ICP-MS: Analytical Method for Identification and Detection of Elemental Impurities.

Aim of this article is to review and discuss the currently used quantitative analytical method ICP-MS, which is used for quality control of pharmaceutical products. ICP-MS technique has several applications such as determination of single elements, multi element analysis in synthetic drugs, heavy metals in environmental water, trace element content of selected fertilizers and dairy manures. ICP-MS is also used for determination of toxic and essential elements in different varieties of food samples and metal pollutant present in the environment.

"Gold nanoparticles composite-folic acid conjugated graphene oxide nanohybrids" for targeted chemo-thermal cancer ablation: In vitro screening and in vivo studies.

Nano-graphene oxide (GO) nanometal composite (specifically nanogold and nanosilver) have shown to be a promising material for anticancer therapeutics. Owing to their high drug loading capacity, photothermal and synergizing effects, it is very important to exploit them for targeted chemo-thermal cancer therapeutics. In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were selected as the composite metal, folic acid (FA) was taken as GO surface functionalization moiety for active tumor targeting of model anticancer drug Doxorubicin (Dox).

Water-Promoted Regiospecific Azidolysis and Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-1-alkyl-3-[(4-aryl/alkyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]indolin-2-ones.

An efficient, eco-friendly, base free, one-pot, sequential protocol was developed for epoxide azidolysis and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition using water as the solvent for the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-1-alkyl-3-[(4-aryl/alkyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]indolin-2-ones. The optimized reaction conditions have been generalized in the case of aromatic as well as aliphatic alkyne partners to afford good yields and high regioselectivity.

Synthetic and Medicinal Prospective of Structurally Modified Curcumins.

Curcumin, a natural yellow phenolic compound, is present in various types of herbs, particularly in Turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae family) rhizomes. Curcumin is a polyphenolic natural compound with diverse and attractive biological activities.

Chemistry and Bioactivities of Aristeromycins: An Overview.

The majority of carbocyclic nucleosides are of synthetic origin; nature has provided two of the most interesting compounds, aristeromycin and neplanocin A. Aristeromycin and its modified derivatives are an important group of carbocyclic nucleosides that exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anticancer and antitoxoplasma activities. Especially, aristeromycins are widely used as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, influenza virus and hepatitis C virus.

Polysaccharides based nanomaterials for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery.

Polysaccharides, an important class of biological polymers, are effectively bioactive, nontoxic, hydrophilic, biodegradable and offer a wide diversity in structure and properties. These can be easily modified chemically and biochemically to enhance the bioadhesion with biological tissues, better stability and can improve bioavailability of drugs. Most of the chemotherapeutic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, slow drug delivery systems and poor water solubility that usually proves toxic to human bodies.

Simultaneous Estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, and Reserpine Using PCA, NAS, and NAS-PCA.

In this study, new and feasible UV-visible spectrophotometric and multivariate spectrophotometric methods were described for the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), hydralazine hydrochloride (H.HCl), and reserpine (RES) in combined pharmaceutical tablets. Methanol was used as a solvent for analysis and the whole UV region was scanned from 200-400 nm.

Application of RP-HPLC method in dissolution testing and statistical evaluation by NASSAM for simultaneous estimation of tertiary combined dosages forms.

A dissolution method with robust high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis for immediate release tablet formulation was developed and validated to meet the requirement as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines. The method involved the use of Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C column, and temperature was maintained at 30 °C. After optimization, the mobile phase was selected as phosphate buffer (KHPO, 30 mM) : ACN (60:40, v/v) with pH 3.

Regulatory categories of probiotics across the globe: a review representing existing and recommended categorization.

Probiotics are friendly live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial micro-organisms found in the human gut, whenever consumed, have potential to confer benefit to the health of consumers by maintaining, or improving their intestinal microbial flora and are available to consumers mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. All-time high interest in the field of probiotics is due to emerging probiotic industry. Probiotics are available in foods and dietary supplements, even as pharmaceutical formulations (capsules, tablets and powders) and in some other forms as well, but their claims of health benefits may challenge the traditional border between food and medicine.

Riociguat as a treatment regime for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a review.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening condition distinguished by elevated pressure of pulmonary arteries and increased vascular resistance. The management of patients with PAH and CTEPH has advanced rapidly over last decade but despite the progress in the treatment, the survival of suffering patients remain unsatisfactory and there is no cure for the diseases. However, surgery is not a first choice for patients.

(Copper-curcumin) β-cyclodextrin vaginal gel: delivering a novel metal-herbal approach for the development of topical contraception prophylaxis.

Delivering a safe and effective topical vaginal contraceptive is the need of present era. We explored the potential of a metal (copper) and herbal moiety (curcumin) for this topical contraceptive prophylaxis. Complex of copper and curcumin (Cu-Cur) was synthesized and the concerns regarding its aqueous solubility was resolved by including it into the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as (Cu-Cur)CD inclusion complex.

A novel multiple tyrosine-kinase targeted agent to explore the future perspectives of anti-angiogenic therapy for the treatment of multiple solid tumors: cabozantinib.

The process of angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature by the over expression of certain factors leading to the growth and development of all solid tumor types. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor abbreviated as c-Met and vascular endothelial growth factor abbreviated as VEGF are some of the factors responsible for the induction in tumor growth and development. Recently a number of analogues associated with these receptors are under study.

A novel integrase targeting agent to explore the future prospective of HIV eradication: dolutegravir.

Out of the 15 discrete proteins encoding the total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; three perform the vital enzymatic functions i.e. a reverse transcription, an integration, and proteolysis.

Comparative pharmacognosy of Pashanbhed.

Background: Pashanbhed is a commercially available diuretic and lithotropic drug, used to treat renal problems. It is a controversial name as it is assigned to various plants such as Bergenia ligulata, Kalanchoe pinnata, Coleus aromaticus and Rotula aquatica.

Objective: To perform the comparative preliminary phytochemical screening, diuretic activity, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) finger printing profile of three plants (B.

In vivo wound healing performance of drug loaded electrospun composite nanofibers transdermal patch.

Acute injuries or wound is required the fast delivery of drug to control infections without any side effect. In this direction in the present investigation, antibiotic ciprofloxacin loaded hydrophilic biodegradable poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) electrospun composite nanofiber based transdermal patch was developed for local delivery of antibiotic drug. The antibiotic drug ciprofloxacin was loaded in it by active loading.

Development and characterization of guar gum nanoparticles for oral immunization against tuberculosis.

The main aim of this study was to develop an effective carrier system containing Ag85A-loaded guar gum nanoparticles for oral vaccination against tuberculosis. Nanoparticles were prepared by Nanoprecipitation method. The developed particles with mean diameter 895.

Beneficial effect of candesartan and lisinopril against haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in rat.

Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia is a serious motor disorder of the orofacial region, resulting from chronic neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia. Candesartan (AT1 antagonist) and lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of candesartan and lisinopril on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative damage in rats.

Combination of daidzein, hemin and bms182874 halts the progression of diabetes-induced experimental nephropathy.

The present study has been designed to investigate the combined effect of daidzein (caveolin inhibitor), hemin (hemoxygenase activator) and BMS182874 (endothelin receptor antagonist) in diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by administering single dose of streptozotocin in wistar rats. DN was clinically assessed by the estimation of various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies of renal tissue.

Lipoplexes versus nanoparticles: pDNA/siRNA delivery.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely used as potential therapeutic for treatment of various genetic disorders. However, rapid degradation, poor cellular uptake and limited stability in blood limit the effectiveness of the systemic delivery of siRNA. Therefore, an efficient delivery system is required to enhance its transfection and duration of therapeutics.

In-vitro anti-viral screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of copper-curcumin complex.

Multiple therapeutic activities attributed to curcumin deliver a challenge to explore its hidden qualities. Structural features set an opportunity to chelate metal ions and enhance the therapeutics in a specified direction. A metallo-herbal complex (MHco) of curcumin with copper (Cu(2+)) ions was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopy techniques.

Intracellular delivery of redox cycler-doxorubicin to the mitochondria of cancer cell by folate receptor targeted mitocancerotropic liposomes.

Cancer cells reflect higher level of ROS in comparison to the normal cell, so they become more vulnerable to further oxidative stress induced by exogenous ROS-generating agents. Through this a novel therapeutic strategy has evolved, which involves the delivery of redox cycler-doxorubicin (DOX) to the mitochondria of cancer cell where it acts as a source of exogenous ROS production. The purpose of this study is to develop a liposomal preparation which exhibits a propensity to selectively target cancer cell along with the potential of delivering drug to mitochondria of cell.

Microfold-cell targeted surface engineered polymeric nanoparticles for oral immunization.

Present work was envisaged to develop novel M-cell targeted polymeric particles that are capable of protecting the antigen from harsh gastric conditions. Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) lectin was anchored for selective delivery of antigen to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). In the present investigation, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation followed by antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA) adsorption.

N-(1,3-Diaryl-3-oxopropyl)amides as a new template for xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

A series of forty two N-(1,3-diaryl-3-oxopropyl)amides were synthesized via an efficient, modified Dakin-West reaction and were evaluated for in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity for the first time. Structure-activity relationship analyses have been presented. Selected active xanthine oxidase inhibitors (3r, 3s, and 3zh) were assessed in vivo to study their anti-hyperuricemic effect in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic mice model.

Advances in pulmonary delivery of nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology has potential in the development of novel and effective delivery of drugs within lungs. Different strategies have been utilized for pulmonary delivery of drugs, including the use of lipid-based delivery systems (liposomes, ISCOMs, SLNs), use of polymeric matrix (PLGA, poly caprolactone, cynoacrylates, gelatin), development of polysaccharide particulates (chitosan, alginates, Carbopol, etc.), biocompatible metallic inorganic particles (iron, gold, zinc), etc.

Development and characterization of rifampicin loaded floating microspheres.

Gastroretentive floating microspheres have a potential for enhancing the bioavailability and controlled delivery of drugs. The present study involves development of rifampicin floating microspheres in order to increase the gastric retention time. The microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and characterized for particle size, shape, zeta-potential, entrapment, and release kinetics.