Retroesophageal Left Brachiocephalic Vein with Right-Sided Aortic Arch in Tetralogy of Fallot: A Rare Venous Anomaly Demonstrated on Computed Tomography Angiography.

A 14-year-old child with recurrent cyanotic spells at the age of 9 months underwent echocardiography at that time, which revealed tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Follow-up computed tomography angiography revealed TOF with valvular pulmonary stenosis and a right-sided aortic arch with mirror image branching. Interestingly, an unusual anomalous course of the left brachiocephalic vein was seen.

Ultrasound guided pediatric caudal dose: a two-center randomized controlled trial.

Background: The drug volume to be used in caudal in pediatric patients has remained an unmet issue since long. We determined the minimum drug volume required to reach T10 level in pediatric patients using ultrasonography and compared it with the already established volume by Armitage formula.

Aim: To determine the minimum effective caudal local anesthetic dose using ultrasound guidance.

Amend the Mental Health Care Act 2017: A Survey of Indian Psychiatrists (Paper 1).

Aim: This paper highlights the difficulties and lacunae in the Mental Health Care Act 2017 that hinder its implementation and use for the care and treatment of persons with mental illness in India.

Methods: An online nationwide survey, involving structured questions as well as open-ended questions, to elicit the level of implementation, experience in complying with the provisions of the Act, and level of satisfaction, of practicing psychiatrists was carried out. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistics.

Phylo-geo haplotype network-based characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India (2020-2022).

Background & objectives Genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in India during 2020-2022 was carried out to understand the evolution of potentially expanding and divergent clades. Methods SARS-CoV-2 sequences (n=612) randomly selected from among the sequences of samples collected through a nationwide network of Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratories during 2020 (n=1532) and Indian sequences available in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data during March 2020-March 2022 (n=53077), were analyzed using the phylo-geo haplotype network approach with reference to the Wuhan prototype sequence. Results On haplotype analysis, 420 haplotypes were revealed from 643 segregating sites among the sequences.

Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) versus Other Antihypertensive Medication on Blood Pressure in Patients on Dialysis: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Hypertension is an important factor driving mortality among dialysis patients. Angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) has been effective similarly to angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEs) but with a low incidence of side effects.

Methodology: The meta-analysis included all published studies that investigated the effect of ARB on the hypertension in adult dialysis patients (≥18 years).

Hearts in the sky: understanding the cardiovascular implications of air travel.

Air travel is widely regarded as the safest mode of transportation, with the United States leading in airline passengers. However, travelers with pre-existing heart conditions face acute cardiovascular risks. Flight pilots and cabin crew are particularly vulnerable to air travel's physiological changes, which can significantly impair their health and performance.

Emerging Role of Low-dose Loop Diuretics in the Management of Heart Failure Patients to Maintain Euvolemia.

The current scenario of employing loop diuretics in combination with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) demonstrates a comprehensive approach to improving clinical outcomes in individuals with heart failure (HF). GDMT uses four types of drugs: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), beta-blockers (BBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Torsemide, furosemide, and bumetanide are common loop diuretics used to control fluid overload in HF and provide symptomatic relief.

Antenatal unilateral upper limb acromesomelic dysplasia.

Acromesomelic dysplasia (AMD) is an umbrella term given to a heterogeneous group of progressive skeletal disorders characterized by short limbed dwarfism associated with disproportionate shortening of middle and distal segments of the upper as well as lower limbs. Although specific skeletal anomalies are difficult to diagnose antenatally, but because of their antenatal and postnatal implications and a possibility of reoccurrence in following pregnancies, such skeletal anomalies need to be actively addressed. A combination of radiologic, pathologic, genetic and molecular investigation prenatally as well as postnatally is required to classify a specific congenital skeletal dysplasia.

Therapeutic drug monitoring in tuberculosis.

Purpose: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a standard clinical procedure that uses the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the drug in the body to determine the optimal dose. The pharmacokinetic variability of the drug(s) is a significant contributor to poor treatment outcomes, including the development of acquired drug resistance. TDM aids in dose optimization and improves outcomes while lessening drug toxicity.

SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant: a short review.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving continuously, and many variants have been detected over the last few years. SARS-CoV-2, as an RNA virus, is more prone to mutating.

A Study of Quality of Life of Elderly Live Kidney Donors-An Interview-Based Prospective Follow-Up Study.

Quality of life (QoL) is a vital aspect of postdonation amongst donors, especially elderly donors. There is a limited study from India assessing the QoL amongst young live donors (YLD), and no study has been done on the elderly sub-group. This study was undertaken to determine the donors' sociodemographic and essential clinical characteristics, as well as to study the QoL of the live kidney donors and compare the QoL of elderly and young donors.

An unilateral double fenestration of the right external jugular vein: a rare variant.

Objectives: This report presents a rare anatomical variation, double fenestration of the External jugular vein on the right side.

Materials And Methods: During the routine dissection of a male cadaver aged 60 years, we observed a unilateral large double fenestration of the External jugular vein on the right side.

Results: After its formation from the posterior division of the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins, External jugular vein descended in the posterior triangle of neck.

The Progression and Prospects of the Gene Expression Profiling in Ovarian Epithelial Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate among females worldwide. The understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is highly important to provide personalized therapy to the patients. Ovarian cancer is as heterogeneous as colon and breast cancer which makes it difficult to treat.

A Rare Case of Intracardiac Lipoma Arising from the Papillary Muscle.

Transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined globular mass attached to the anterolateral papillary muscle. The mass was hyperintense on T1 and T2 weighted images with suppression of signal on fat saturated and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images. This imaging established the diagnosis of cardiac lipoma attached to the anterolateral papillary muscle, Papillary muscle is a very rare location of lipoma, which is rarely reported in the literature.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Using Ultrasonography for Raised Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Patients - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Detecting increased intracranial pressure early in pediatric patients is essential, as early initiation of therapy prevents morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured via ultrasound for the prediction of increased intracranial pressure.

Methods: Four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL, were searched for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Profile and risk factors of sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity: Experience from SNCU in North India.

Background: This research aimed to identify the clinical profile and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among "at-risk" newborns treated at a sick newborn care unit (SNCU) located at high altitude in North India, with the intention of contributing to formulate regional and national ROP screening guidelines.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective observational study from 2021 to 2022, outborn and inborn babies eligible for ROP screening were screened.

Results: Total 39/122 screened neonates had laser for Type 1 ROP, and 22/39 (56.