Interaction between oxidised state of quercetin and bovine serum albumin in presence of surfactant aggregates with different charges.

The present investigation focuses on the role of surfactant and its charge on the interaction of flavonoid Quercetin (QCT) and Bovine serum albumin (BSA). QCT is known to undergo autoxidation in many chemical environments which has different characteristics compared to its non-oxidised structure. In this experiment, two ionic surfactants used.

Exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment of trihalomethanes (THMs) for water supply consumers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs), a class of DBPs (disinfection byproducts) that includes chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), and bromoform. To the best of authors' knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between the concentration of THMs and lifetime cancer risks (LCR) in drinking water supply system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lifetime cancer risks of exposure to THMs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

An experimental investigation on the combined effect of plastic deformation and grain size variation on the acoustic nonlinearity parameter.

The combined effect of grain size variation and plastic deformation on the acoustic nonlinearity parameter has been investigated in an austenitic stainless-steel material of grade 304. The nonlinear behavior of this parameter with grain growth has deviated to linear fit with deformation. This is due to the interaction of elastic waves with the strain-induced dislocation substructure in the grains.

Interfacial interaction driven enhancement in the colossal magnetoresistance property of ultra-thin heterostructure of PrSrMnO in proximity with PrCaMnO.

The ultra-thin heterostructure of PrSrMnO(15 nm)/PrCaMnO(15 nm)/SrTiO fabricated using pulsed laser deposition technique exhibits the phase-segregated nature wherein the ferromagnetism of PrSrMnO, and the antiferromagnetic state of PrCaMnO coexist in proximity. The observation of two exciting phenomena in the grown ultra-thin heterostructure, namely, the kinetic arrest and training effect, confirms its phase-segregated nature. The melting of the antiferromagnetic state in PrCaMnO into a ferromagnetic state due to the interfacial interaction arising from the magnetic proximity of the ferromagnetic clusters of PrSrMnO have been observed.

Fast and selective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation of UO and Th ions using surface modified C silica monolithic supports with target specific ionophoric ligands.

Reprocessing nuclear-spent fuels is highly demanded for enhanced resource efficacy and removal of the associated radiotoxicity. The present work elucidates the rapid separation of UO and Th ions using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) technique by dynamically modifying the surface of a C silica monolith column with target-specific ionophoric ligands. For the dynamic modification, four analogous aromatic amide ligands, , , , , , -hexa(alkyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (alkyl = butyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl) as column modifiers were synthesized.

Anomalies of Brillouin Light Scattering in Selected Perovskite Relaxor Ferroelectric Crystals.

Compositionally disordered perovskite compounds have been one of the exotic topics of research during the past several years. Colossal piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects have been observed in disordered perovskite ferroelectric materials. The key ingredient in the physical behavior of disordered perovskites is the nucleation and growth of the local dipolar regions called polar nanoregions (PNRs).

The Prominence of Facilitator π-Holes: The Classic N←N Pnictogen Bonding in Nitrobenzene-Ammonia Dimer with its Structural Elucidation and Experimental Characterization at Low Temperatures.

The nitrogen of nitro group is a paradigmatic pnictogen due the presence of a π-hole and a number of studies have been performed recently on prototypical nitromethane (NM). Homodimers and heterodimers of NM are sustained by π-hole driven pnictogen bonds hosted by nitrogen. To understand the effect of substitution on this π-hole and thus the pnictogen bond, heterodimers of nitrobenzene (NB; phenyl substitution in place of methyl) with ammonia (AM) have been probed, as a test case, using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations.

Highly Selective Room Temperature Detection of NH and NO Using Oxygen-Deficient WO-Supported WS Heterojunctions.

In this paper, we reported the controlled synthesis of tungsten disulfide/reduced tungsten oxide (WS/WO) heterojunctions for highly efficient room temperature NO and ammonia (NH) sensors. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the oxygen-deficient WO phase along with WS. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy displayed the formation of WS flakes over WO nanorods.

Ligand Effect on Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid.

In the solvent extraction process, the importance of an extractant (or ligand) and a diluent is inferred from their respective physicochemical properties. We have brought together all the recent results reported on the mixture of different extractants dissolved in a well-known ionic liquid diluent: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C mim][NTf ]) in the form of a review and aimed to emphasize the role of ligand polarity and structure on the physicochemical properties of an ionic liquid (IL) diluent. Some of the most important properties such as dynamic viscosity (η), absolute density ( ), energy of activation (E ), coefficient of thermal expansion (α), phase separation time (PST), refractive index (n), etc.

EBSD analysis of spark plasma sintered SS316-BC composite.

The Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) method has been characterized as a potential tool for analysing the microstructural changes that occur during the sintering processes and it possesses the ability to depict misorientation diagrams, pole figures and grain size distribution. The present work focuses on observing the microstructure evolution of the prepared 316 stainless steel with 10 wt% of BC samples sintered at the temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 °C using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. The samples are in the equiaxed form of recrystallized grains and they are elongated.

Particle preparation of pharmaceutical compounds using supercritical antisolvent process: current status and future perspectives.

The low aqueous solubility and subsequently slow dissolution rate, as well as the poor bioavailability of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), are major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the particle engineering approaches using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO) as an antisolvent are critically reviewed. The different SC CO-based antisolvent processes, such as the gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS), and a solution-enhanced dispersion system (SEDS), are described.

Tunnel barrier to spin filter: Electronic-transport characteristics of transition metal atom encapsulated in a small Cadmium Telluride cage.

First-principles theory-based comparative electronic-transport studies were performed for an atomic chain of Au, a bare CdTe cage-like cluster, and a single transition metal (TM) (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd) atom encapsulated within the CdTe using Au(111) as the electrodes. The bare cluster was semiconducting and acted as a tunnel barrier up to a particular applied bias and then beyond that the device displayed a linear current-voltage relationship. Several TMs (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) encapsulated in the cage showed a half-metallic behavior and spin-filtering effect in the characteristics of the device.

Disordered spin gapless semiconducting CoFeCrGa Heusler alloy thin films on Si (100): experiment and theory.

Spin gapless semiconductors (SGSs) are an intriguing class of quantum materials that bridge the gap between half-metallic ferromagnets and semiconductors. The presence of a semiconducting bandgap for one spin channel and zero band gap for other spin channels, together with the possibility of four different band structure configurations, makes them one of the most desirable candidates to be used in tunable spin transport based spintronics devices. Here, we have performed various structural, magnetic and transport measurements on an optimized CoFeCrGa (CFCG) Heusler alloy thin film (∼50 nm) grown over a Si(100) substrate using an industry-viable magnetron sputtering technique.

Radiochemical quality control of the radiopharmaceutical, SrCl produced in FBTR.

SrCl radiopharmaceuticals is mainly used for bone pain palliation in the cancer patients, is being produced in FBTR via Y(n, p)Sr using yttria target. The irradiated yttria target is chemically processed in high pure quartz distilled nitric acid medium in hot cell facility, to avoid the corrosion of components of hotcell due to chloride ions while using HCl medium. Being ionic species, the purified Sr(II) cation in aqueous solution containing bulk nitrate and other trace anions, exists as SrX species where X: F, Cl, Br, NO, PO and SO, n: stoichiometric anion content.

Support vector machine based methodology for classification of thermal images pertaining to breast cancer.

Breast cancer has been and continues to be a cause of major health concern for women. It is more prevalent in old age, but its incidence has increased in recent years in groups below 50 years old, as in India. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) 2020, 50% of all the cases are in the age group of 25-50 where the numbers are staggering and constantly rising.

Starch-Assisted Synthesis of BiS Nanoparticles for Enhanced Dielectric and Antibacterial Applications.

Starch [(CHO) ]-stabilized bismuth sulfide (BiS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in a single-pot reaction using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO)·5HO) and sodium sulfide (NaS) as precursors. BiS NPs were stable over time and a wide band gap of 2.86 eV was observed.

Magnetic nanofluids (Ferrofluids): Recent advances, applications, challenges, and future directions.

Impelled by the need to find solutions to new challenges of modern technologies new materials with unique properties are being explored. Among various new materials that emerged over the decades, magnetic fluids exhibiting interesting physiochemical properties (optical, thermal, magnetic, rheological, apparent density, etc.) under a magnetic stimulus have been at the forefront of research.

Spectroscopic determination of the role of vanadyl oxygen in room temperature NH sensing by VO nanoparticles.

In the present study, a multi-modal approach consisting of in-situ photoluminescence, Raman, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic studies is carried out along with chemiresistive sensing to unveil the mechanism of NH gas sensing by VO nanoparticles in ambient air. VO nanoparticles with an average size of 49 nm show a superior sensor response of 17 ± 1.5 % towards 1 ppm of NH gas with a response and recovery time of 96 s and 45 s, respectively.

Interplay of unique N⋯π pnicogen and H⋯π/H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions in the heterodimers of nitromethane with acetylene and benzene as π-electron donors: experimental characterization at low temperatures under isolated conditions with computational corroboration.

The existence of unique ON⋯π pnicogen bonding in combination with C-H⋯π/C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions has been experimentally affirmed in the heterodimers of nitromethane with aliphatic (acetylene; NMAc) and aromatic (benzene; NMBz) π-electron donors at low temperatures under isolated conditions. The potential energy surfaces of NMAc and NMBz dimers have been probed for stationary points using and DFT computational methods. Three unique geometries for NMAc dimers were optimized, which were stabilized through mixed ON⋯π pnicogen bonding and C-H⋯π/C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions with varying strength.

Ambiguity in indexing electron diffraction patterns of R3 crystals.

The R3 space group inherently lacks 2, m and m_{{\bar 1}10} symmetry operations. However, in crystals with R3 symmetry, these transformations produce `pseudoplanes' with the same interplanar spacing and angles as the original crystallographic planes, causing a lack of uniqueness in the electron diffraction (ED) pattern. The difference in atomic arrangements of pseudoplanes and original planes is reflected in the intensities of diffraction spots; it is hard to differentiate in standard ED patterns, frequently causing wrong assignment of the zone axes.

Development of a numerical model for sector-average plume gamma dose and its validation with dose rate measurements at Kalpakkam NPP site, India.

A Gaussian Plume based simple numerical model, named DIFFUSE is developed to simulate the long-term sector-average plume gamma dose due to radioactive plume released during normal operation of nuclear facilities. DIFFUSE calculates site specific joint frequency distributions of wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability using micrometeorological observations. It performs the finite sector-average dose integration for any stack height and gamma energy using Simpson's 1/3rd method with sufficient computational efficiency within the site boundary up to 2 km.

Integrated use of regional weather forecasting and crop modeling for water stress assessment on rice yield.

This study evaluated the effects of water stress on rice yield over Punjab and Haryana across North India by integrating Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) models. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite datasets were used to define land use/land cover in WRF. The accuracy of simulated rainfall and temperature over Punjab and Haryana was evaluated against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and automated weather station data of Indian Space Research Organization, respectively.

RGO nanosheet wrapped β-phase NiCuS nanorods for advanced supercapacitor applications.

A new integration strategy of transition metal sulfide with carbon-based materials is used to boost its catalytic property and electrochemical performances in supercapacitor application. Herein, crystalline reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped ternary metal sulfide nanorod composites with different rGO ratios are synthesized using hydrothermal technique and are compared for their physical, chemical, and electrochemical performances. It is found that their properties are tuned by the weight ratios of rGO.

Highly Durable Antimicrobial Tantalum Nitride/Copper Coatings on Stainless Steel Deposited by Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering.

Highly durable and antimicrobial tantalum nitride/copper (TaN/Cu) nanocomposite coatings were deposited on D-9 stainless steel substrates by pulsed magnetron sputtering. The Cu content in the coating was varied in the range of 1.42-35.

Unique Dispersion-Induced Tetrel Bond with Co-operative σ-hole-Induced Pnicogen Bond in the POCl-Acetone Heterodimer: Experimental Confirmation at Low Temperatures.

Both tetrel and pnicogen bonds are known to be induced through σ-/π-holes. This work reports computational and experimental evidence of the carbonyl carbon of acetone hosting a tetrel bond by rather electrostatic forces, for the first time, while phosphorus of POCl sustains pnicogen bonding via the σ-hole. Heterodimers of POCl with acetone (CHCOCH) have been isolated within inert gas matrixes of Ar and N at 12 K.