Romosozumab rescues impaired bone mass and strength in a murine model of diabetic kidney disease.

As international incidence of diabetes and diabetes-driven comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) continue to climb, interventions are needed that address the high-risk skeletal fragility of what is a complex disease state. Romosozumab (Romo) is an FDA-approved sclerostin inhibitor that has been shown to increase bone mineral density and decrease fracture rates in osteoporotic patients with mild to severe CKD, but its effect on diabetes-weakened bone is unknown. We aimed to test Romo's performance in a model of combined diabetes and CKD.

Effects of novel raloxifene analogs alone or in combination with mechanical loading in the Col1a2 murine model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary bone disease in which gene mutations affect collagen formation, leading to a weak, brittle bone phenotype that can cause severe skeletal deformity and increased fracture risk. OI interventions typically repurpose osteoporosis medications to increase bone mass, but this approach does not address compromised tissue-level material properties. Raloxifene (RAL) is a mild anti-resorptive used to treat osteoporosis that has also been shown to increase bone strength by a-cellularly increasing bone bound water content, but RAL cannot be administered to children due to its hormonal activity.

Patient perception of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction on Instagram.

To date, there is limited social media evaluation of patients after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and analysis of their perceived surgical outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine patient perceived outcomes after MPFL reconstruction via social media analysis on Instagram. A total of 486 posts containing "#MPFL" were included in the assessment.

Femoral Skeletal Perfusion is Reduced in Male Mice with Type 1 Diabetes.

The bone vasculature and blood flow are critical for bone modeling, remodeling, and regeneration. Vascular complications are one of the major health concerns of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Moreover, people with T1D have lower bone mineral density and increased bone fragility.

Modeling the Potential of Treg-Based Therapies for Transplant Rejection: Effect of Dose, Timing, and Accumulation Site.

The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has emerged as a method to promote graft tolerance. Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of adoptive transfer and are now assessing their therapeutic efficacy. Strategies that generate large numbers of antigen specific Tregs are even more efficacious.

Cortical porosity is elevated after a single dose of zoledronate in two rodent models of chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high risk of fracture in part due to cortical bone deterioration. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of two different bisphosphonates and dosing regimens on cortical microstructure (porosity, thickness, area) and bone mechanical properties in animal models of CKD.

Methods: In experiment 1, Male Cy/+ (CKD) rats were treated with either a single dose or ten fractionated doses of zoledronate at 18 weeks of age.

Preliminary method for profiling volatile organic compounds in breath that correlate with pulmonary function and other clinical traits of subjects diagnosed with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic respiratory infections which progressively decrease lung function over time. Affected individuals experience episodes of intensified respiratory symptoms called pulmonary exacerbations (PEx), which in turn accelerate pulmonary function decline and decrease survival rate. An overarching challenge is that there is no standard classification for PEx, which results in treatments that are heterogeneous.

Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?

Water constitutes roughly a quarter of the cortical bone by volume yet can greatly influence mechanical properties and tissue quality. There is a growing appreciation for how water can dynamically change due to age, disease, and treatment. A key emerging area related to bone mechanical and tissue properties lies in differentiating the role of water in its four different compartments, including free/pore water, water loosely bound at the collagen/mineral interfaces, water tightly bound within collagen triple helices, and structural water within the mineral.

Iron deficiency and high-intensity running interval training do not impact femoral or tibial bone in young female rats.

In the USA, as many as 20 % of recruits sustain stress fractures during basic training. In addition, approximately one-third of female recruits develop Fe deficiency upon completion of training. Fe is a cofactor in bone collagen formation and vitamin D activation, thus we hypothesised Fe deficiency may be contributing to altered bone microarchitecture and mechanics during 12-weeks of increased mechanical loading.

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise-Related Performance.

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the utility of nitrate (NO3) supplementation to improve exercise-related performance. After consumption, dietary NO3 can be reduced to nitric oxide, a free radical gas involved in numerous physiological actions including blood vessel vasodilation, mitochondrial respiration, and skeletal muscle contractile function. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary NO3 supplementation has a small but nevertheless significant beneficial effect on endurance performance through the combined effects of enhanced tissue oxygenation and metabolic efficiency in active skeletal muscle.

The combination of aging and chronic kidney disease leads to an exacerbated cortical porosity phenotype.

Purpose: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aging are each independently associated with higher fracture risk. Although CKD is highly prevalent in the aging population, the interaction between these two conditions with respect to bone structure and mechanics is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine cortical porosity and mechanical properties in skeletally mature young and aging mice with CKD.

Morphological and mechanical characterization of bone phenotypes in the Amish G610C murine model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary bone disease where gene mutations affect Type I collagen formation resulting in osteopenia and increased fracture risk. There are several established mouse models of OI, but some are severe and result in spontaneous fractures or early animal death. The Amish Col1a2G610C/+ (G610C) mouse model is a newer, moderate OI model that is currently being used in a variety of intervention studies, with differing background strains, sexes, ages, and bone endpoints.

Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease induces a similar skeletal phenotype in male and female C57BL/6 mice with more severe deficits in cortical bone properties of male mice.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes bone loss, particularly in cortical bone, through formation of cortical pores which lead to skeletal fragility. Animal models of CKD have shown variability in the skeletal response to CKD between males and females suggesting sex may play a role in this variation. Our aim was to compare the impact of adenine-induced CKD on cortical parameters in skeletally mature male and female C57Bl/6 mice.

Strain-specific alterations in the skeletal response to adenine-induced chronic kidney disease are associated with differences in parathyroid hormone levels.

Unlabelled: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to loss of cortical bone through cortical thinning and the development of cortical porosity. The goal of this current study was to assess cortical bone alterations to adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in two strains of mice with known genetic differences in cortical thickness. We hypothesized that C3H mice with thicker cortices and baseline levels of intracortical remodeling would have greater cortical porosity in response to adenine-induced CKD compared to B6 animals.

The Effect of Single Versus Group μCT on the Detection of Trabecular and Cortical Disease Phenotypes in Mouse Bones.

Micro-computed tomography is a critical assessment tool for bone-related preclinical research, especially in murine models. To expedite the scanning process, researchers often image multiple bones simultaneously; however, it is unknown if this impacts scan quality and alters the ability to detect differences between experimental groups. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of multibone scanning on detecting disease-induced changes in bone microarchitecture and mineral density by group scanning two murine models with known skeletal defects: the model of osteogenesis imperfecta and an adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease.

Reversing cortical porosity: Cortical pore infilling in preclinical models of chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high incidence of fracture due in part to cortical porosity. The goal of this study was to study cortical pore infilling utilizing two rodent models of progressive CKD.

Methods: Exp 1: Female C57Bl/6J mice (16-week-old) were given dietary adenine (0.

Client buy-in: An essential consideration for graded motor imagery in hand therapy.

Study Design: This is a cross-sectional survey research.

Introduction: Current evidence provides efficacy of graded motor imagery (GMI) in chronic pain conditions but also reveals barriers to its implementation.

Purpose Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to describe current utilization of GMI in hand therapy practice.

Kidney Disease and Bone: Changing the Way We Look at Skeletal Health.

Purpose Of Review: Kidney disease imparts profound skeletal changes, and unlike many other skeletal diseases, cortical bone is predominantly impacted. Significant advances in medical imaging have led to our ability to now obtain high-resolution three-dimensional views of cortical bone. This paper overviews recent work focused on cortical bone imaging, specifically cortical porosity, in kidney disease.

A risk prediction tool for colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study of patient and provider facilitators and barriers.

Background: Despite proven effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, at least 35% of screen-eligible adults are not current with screening. Decision aids and risk prediction tools may help increase uptake, adherence, and efficiency of CRC screening by presenting lower-risk patients with options less invasive than colonoscopy. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine patient and provider perceptions of facilitators and barriers to use of a risk prediction tool for advanced colorectal neoplasia (CRC and advanced, precancerous polyps), to maximize its chances of successful clinical implementation.

Elevations in Cortical Porosity Occur Prior to Significant Rise in Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Young Female Mice with Adenine-Induced CKD.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to significant bone loss primarily through the development of cortical porosity. In both patients and animal models of CKD, sustained elevations in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with cortical porosity. In this study, we aimed to track the progression of cortical porosity and increased PTH utilizing the adenine-induced CKD model.

Resurgent and Gating Pore Currents Induced by Epilepsy Mutations.

Over 150 mutations in the gene, which encodes the neuronal Nav1.2 protein, have been implicated in human epilepsy cases. Of these, R1882Q and R853Q are two of the most commonly reported mutations.

Skeletal levels of bisphosphonate in the setting of chronic kidney disease are independent of remodeling rate and lower with fractionated dosing.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in a dramatic increase in skeletal fracture risk. Bisphosphates (BP) are an effective treatment for reducing fracture risk but they are not recommended in advanced CKD. We have recently shown higher acute skeletal accumulation of fluorescently-tagged zoledronate (ZOL) in the setting of CKD but how this accumulation is retained/lost over time is unclear.

Parathyroid suppression therapy normalizes chronic kidney disease-induced elevations in cortical bone vascular perfusion: a pilot study.

Unlabelled: Interventions that alter PTH levels in an animal model of chronic kidney disease have effects on the perfusion of bone and bone marrow.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have accelerated bone loss, vascular calcification, and abnormal biochemistries, together contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture-associated mortality. Despite evidence of vascular pathologies and dysfunction in CKD, our group has shown that cortical bone tissue perfusion is higher in a rat model of high-turnover CKD.