Dimensions of sexual experiences reflected through adjective selection: findings from a US nationally representative survey.

Background: A growing body of research focuses on the quality of sexual experiences, such as the importance of sexual pleasure, comfort, and intimacy for overall health. Building upon this work, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the dimensions of sexual experiences using data from 2897 adult participants from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB; 1314 men, 1583 women).

Methods: We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the extent to which 20 adjectives describing adults' most recent sexual experience (e.

The relationship between racial discrimination and substance use: Does locus of control help explain risk?

Introduction: Exposure to racial discrimination has been consistently linked with risk for substance use. However, outside of externalizing and affect-based factors, few other mechanisms have been examined. One potential candidate is locus of control, a learning processes that involves the degree to which one attributes rewards as resulting from their own control (internal locus of control) versus outside control (external locus of control).

Segregating the effects of ferric citrate-mediated iron utilization and FGF23 in a mouse model of CKD.

Ferric citrate (FC) is an approved therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients as a phosphate (Pi) binder for dialysis-dependent CKD, and for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in non-dialysis CKD. Elevated Pi and IDA both lead to increased FGF23, however, the roles of iron and FGF23 during CKD remain unclear. To this end, iron and Pi metabolism were tested in a mouse model of CKD (0.

Calcimimetics Alter Periosteal and Perilacunar Bone Matrix Composition and Material Properties in Early Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of Americans and greatly increases fracture risk due to elevated parathyroid hormone, cortical porosity, and reduced bone material quality. Calcimimetic drugs are used to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) in CKD patients, but their impact on bone matrix properties remains unknown. We hypothesized that tissue-level bone quality is altered in early CKD and that calcimimetic treatment will prevent these alterations.

BAILA: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Latin Dancing to Increase Physical Activity in Spanish-Speaking Older Latinos.

Background: Latinos are the fastest growing minority group of the older adult population. Although physical activity (PA) has documented health benefits, older Latinos are less likely to engage in leisure time PA than older non-Latino whites. Dance, popular among Latinos, holds promise as a culturally relevant form of PA.

A PMMA bone cement with improved antibacterial function and flexural strength.

A novel non-leaching antibacterial bone cement has been developed and evaluated. An antibacterial furanone derivative was synthesized and covalently coated onto the surface of alumina filler particles, followed by mixing into a conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Flexural strength and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified cements.

Non-Additive Effects of Combined NOX1/4 Inhibition and Calcimimetic Treatment on a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD).

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) increases cardiovascular calcification and skeletal fragility in part by increasing systemic oxidative stress and disrupting mineral homeostasis through secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesized that treatments to reduce reactive oxygen species formation and reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels would have additive beneficial effects to prevent cardiovascular calcification and deleterious bone architecture and mechanics before end-stage kidney disease. To test this hypothesis, we treated a naturally progressive model of CKD-MBD, the Cy/+ rat, beginning early in CKD with the NADPH oxidase (NOX1/4) inhibitor GKT-137831 (GKT), the preclinical analogue of the calcimimetic etelcalcetide, KP-2326 (KP), and their combination.

A novel antibacterial zirconia-containing PMMA bone cement.

A non-leaching antibacterial bone cement has been developed and evaluated. Chlorine- and bromine-containing furanone derivatives were synthesized and covalently coated onto the surface of zirconia filler particles, followed by mixing into a conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Flexural strength and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified cements.

A statistical testing procedure for validating class labels.

Motivated by an open problem of validating protein identities in label-free shotgun proteomics work-flows, we present a testing procedure to validate class (protein) labels using available measurements across N instances (peptides). More generally, we present a non-parametric solution to the problem of identifying instances that are deemed as outliers relative to the subset of instances assigned to the same class. The primary assumption is that measured distances between instances the same class are stochastically smaller than measured distances instances from different classes.

Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part II: Enamel White Spots, Cavitated Caries, and Bone Infection.

Purpose Of Review: Compare noninfectious (part I) to infectious (part II) demineralization of bones and teeth. Evaluate similarities and differences in the expression of hard tissue degradation for the two most common chronic demineralization diseases: osteoporosis and dental caries.

Recent Findings: The physiology of demineralization is similar for the sterile skeleton compared to the septic dentition.

Sexual Modesty in Sexual Expression and Experience: A Scoping Review, 2000 - 2021.

Sexual modesty is the social, cultural, interpersonal, and psychological systems - defined by the tenets of Script Theory - that regulate individuals' sexual expression and experience at the social, legal, and interpersonal boundaries of acceptable/not-acceptable, private/public, and personal/social. Almost all aspects of sexual expression and experience are touched by the pervasive modesty standards for sexual communication, sexual display, sexual relations, and sexual behaviors. Sexual modesty influences an array of sexual and reproductive health outcomes.

Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part I: Attrition, Erosion, Abfraction, and Noncarious Cervical Lesions.

Purpose Of The Review: Compare pathophysiology for infectious and noninfectious demineralization disease relative to mineral maintenance, physiologic fluoride levels, and mechanical degradation.

Recent Findings: Environmental acidity, biomechanics, and intercrystalline percolation of endemic fluoride regulate resistance to demineralization relative to osteopenia, noncarious cervical lesions, and dental caries. Demineralization is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world: osteoporosis (OP) >10%, dental caries ~100%.

Examining the unique and additive effect of trauma and racial microaggressions on substance use risk among Black young adults.

Objective: Exposure to traumatic events is linked to adverse health outcomes, including substance use. Contemporary models have conceptualized racism, including racial microaggressions, as a form of trauma. However, few studies have been conducted examining the unique and additive effect of racial microaggressions within models that include exposure to traditional forms of trauma on substance use outcomes, as well as whether effects vary by gender.

The Impact of Undernutrition on Cognition in Children with Severe Malaria and Community Children: A Prospective 2-Year Cohort Study.

Background: The frequency of recovery from undernutrition after an episode of severe malaria, and the relationship between undernutrition during severe malaria and clinical and cognitive outcomes are not well characterized.

Methods: We evaluated undernutrition and cognition in children in Kampala, Uganda 18 months to 5 years of age with cerebral malaria (CM), severe malarial anemia (SMA) or community children (CC). The Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used to measure cognition.

Can Salivary Innate Immune Molecules Provide Clue on Taste Dysfunction in COVID-19?

Emerging concerns following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic are the long-term effects of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Dysgeusia in COVID-19 is supported by the abundant expression of the entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), in the oral mucosa. The invading virus perturbs the commensal biofilm and regulates the host responses that permit or suppress viral infection.

Dashboards for visual display of patient safety data: a systematic review.

Background: Methods to visualise patient safety data can support effective monitoring of safety events and discovery of trends. While quality dashboards are common, use and impact of dashboards to visualise patient safety event data remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To understand development, use and direct or indirect impacts of patient safety dashboards.

Goals of care communication and higher-value care for patients with advanced-stage cancer: A systematic review of the evidence.

Context: Goals-of-care communication (GOCC) is recommended to increase the value of cancer care near the end of life (EOL).

Objectives: Conduct a systematic review of the evidence that GOCC is associated with higher-value care.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMB Reviews, CINAHL, and PsycInfo from inception to July 2019.

eHBB: a randomised controlled trial of virtual reality or video for neonatal resuscitation refresher training in healthcare workers in resource-scarce settings.

Objective: To assess the impact of mobile virtual reality (VR) simulations using electronic Helping Babies Breathe (eHBB) or video for the maintenance of neonatal resuscitation skills in healthcare workers in resource-scarce settings.

Design: Randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up (2018-2020).

Setting: Secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities.

Caspases Switch off the mA RNA Modification Pathway to Foster the Replication of a Ubiquitous Human Tumor Virus.

The methylation of RNA at the N6 position of adenosine (mA) orchestrates multiple biological processes to control development, differentiation, and cell cycle, as well as various aspects of the virus life cycle. How the mA RNA modification pathway is regulated to finely tune these processes remains poorly understood. Here, we discovered the mA reader YTHDF2 as a caspase substrate via proteome-wide prediction, followed by and validations.

Nmp4, a Regulator of Induced Osteoanabolism, Also Influences Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity.

A bidirectional and complex relationship exists between bone and glycemia. Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk for bone loss and fracture, however, heightened osteoanabolism may ameliorate T2D-induced deficits in glycemia as bone-forming osteoblasts contribute to energy metabolism via increased glucose uptake and cellular glycolysis. Mice globally lacking nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4), a transcription factor expressed in all tissues and conserved between humans and rodents, are healthy and exhibit enhanced bone formation in response to anabolic osteoporosis therapies.

Spatiotemporal Associations Between Social Vulnerability, Environmental Measurements, and COVID-19 in the Conterminous United States.

This study summarizes the results from fitting a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths at the county level in the United States for the year 2020. Two models were created, one for cases and one for deaths, utilizing a scaled Besag, York, Mollié model with Type I spatial-temporal interaction. Each model accounts for 16 social vulnerability and 7 environmental variables as fixed effects.