Cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among Hispanic/Latino residents of Indiana.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death for Hispanics in the USA. Screening and prevention reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This study administered a cross-sectional web-based survey to self-identified Hispanic residents in the state of Indiana to assess their cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as to identify what factors might be associated with cancer screening and prevention.

Empirical studies of escape behavior find mixed support for the race for life model.

Escape theory has been exceptionally successful in conceptualizing and accurately predicting effects of numerous factors that affect predation risk and explaining variation in flight initiation distance (FID; predator-prey distance when escape begins). Less explored is the relative orientation of an approaching predator, prey, and its eventual refuge. The relationship between an approaching threat and its refuge can be expressed as an angle we call the "interpath angle" or "Φ," which describes the angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey's refuge and thus expresses the degree to which prey must run toward an approaching predator.

Progression and stop organization reveals conservation of movement organization during dark exploration across rats and mice.

Spatial orientation is a ubiquitous feature of animal behavior. Environmental and self-movement cues are sources of information used to maintain spatial orientation. The literature has typically focused on differences between mice and rats using environmental cues to guide movement.

How Does Alcohol Consumption Affect Perceptions of One's Own and a Drinking Partner's Ability to Consent to Sexual Activity?

In this naturalistic study, our aim was to examine the extent to which alcohol consumption affected perceptions of one's own and one's friend's ability to consent to sexual activity. We surveyed 160 adult bargoers in pairs about their own and their friends' alcohol consumption, intoxication symptoms, and ability to consent to sexual activity. On average, participants reported consuming 4.

Functional characterization of the uracil transporter from honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.

The genome of the Honeybee bacterial pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, encodes for protein a with substantial amino acid sequence similarity to the canonical Escherichia coli uracil transporter UraA. P. larvae expresses the uracil permease (PlUP) locus, and is sensitive to the presence of the toxic uracil analog 5-fluorouracil under vegetative growth conditions.

The solute transport and binding profile of a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 from the honeybee pathogen .

Here, we report that a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 encoded in the genome of the honeybee bacterial pathogen reveals high levels of amino acid sequence similarity to the and uric acid and xanthine transporters. This transporter is named uric acid permease-like protein (PlUacP). Even though PlUacP displays overall amino acid sequence similarities, has common secondary structures, and shares functional motifs and functionally important amino acids with xanthine and uric acid transporters, these commonalities are insufficient to assign transport function to PlUacP.

Genomic Privacy.

Background: Genetic information is unique among all laboratory data because it not only informs the current health of the specific person tested but may also be predictive of the future health of the individual and, to varying degrees, all biological relatives.

Content: As DNA sequencing has become ubiquitous with decreasing cost, large repositories of genomic data have emerged from the domains of research, healthcare, law enforcement, international security, and recreational consumer interest (i.e.

Linear Self-Motion Cues Support the Spatial Distribution and Stability of Hippocampal Place Cells.

The vestibular system provides a crucial component of place-cell and head-direction cell activity [1-7]. Otolith signals are necessary for head-direction signal stability and associated behavior [8, 9], and the head-direction signal's contribution to parahippocampal spatial representations [10-14] suggests that place cells may also require otolithic information. Here, we demonstrate that self-movement information from the otolith organs is necessary for the development of stable place fields within and across sessions.

Influencing health decision-making: A study of colour and message framing.

Objective: Previous research has provided evidence that colour associations and frame can influence behavioural intentions to engage in vaccination behaviours. In this study, the extension of these effects to sunscreen application behaviours was investigated. Additional colours and the manner in which colour primes were employed were also explored.

Dimethyl fumarate attenuates reactive microglia and long-term memory deficits following systemic immune challenge.

Background: Systemic inflammation is associated with increased cognitive decline and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Microglia (MG) activated during systemic inflammation can cause exaggerated neuroinflammatory responses and trigger progressive neurodegeneration. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a FDA-approved therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Factors Affecting Population Dynamics of Thrips Vectors of Soybean vein necrosis virus.

Thrips-infesting soybeans were considered of minor economic importance, but recent evidence of their ability to transmit a newly identified soybean virus, Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), has raised their profile as pests. Season-long surveys were conducted using suction traps to determine the effects of temperature and precipitation on the spatiotemporal patterns of three vector species of SVNV, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (soybean thrips), Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (eastern flower thrips), and Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (tobacco thrips) in soybean fields in Indiana in 2013 and 2014. In addition, soybean fields were surveyed for presence of SVNV in both years.

"Technoference" and Implications for Mothers' and Fathers' Couple and Coparenting Relationship Quality.

Technology devices are widely used today, creating opportunities to connect and communicate with distant others while also potentially disrupting communication and interactions between those who are physically present (i.e., technoference or phubbing).

The solute transport profile of two Aza-guanine transporters from the Honey bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.

Two nucleobase transporters encoded in the genome of the Honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae belong to the azaguanine-like transporters and are referred to as PlAzg1 and PlAzg2. PlAzg1 and 2 display significant amino acid sequence similarity, and share predicted secondary structures and functional sequence motifs with two Escherichia coli nucleobase cation symporter 2 (NCS2) members: adenine permease (EcAdeP) and guanine-hypoxanthine permease EcGhxP. However, similarity does not define function.

The ABC transporter Rv1272c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances the import of long-chain fatty acids in Escherichia coli.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes tuberculosis, is capable of accumulating triacylglycerol (TAG) by utilizing fatty acids from host cells. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in transport processes in all organisms. Among the classical ABC transporters in Mtb none have been implicated in fatty acid import.

Convection induced by thermal gradients on thin reaction fronts.

We present a thin front model for the propagation of chemical reaction fronts in liquids inside a Hele-Shaw cell or porous media. In this model we take into account density gradients due to thermal and compositional changes across a thin interface. The front separating reacted from unreacted fluids evolves following an eikonal relation between the normal speed and the curvature.

Endosymbionts Differentially Alter Exploratory Probing Behavior of a Nonpersistent Plant Virus Vector.

Insect endosymbionts (hereafter, symbionts) can modify plant virus epidemiology by changing the physiology or behavior of vectors, but their role in nonpersistent virus pathosystems remains uninvestigated. Unlike propagative and circulative viruses, nonpersistent plant virus transmission occurs via transient contamination of mouthparts, making direct interaction between symbiont and virus unlikely. Nonpersistent virus transmission occurs during exploratory intracellular punctures with styletiform mouthparts when vectors assess potential host-plant quality prior to phloem feeding.

The mycobacterial Rv1551 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase enhances phospholipid biosynthesis in cell lysates of Escherichia coli.

Latent tuberculosis is caused by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that is phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics. Dormant Mtb accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) utilizing fatty acids obtained from macrophage lipid droplets. The Rv1551 (PlsB1) gene is annotated as a putative glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in the Mtb genome.

Hierarchical Archimedean copula models for the analysis of binary familial data.

Archimedean copulas are commonly used in a wide range of statistical models due to their simplicity, manageable analytical expressions, rich choices of generator functions, and other workable properties. However, the exchangeable dependence structure inherent to Archimedean copulas limits its application to familial data, where the dependence among family members is often different. When response variables are binary, modeling the familial associations becomes more challenging due to the stringent constraints imposed on the dependence parameters.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for reactivities of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals with aromatic contaminants through single-electron transfer pathway.

Sulfate radical anion (SO) and hydroxyl radical (OH) based advanced oxidation technologies has been extensively used for removal of aromatic contaminants (ACs) in waters. In this study, we investigated the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the single electron transfer (SET) reactions for 76 ACs with SO and OH, respectively. The result reveals that SO possesses greater propensity to react with ACs through the SET channel than OH.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: Genetic variations, clinical manifestations and therapeutic interventions.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is an acute phase secretory glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil proteases like elastase and is considered as the archetype of a family of structurally related serine-protease inhibitors termed serpins. Serum AAT predominantly originates from liver and increases three to five fold during host response to tissue injury and inflammation. The AAT deficiency is unique among the protein-misfolding diseases in that it causes target organ injury by both loss-of-function and gain-of-toxic function mechanisms.

Perceptual control models of pursuit manual tracking demonstrate individual specificity and parameter consistency.

Computational models that simulate individuals' movements in pursuit-tracking tasks have been used to elucidate mechanisms of human motor control. Whilst there is evidence that individuals demonstrate idiosyncratic control-tracking strategies, it remains unclear whether models can be sensitive to these idiosyncrasies. Perceptual control theory (PCT) provides a unique model architecture with an internally set reference value parameter, and can be optimized to fit an individual's tracking behavior.