Health Factors Associated With Development and Severity of Poststroke Dysphagia: An Epidemiological Investigation.

Background: Dysphagia after stroke is common and can impact morbidity and death. The purpose of this population-based study was to determine specific epidemiological and health risk factors that impact development of dysphagia after acute stroke.

Methods And Results: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cases from 2010 and 2015 were identified via chart review from the GCNKSS (Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study), a representative sample of ≈1.

Ankle-Brachial Index and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Community: The ARIC Study.

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant global public health problem accounting for 15% to 20% of all deaths. A great majority of SCD is associated with coronary heart disease, which may first be detected at autopsy. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, noninvasive measure of subclinical atherosclerosis.

The Dietary Fiber Inulin Slows Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) in a Rat Model of CKD.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) leads to fractures and cardiovascular disease. Observational studies suggest beneficial effects of dietary fiber on both bone and cardiovascular outcomes, but the effect of fiber on CKD-MBD is unknown. To determine the effect of fiber on CKD-MBD, we fed the Cy/+ rat with progressive CKD a casein-based diet of 0.

Pathophysiology of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-A Minireview.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect of antiresorptive medications administered for control of osseous malignancy, osteoporosis, or other bone metabolic diseases. Despite being reported in the literature two decades ago, MRONJ etiology, pathophysiology, and progression remain largely unknown, and current nonoperative or operative treatment strategies are mostly empirical. Several hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms of MRONJ pathogenesis have been proposed.

Treatment With Small Molecule Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End-Products Formation and Advanced Glycation End-Products-Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking Promotes Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Diabetic Mice.

Background Although diabetes attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), the mechanisms by which diabetes suppresses AAAs remain incompletely understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end- (AGEs) reduces extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in diabetes. Because ECM degradation is critical for AAA pathogenesis, we investigated whether AGEs mediate experimental AAA suppression in diabetes by blocking AGE formation or disrupting AGE-ECM cross-linking using small molecule inhibitors.

X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Caused by the Prevailing North American Variant c.*231A>G; Exon 13-15 Duplication Is Often Misdiagnosed as Ankylosing Spondylitis and Manifests in Both Men and Women.

Inactivating mutations of the gene coding for phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) cause X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). A novel variant, c.*231A>G; exon 13-15 duplication, has emerged as a common cause of XLH in North America, emphasizing the importance of delineating its clinical presentation.

Acute High Dietary Phosphorus Following Low-Phosphorus Diet Acclimation Does Not Enhance Intestinal Fractional Phosphorus Absorption in Nephrectomized Male Rats.

Dietary phosphorus restriction and phosphorus binders are commonly prescribed for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, occurrences of non-adherence to these interventions are common. As low-phosphorus (LP) diets have been consistently experimentally shown in vitro to increase intestinal phosphorus absorption efficiency, a bout of non-adherence to diet or binders may cause an unintended consequence of enhanced intestinal phosphorus absorption.

Duodenal mucosal resurfacing for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Content available: Author Interview and Audio Recording.

Sex and External Size Specific Limitations in Assessing Bone Health From Adult Hand Radiographs.

Morphological parameters measured for the second metacarpal from hand radiographs are used clinically for assessing bone health during growth and aging. Understanding how these morphological parameters relate to metacarpal strength and strength at other anatomical sites is critical for providing informed decision-making regarding treatment strategies and effectiveness. The goals of this study were to evaluate the extent to which 11 morphological parameters, nine of which were measured from hand radiographs, relate to experimentally measured whole-bone strength assessed at multiple anatomical sites and to test whether these associations differed between men and women.

Unusual Cortical Phenotype After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Osteopetrosis.

The osteopetroses are a group of rare genetic diseases caused by osteoclast dysfunction or absence. The hallmark of osteopetrosis is generalized increased bone mineral density (BMD). However, the bone is fragile and fractures are common.

Non-Additive Effects of Combined NOX1/4 Inhibition and Calcimimetic Treatment on a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD).

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) increases cardiovascular calcification and skeletal fragility in part by increasing systemic oxidative stress and disrupting mineral homeostasis through secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesized that treatments to reduce reactive oxygen species formation and reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels would have additive beneficial effects to prevent cardiovascular calcification and deleterious bone architecture and mechanics before end-stage kidney disease. To test this hypothesis, we treated a naturally progressive model of CKD-MBD, the Cy/+ rat, beginning early in CKD with the NADPH oxidase (NOX1/4) inhibitor GKT-137831 (GKT), the preclinical analogue of the calcimimetic etelcalcetide, KP-2326 (KP), and their combination.

The use of qualitative methods in venous thromboembolism research.

Introduction: Qualitative research has been increasingly used in health care research to allow in-depth insights and understanding of patients' lived experiences for poorly understood phenomena. The psychological stress mechanisms underlying fear, dyspnea, and pain after venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain poorly understood. However, novice VTE researchers may not be familiar with the process of undertaking qualitative research.

Chemical-induced aseptic meningitis as a result of intrathecal hydromorphone therapy: Case report.

Chemical meningitis, though rare, is a diagnosis of exclusion that must be considered in patients presenting with neurologic symptoms of undetermined cause. It is likely that any substance in contact with CSF can be the culprit.

Activation of AMPK sensitizes medulloblastoma to Vismodegib and overcomes Vismodegib-resistance.

Vismodegib, a Smoothened antagonist, is clinically approved for treatment of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC), in the clinical trials of medulloblastoma (MB) and other cancers. However, a significant proportion of these tumors fail to respond to Vismodegib after a period of treatment. Here, we find that AMPK agonists, A769662, and Metformin, can inhibit GLI1 activity and synergize with Vismodegib to suppress MB cell growth and .

Immature teratoma in an adolescent with Proteus syndrome: A novel association.

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a complex disorder characterized by variable clinical findings of overgrowth and tumor susceptibility. This report presents the first known association between PS and an ovarian germ cell tumor in an adolescent with immature teratoma. A review of the diagnosis of PS and associated tumors is included.

A brother and sister with the same karyotype: Case report of two siblings with partial 3p duplication and partial 9p deletion and sex reversal.

Two siblings with the same male unbalanced karyotype demonstrate sex reversal. The older sib appeared phenotypically female and the younger sib demonstrated a male gender. The female had gonadal dysgenesis with bilateral ovatestes.

Improving Bone Health by Optimizing the Anabolic Action of Wnt Inhibitor Multitargeting.

Sclerostin antibody (romosozumab) was recently approved for clinical use in the United States to treat osteoporosis. We and others have explored Wnt-based combination therapy to disproportionately improve the anabolic effects of sclerostin inhibition, including cotreatment with sclerostin antibody (Scl-mAb) and Dkk1 antibody (Dkk1-mAb). To determine the optimal ratio of Scl-mAb and Dkk1-mAb for producing maximal anabolic action, the proportion of Scl-mAb and Dkk1-mAb were systematically varied while holding the total antibody dose constant.

Flexible Scheduling Policy for Pregnant and New Parent Residents: A Descriptive Pilot Study.

Objectives: Many physicians complete residency training during optimal childbearing years. The literature shows that working nights or on call can lead to pregnancy complications including miscarriage, preterm labor, and preeclampsia. In addition, infant-parent bonding in the postpartum period is crucial for breastfeeding, health, and well-being.

The Effect of Single Versus Group μCT on the Detection of Trabecular and Cortical Disease Phenotypes in Mouse Bones.

Micro-computed tomography is a critical assessment tool for bone-related preclinical research, especially in murine models. To expedite the scanning process, researchers often image multiple bones simultaneously; however, it is unknown if this impacts scan quality and alters the ability to detect differences between experimental groups. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of multibone scanning on detecting disease-induced changes in bone microarchitecture and mineral density by group scanning two murine models with known skeletal defects: the model of osteogenesis imperfecta and an adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease.

Incipient resistance to an effective pesticide results from genetic adaptation and the canalization of gene expression.

The resistance of pest species to chemical controls has vast ecological, economic, and societal costs. In most cases, resistance is only detected after spreading throughout an entire population. Detecting resistance in its incipient stages, by comparison, provides time to implement preventative strategies.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanic Patients: Trends and Outcomes in a Large United States Cohort.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a strong racial and ethnic association, with Hispanic patients having a higher incidence and mortality. However, there are limited data regarding clinical features and outcomes. This study includes Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients with HCC diagnosed between January 2000 and June 2014 from five United States academic medical centers.

Exploratory Study of Autoantibody Profiling in Drug-Induced Liver Injury with an Autoimmune Phenotype.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) sometimes presents with an autoimmune hepatitis-like phenotype (AI-DILI), and it is challenging to distinguish it from autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We conducted a study to identify autoantibodies unique to AI-DILI by profiling serum autoantibodies. Autoantibodies were quantified using an autoantigen array containing 94 autoantigens from four groups: AI-DILI (n = 65), DILI controls (n = 67), AIH (n = 17), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 30).

Neurologic recovery in systemic nontraumatic fat embolism syndrome in an elderly patient with hemoglobin SC disease: A case report.

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome is an under-recognized yet well-known complication of bone marrow necrosis occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. We highlight a case manifested by multisystem organ failure in an elderly patient who attained neurologic recovery with prompt initiation of hematology consultation, RBC exchange, and supportive measures.