Utilizing KAP in Schools: An Evaluation of Educators' and Staff Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Trauma.

We examined differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to student trauma and trauma-informed practices among various educators and certified staff members in a United States, Midwestern school district. We examined three research questions: 1.) Are there significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices among teachers with differing years' experience? 2.

Educator Perspectives on Mental Health Supports at the Primary Level.

During the early years of formal education, young students develop a number of formative academic, motor, behavioral, and socioemotional skills that lay the foundation for future learning. Since student mental health in the early grades predicts academic achievement in later grades, mental health interventions are essential at the primary school level. Not only are teachers expected to provide academic instruction, they are now involved in providing students with mental health services, despite a lack of training to do so.

Shifting language for shifting anatomy: Using inclusive anatomical language to support transgender and nonbinary identities.

While navigating a medical or surgical gender transition, transgender, and nonbinary people encounter anatomical language and concepts through their own informal research on the topics and directly through healthcare providers. Use of appropriate and inclusive language is important for affirming identities and can be fostered at any point during professional training through modeling of inclusive language and in the formal curriculum, including during anatomical education. In this article we discuss anatomical language and how it intersects with gender identity, first from the perspective of a transgender patient, then from the perspective of an anatomy educator.

Peer review reduces spin in PCORI research reports.

Background: The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is obligated to peer review and to post publicly "Final Research Reports" of all funded projects. PCORI peer review emphasizes adherence to PCORI's Methodology Standards and principles of ethical scientific communication. During the peer review process, reviewers and editors seek to ensure that results are presented objectively and interpreted appropriately, e.

Mastering Stress: Mental Skills and Emotional Regulation for Surgical Performance and Life.

Mental skills and emotional regulation training are gaining acceptance in surgical education as vital elements of surgeon development. These skills can effectively enhance technical skill development, improve well-being, and promote career longevity. There is evidence emerging in the surgical education literature to support the incorporation of mental skills and emotional regulation training curricula in residency training.

Improving open and rigorous science: ten key future research opportunities related to rigor, reproducibility, and transparency in scientific research.

As part of a coordinated effort to expand research activity around rigor, reproducibility, and transparency (RRT) across scientific disciplines, a team of investigators at the Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington hosted a workshop in October 2019 with international leaders to discuss key opportunities for RRT research. The workshop aimed to identify research priorities and opportunities related to RRT. Over two-days, workshop attendees gave presentations and participated in three working groups: (1) Improving Education & Training in RRT, (2) Reducing Statistical Errors and Increasing Analytic Transparency, and (3) Looking Outward: Increasing Truthfulness and Accuracy of Research Communications.

Surgeon stress negatively affects their non-technical skills in the operating room.

Background: Poor surgeons' non-technical skills (NTS) and excessive stress and workload are known contributors to surgical errors. Our aim was to examine the relationship between surgeons' stress and workload, and their observed NTS intraoperatively.

Methods: Surgeon's NTS were rated in the operating room (OR) by trained observers.

Sexual Consent at First-Time Intercourse: Retrospective Reports from University Students in Canada and the United States.

Objectives: We investigated whether the context of first-time intercourse (FTI) was associated with internal consent feelings and external consent communication at FTI.

Method: College students ( = 1020) from universities in Canada and the United States retrospectively reported on their FTI.

Results: Using structural equation modeling, we found that the context of participants' FTI (e.

Developing Social Communication Skills Using Dual First-Person Video Recording Glasses: A Novel Intervention for Adolescents with Autism.

Adolescents with autism often experience pronounced difficulties with social communication, and novel interventions designed to improve core abilities are greatly needed. This study examines if providing immediate video feedback, an extension of video self-modeling, can aid adolescents with autism to self-identify strengths and irregularities from their social interactions. Using multiple baseline design across four participants, individuals engaged in naturalistic conversations wearing video recording glasses.

Value of sample size for computation of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) in multilevel modeling.

The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) can be useful for model selection within multilevel-modeling studies. However, the formula for the BIC requires a value for sample size, which is unclear in multilevel models, since sample size is observed for at least two levels. In the present study, we used simulated data to evaluate the rate of false positives and the power when the level 1 sample size, the effective sample size, and the level 2 sample size were used as the sample size value, under various levels of sample size and intraclass correlation coefficient values.

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Risky Sexual Behaviors in Black and White Young Adult Women.

Background: Trauma exposure has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB), but few studies have examined the impact of distinct trauma types on RSB in one model or how the association with trauma and RSB may differ across race.

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of trauma exposure types to RSB-substance-related RSB and partner-related RSB identified through factor analysis-in young Black and White adult women.

Methods: We investigated the associations of multiple trauma types and RSB factor scores in participants from a general population sample of young adult female twins (n = 2,948).

A Comparison Study of the Effect of Type of Grading on Clinical Simulation Performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether student performance in a simulation varied according to which grading method was used: pass/fail versus numerical grading with calculation into a course grade. Results showed that student performances were not significantly different when the pass/fail graded group was compared to the numerically graded group, even though students knew which grading schema would be used in their evaluation. The study challenges the opinion that students perform better when they know that they will be numerically graded in simulation.

Parent-Reported Repetitive Behavior in Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum.

Toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), which we found to have acceptable internal consistency. Stereotypical subscale scores showed a negligible association with cognitive level, but correlated more strongly with adaptive and social indicators. Relative to earlier reported RBS-R scores for older age groups, toddlers' scores trended toward higher stereotyped behavior and lower ritualistic/sameness behavior.

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine for the enhancement of social skills training in autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Researchers have demonstrated that d-cycloserine (DCS) can enhance the effects of behavioral interventions in adults with anxiety and enhances prosocial behavior in animal models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study extended upon this background by combining DCS with behavioral social skills therapy in youth with ASD to assess its impact on the core social deficits of ASD. We hypothesized that DCS used in combination with social skills training would enhance the acquisition of social skills in children with ASD.

The Association of Low Parental Monitoring With Early Substance Use in European American and African American Adolescent Girls.

Objective: Research indicates that low parental monitoring increases the risk for early substance use. Because low parental monitoring tends to co-occur with other familial and neighborhood factors, the specificity of the association is challenging to establish. Using logistic regression and propensity score analyses, we examined associations between low parental monitoring and early substance use in European American (EA) and African American (AA) girls, controlling for risk factors associated with low parental monitoring.

Parental Separation and Offspring Alcohol Involvement: Findings from Offspring of Alcoholic and Drug Dependent Twin Fathers.

Background: We examined associations between parental separation during childhood and offspring alcohol involvement, adjusting for genetic and environmental risks specific to parental alcohol (AD) and cannabis/other illicit drug dependence (DD).

Methods: The sample consisted of 1,828 offspring of male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry, who completed a telephone diagnostic interview. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted predicting onset of first use, transition from first use to first AD symptom, and transition from first use to AD diagnosis from paternal and avuncular AD and DD history, parental separation, and offspring and family background characteristics.

A competency-based approach to recruiting, developing, and giving feedback to department chairs.

Academic health centers (AHCs) are under unprecedented pressure, making strong leadership during these challenging times critical. Department chairs have tremendous influence in their AHCs, yet data indicate that--despite outstanding academic credentials--they are often underprepared to take on these important leadership roles. The authors sought to improve the approach to recruiting, developing, and giving feedback to department chairs at their institution, the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), by reorganizing these processes around six key leadership competencies: leadership and team development, performance and talent management, vision and strategic planning, emotional intelligence, communication skills, and commitment to the tripartite mission.

Alcohol dependence and reproductive timing in African and European ancestry women: findings in a midwestern twin cohort.

Objective: We examined associations between reproductive onset and history of alcohol dependence (AD) in 475 African ancestry (AA) and 2,865 European or other ancestry (EA) female twins.

Method: Participants were drawn from a U.S.

Parental separation and early substance involvement: results from children of alcoholic and cannabis dependent twins.

Background: Risks associated with parental separation have received limited attention in research on children of parents with substance use disorders. We examined early substance involvement as a function of parental separation during childhood and parental alcohol and cannabis dependence.

Method: Data were drawn from 1318 adolescent offspring of monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) Australian twin parents.

Effects of an individual work system on the independent functioning of students with autism.

This study examined the effects of a work system on the independent work and play skills of students with autism. Work systems, an element of structured teaching developed by Division TEACCH, are organized sets of visual information that inform a student about participation in work or play areas. A single subject withdrawal of treatment design, with replications across three participants, was used to assess the on-task behavior and work completion skills of the students in classroom and employment settings as a result of the intervention.