T-Shaped Wedge Resection of the Upper Eyelid: An Alternative to the Pentagonal Wedge.

Purpose: To report the experience with an alternative to the upper eyelid pentagonal wedge resection technique which results in improved cosmesis due to a greater alignment of incisions with relaxed skin tension lines.

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent the T-shaped wedge resection by the authors from 2009 to 2017. A horizontal eyelid crease incision is made across the upper eyelid skin.

The Impact of Storage Conditions on Stool Smellprints as Assessed by an Electronic Nose.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odoriferous compounds released as a byproduct of bacterial metabolism, can be used as a proxy for gut health. We hypothesized that patients with NEC would have different microbial profiles and elicit different VOC signatures as assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or an electronic nose compared to controls.

Leveraging Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) for community impact: what have we learned about how to make a difference.

Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) practitioners are increasingly engaged in projects meant to centre underserved communities and reduce inequities. The subdiscipline of E/HF that has emerged to explore the application of E/HF in this way is called community ergonomics. In this qualitative-descriptive study, we reflect on the progress made in the field of community ergonomics since its original conceptualisation in 1994.

'Why Did They Migrate Here'?: A Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Nurses' Motivations for Migration and Regional Relocation.

Aim: To explore migrant nurses' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for migration and regional relocation.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 17 migrant nurses working in a hospital in regional Australia.

Defining the Critical Requisites for Accurate Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics: Patient Characteristics and Data Collection Protocol.

Mathematical models of viral dynamics are crucial in understanding infection trajectories. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load data often includes limited sparse observations with significant heterogeneity. This study aims to: (1) understand the impact of patient characteristics in shaping the temporal viral load trajectory and (2) establish a data collection protocol (DCP) to reliably reconstruct individual viral load trajectories.

Lessons learned from 5 years of pegvaliase in US clinics: A case series.

Objective: To provide insights and strategies for pegvaliase management in challenging cases with phenylketonuria (PKU) based on the first 5 years of experience with pegvaliase in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Twelve PKU experts gathered during a one-day, in-person meeting to discuss clinical cases illustrating important lessons from their experiences treating patients with pegvaliase in real-world clinical practice. Challenges with pegvaliase experienced prior to and during treatment and corresponding strategies to overcome them were discussed.

Social contact patterns and their impact on the transmission of respiratory pathogens in rural China.

Introduction: Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens. Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns, yielding heterogeneous results across different locations. However, significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.

Two-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduces failure risk but leads to lesser clinical outcomes than single-stage revision after primary anterior cruciate ligament graft failure: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: There are no studies that compare the outcomes and complications of single-versus two-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) after primary ACLR failure. This purpose of this study is to examine clinical and functional outcomes and complications associated with single and two-stage revision ACLR after primary ACLR failure.

Methods: All patients who underwent single or two-stage revision ACLR after primary ACLR failure between 2012 and 2021 with a minimum of a 2 year follow-up were included.

Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in humans: role of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Purpose: Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Given that the sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular regulation, we hypothesized that alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (the main sympathetic receptor controlling peripheral vasoconstriction) may contribute to resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability.

Cannabidiol abrogates cue-induced anxiety associated with normalization of mitochondria-specific transcripts and linoleic acid in the nucleus accumbens shell.

Anxiety disorders are one of the top contributors to psychiatric burden worldwide. Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in the potential anxiolytic properties ascribed to cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of the Cannabis Sativa plant. This has led to several clinical trials underway to examine the therapeutic potential of CBD for anxiety disorders.

Baricitinib dose reduction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving sustained disease control: Final results from the RA-BEYOND study.

Objective: This study examines the impact of dose step-down in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved sustained disease control with baricitinib 4-mg once-daily up to 96-weeks.

Methods: Patients who completed a baricitinib phase 3 study could enter a long-term extension (LTE). In the LTE, patients who received baricitinib 4-mg for ≥15 months and maintained clinical disease activity index (CDAI) low disease activity (LDA) or remission (REM) were blindly randomized to continue 4-mg or taper to 2-mg.

CTLA4-Ig reduces muscle fiber damage in a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by attenuating pro-inflammatory gene expression in myeloid lineage cells.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, muscle-wasting, genetic disease that is greatly amplified by an immune response to the diseased muscles. The mdx mouse model of DMD was used to test whether the pathology can be reduced by treatments with a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein that blocks costimulatory signals required for activation of T-cells. CTLA4-Ig treatments reduced mdx sarcolemma lesions and reduced the numbers of activated T-cells, macrophages and antigen presenting cells in mdx muscle and reduced macrophage invasion into muscle fibers.

Validation of a Visual Field Prediction Tool for Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study Involving Patients with Glaucoma In the United Kingdom.

Purpose: A previously developed machine-learning approach with Kalman-filtering technology accurately predicted disease trajectory for patients with various glaucoma types and severities using clinical trials data. This study assesses performance of the KF approach with real-world data.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patient-Centered mHealth Intervention to Improve Self-Care in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Phase 1 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission in the United States. These hospitalizations are often driven by insufficient self-care. Commercial mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as consumer-grade apps and wearable devices, offer opportunities for improving HF self-care, but their efficacy remains largely underexplored.

Cervical dysplasia in women with HIV in the modern treat-all era: Elevated risk remains despite long-term ART and normal CD4 count.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of ART duration and CD4 count on risk for high grade cervical dysplasia in women with HIV (WWH) compared to women without HIV in the treat-all era with integrase strand inhibitors (INSTIs).

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study in Botswana.

Methods: From February 2021 to August 2022, baseline HPV self-sampling was offered to women with and without HIV.

Natural language processing to evaluate texting conversations between patients and healthcare providers during COVID-19 Home-Based Care in Rwanda at scale.

Community isolation of patients with communicable infectious diseases limits spread of pathogens but our understanding of isolated patients' needs and challenges is incomplete. Rwanda deployed a digital health service nationally to assist public health clinicians to remotely monitor and support SARS-CoV-2 cases via their mobile phones using daily interactive short message service (SMS) check-ins. We aimed to assess the texting patterns and communicated topics to better understand patient experiences.

Use of Telehealth for Follow-up Care After Children's Mental Health Hospitalizations.

Objectives: This study measured the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted follow-up care for children and adolescents with acute mental health hospitalizations and the use of telehealth to offset barriers to in-person follow-up care.

Methods: The study used statewide claims data from Alabama's Children's Health Insurance Program, ALL Kids, from 2017 to 2022. Logit regressions measured associations between receipt of follow-up care within 30 days of acute mental health hospitalization and patient characteristics, timing of the COVID-19 pandemic, and receipt of care via telehealth.

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Quorum sensing regulates virulence factors in the coral pathogen .

The bacterial pathogen causes disease in coral species worldwide. The mechanisms of coral colonization, coral microbiome interactions, and virulence factor production are understudied. In other model species, virulence factors like biofilm formation, toxin secretion, and protease production are controlled through a density-dependent communication system called quorum sensing (QS).

Predicting Alzheimer's disease subtypes and understanding their molecular characteristics in living patients with transcriptomic trajectory profiling.

Introduction: Deciphering the diverse molecular mechanisms in living Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is a big challenge but is pivotal for disease prognosis and precision medicine development.

Methods: Utilizing an optimal transport approach, we conducted graph-based mapping of transcriptomic profiles to transfer AD subtype labels from ROSMAP monocyte samples to ADNI and ANMerge peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subsequently, differential expression followed by comparative pathway and diffusion pseudotime analysis were applied to each cohort to infer the progression trajectories.