Mathematics Achievement in Women With and Without ADHD: Childhood Predictors and Developmental Trajectories Into Adulthood.

Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit impairments in mathematics, but long-term math development into adulthood, particularly in females, is underexplored. We characterized trajectories of math achievement in girls with ADHD and an age- and ethnicity-matched comparison sample from childhood through early adulthood across four waves and examined childhood cognitive predictors (global executive functioning, working memory, processing speed) of trajectories. The ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample comprised 140 girls with carefully diagnosed ADHD and 88 neurotypicals, ages 6 to 12 years at baseline.

Multi-view fusion of diffusion MRI microstructural models: a preterm birth study.

Objective: High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) models have emerged as a valuable tool for investigating microstructure with a higher degree of detail than standard diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI). In this study, we explored the potential of multiple advanced microstructural diffusion models for investigating preterm birth in order to identify non-invasive markers of altered white matter development.

Approach: Rather than focusing on a single MRI modality, we studied on a compound of HARDI techniques in 46 preterm babies studied on a 3T scanner at term-equivalent age and in 23 control neonates born at term.

Correction: Investigating the Best Practices for Engagement in Remote Participatory Design: Mixed Methods Analysis of 4 Remote Studies With Family Caregivers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/60353.].

Light-dependent modulation of protein localization and function in living bacteria cells.

Most bacteria lack membrane-enclosed organelles and rely on macromolecular scaffolds at different subcellular locations to recruit proteins for specific functions. Here, we demonstrate that the optogenetic CRY2-CIB1 system from Arabidopsis thaliana can be used to rapidly direct proteins to different subcellular locations with varying efficiencies in live Escherichia coli cells, including the nucleoid, the cell pole, the membrane, and the midcell division plane. Such light-induced re-localization can be used to rapidly inhibit cytokinesis in actively dividing E.

The impact of maximum cross-sectional area of lesion on predicting the early therapeutic response of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Early evaluation of culture conversion after 6-month treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is vital for outcome prediction. This study aims to merge the maximum lesion cross-sectional area observed via computed tomography (CT) imaging during treatment to predict therapeutic response.

Methods: We retrospectively involved MDR-TB patients who completed 6 months of treatment from two hospitals.

"Informed" consent? Ethical considerations for clinicians using therapy-matching platforms.

Mental health care in the United States is prohibitively difficult to access. Barriers of entry include a shortage of providers, high cost of services, insufficient insurance coverage, and layers of bureaucracy. This problem of low supply and high demand created a unique environment for capitalist problem solvers to enter the therapeutic market, via "therapy-matching platforms.

Microbiome composition and turnover in the face of complex lifecycles and bottlenecks: insights through the study of dung beetles.

Unlabelled: Microbiome composition and function often change throughout a host's life cycle, reflecting shifts in the ecological niche of the host. The mechanisms that establish these relationships are therefore important dimensions of host ecology and evolution; yet, their nature remains poorly understood. Here, we sought to investigate the microbial communities associated with the complex life cycle of the dung beetle and the relative contributions of host life stage, sex, and environment in determining microbiome assembly.

Cigarette Smoking Trajectories of US Young Adults by Sex.

Introduction: While cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States (US), nearly one-fifth of young adults continue to smoke cigarettes, however, the prevalence remains higher in males than females.

Methods: The restricted panel data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study from 1976-2020 (n=24,293) was used. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was fit to the data for each sex (male/female), where groups were determined by cigarette smoking (yes/no) from the base year through the six biennial follow-up questionnaires.

Nurturance, Eroticism, and Relationship Satisfaction Among People in Monogamous and Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships.

Satisfying romantic relationships often feature high levels of nurturance and eroticism. Consensually non-monogamous (CNM) individuals may experience these with additional partners, potentially reducing the need for both to be present in a primary relationship to achieve satisfaction. We assessed how nurturance and eroticism relate to relationship satisfaction in single-partnered ( = 289) and multi-partnered ( = 335) individuals.

Modelling indoor radical chemistry during the HOMEChem campaign.

In the indoor environment, occupants are exposed to air pollutants originating from continuous indoor sources and exchange with the outdoor air, with the highest concentration episodes dominated by activities performed indoors such as cooking and cleaning. Here we use the INdoor CHEMical model in Python (INCHEM-Py) constrained by measurements from the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign, to investigate the impact of a bleach cleaning event and cooking on indoor air chemistry. Measurements of the concentrations of longer-lived organic and inorganic compounds, as well as measured photolysis rates, have been used as input for the model, and the modelled hydroxyl (OH) radicals, hydroperoxyl radicals, and nitrous acid (HONO) concentrations compared to the measured values.

Preliminary findings regarding the association between patient demographics and ED experience scores across a regional health system: A cross sectional study using natural language processing of patient comments.

Objective: Existing literature shows associations between patient demographics and reported experiences of care, but this relationship is poorly understood. Our objective was to use natural language processing of patient comments to gain insight into associations between patient demographics and experiences of care.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 14,848 unique emergency department (ED) patient visits from 1/1/2020 to 12/31/2020.

Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity.

Importance: Gestational diabetes (GD) is linked to health risks for the birthing parent and infant. The outcomes of GD on human milk composition are mostly unknown.

Objective: To determine associations between GD, the human milk metabolome, and infant growth and body composition.

Concentration toward the mode: Estimating changes in the shape of a distribution of student data.

When making comparisons between groups of students, a common technique is to analyze whether there are statistically significant differences between the means of each group. This convention, however, is problematic when data are negatively skewed and bounded against a performance ceiling, features that are typical of data in education settings. In such a situation, we might be particularly interested to observe group differences in the left tail, specifically among students who have room to improve, and conventional analyses of group means have limitations for detecting such differences.

Gender matters for daily depression: Symptom fluctuations and links to self-expression.

Background: Depression is a global health burden, disproportionately affecting women. A lack of contextual, real-life assessments considering the oft-gendered context (e.g.

Tunable synthesis of heteroleptic zirconium-based porous coordination cages.

Zirconium-based porous coordination cages have been widely studied and have shown to be potentially useful for many applications as a result of their tunability and stability, likely as a result of their status as a molecular equivalent to the small 8 Å tetrahedral pores of UiO-66 (Zr(μ-O)(μ-OH)(COH)). Functional groups attached to these molecular materials endow them with a range of tunable properties. While so-called multivariate MOFs containing multiple types of functional groups on different bridging ligands within a structure are common, incorporating multiple functional moieties in permanently microporous molecular materials has proved challenging.

Parallel development of social behavior in biological and artificial fish.

Our algorithmic understanding of vision has been revolutionized by a reverse engineering paradigm that involves building artificial systems that perform the same tasks as biological systems. Here, we extend this paradigm to social behavior. We embodied artificial neural networks in artificial fish and raised the artificial fish in virtual fish tanks that mimicked the rearing conditions of biological fish.

Insights From Art Therapists on Using AI-Generated Art in Art Therapy: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life, there is a growing interest among designers and practitioners in incorporating AI into their fields. In health care domains like art therapy, AI is also becoming a subject of exploration. However, the use of AI in art therapy is still undergoing investigation, with its benefits and challenges being actively explored.

Biomechanical differences and variability during sustained motorized treadmill running versus outdoor overground running using wearable sensors.

This study aimed to compare running biomechanics and biomechanical variability across 3 run segments and between conditions for 5-km outdoor overground and indoor treadmill running. Seventy-one recreationally-active adults (31F, 40 M; age: 37 ± 11 years; body mass index: 22.9 ± 2.

Investigating the Best Practices for Engagement in Remote Participatory Design: Mixed Methods Analysis of 4 Remote Studies With Family Caregivers.

Background: Digital health interventions are a promising method for delivering timely support to underresourced family caregivers. The uptake of digital health interventions among caregivers may be improved by engaging caregivers in participatory design (PD). In recent years, there has been a shift toward conducting PD remotely, which may enable participation by previously hard-to-reach groups.

Return-to-Learn for the K-12 Student: a Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Objective: Our aim was to perform a systematic review of Return-to-Learn literature with the intent of determining what items are necessary to form a comprehensive Return-to-Learn policy.

Data Sources: We searched CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and WorldWideScience.org using 25 search terms including return to learn, adolescents, concussion management, concussion AND children, concussion AND department of education, concussion AND secondary schools, concussion AND middle school, concussion AND primary school, concussion AND policy AND procedures, concussion AND 504 plans.