Dietary Modification Patterns and Interventions Among Weight Loss Seekers in Tamil Nadu, South India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Intermittent Fasting and Alternative Dietary Approaches.

Background The escalating global obesity epidemic requires comprehensive investigations for effective weight management strategies. Understanding the patterns, barriers, and facilitators of dietary interventions is crucial for developing effective weight management protocols. This research aims to assess dietary modification interventions among weight loss subjects in Tamilnadu, South India.

A cross-sectional study to estimate the cost of managing patients with acute on chronic liver failure at a tertiary care centre.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life threatening disease. This study seeks to identify factors that contribute to greater financial burden in ACLF.

Methods: In total, 55 patients were included.

DLCDroid an android apps analysis framework to analyse the dynamically loaded code.

To combat dynamically loaded code in anti-emulated environments, DLCDroid is an Android app analysis framework. DL-CDroid uses the reflection API to effectively identify information leaks due to dynamically loaded code within malicious apps, incorporating static and dynamic analysis techniques. The Dynamically Loaded Code (DLC) technique employs Java features to allow Android apps to dynamically expand their functionality at runtime.

Unveiling the risk of marine litter and derelict fishing gear in remote coral reefs of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, North Indian Ocean.

An increasing amount of plastic litter and derelict fishing gear in the global oceans poses significant threats to corals and reef-associated marine biota. In this context, an underwater marine litter survey was conducted along the fringing coral reefs in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands- a remote archipelago in the Bay of Bengal, Northern Indian Ocean. The result revealed entanglement and smothering of coral colonies by plastic and derelict fishing gear.

The prevalence and burden of musculoskeletal disorders amongst Indigenous people in Pimicikamak, northern Manitoba, Canada: A community health survey.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of spine symptoms and spine disability, self-care and care seeking behaviors in a random sample of Indigenous adults residing in Cross Lake, northern Manitoba, Canada.

Study Design And Setting: Orally administered survey in Cree or English to a representative sample of Pimicikamak citizens from the treaty ( = 150/1931 houses) and non-treaty ( = 20/92 houses) land, between May and July 2023. Questions ( = 154) were derived from the 2018 First Nations Regional Health Survey, 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey, and 2021 The Global Burden of Disease study, covering demographics, spine symptoms, chronic conditions, activity limitations, general health, self-care, medication, and satisfaction with care.

Assessment of microplastics and associated ecological risk in the longest river (Godavari) of peninsular India: A comprehensive source-to-sink analysis in water, sediment and fish.

Persistent microplastics (MPs) accumulation in the aqueous environments is considered a threat to the ecosystem, potentially harming aquatic species and human health. In view of the escalating problem of MPs pollution in India, a comprehensive investigation of MPs accumulation in major riverine systems is necessary. The current study aims to estimate MPs abundance in surface water, sediment, and fish samples along the entire stretch of Godavari, the largest river in peninsular India.

Investigating the Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements in Water Systems impacted with Anthropogenic Pollutants.

A wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), residual pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, are present in various water systems, many of which strongly drive the proliferation and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), heightening the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis and creating a critical challenge for environmental and health management worldwide. This study addresses the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on AMR through an extensive analysis of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in urban wastewater, source water, and drinking water supplies in India. Results indicated that bla and bla were the dominant ARGs across all water systems, underscoring the prevalence and dominance of resistance against β-lactam antibiotics.

Unveiling the P-solubilizing potential of bacteria enriched from natural colonies of Red Sea Trichodesmium spp.

Phosphorus (P) is pivotal for all organisms, yet its availability is, particularly in the marine habitat, limited. Natural, puff-shaped colonies of Trichodesmium, a genus of diazotrophic cyanobacteria abundant in the Red Sea, have been demonstrated to capture and centre dust particles. While this particle mining strategy is considered to help evade nutrient limitation, details behind the mechanism remain elusive.

Comparison of sample characteristics of Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants with the Wisconsin state population-An evaluation of the recruitment effort.

Introduction: Understanding how a research sample compares to the population from which it is drawn can help inform future recruitment planning. We compared the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC) participant sample to the Wisconsin state population (WI-pop) on key demographic, social exposome, and vascular risk measures.

Methods: The WADRC sample included 930 participants.

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Vascular cognitive impairment, 7th edition practice guidelines update, 2024.

The Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSPR) 7th edition includes this new module on the diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) with or without neurodegenerative disease. An expert writing group and people with VCI lived experience (PWLE) reviewed current evidence. Existing recommendations were reviewed and revised, and new recommendations added.

Uptake and safety of Sotrovimab for prevention of severe COVID-19 in a cohort and self-controlled case series study.

Background: Sotrovimab is a neutralising monoclonal antibody (nMAB) currently available to treat extremely clinically vulnerable COVID-19 patients in England. Trials have shown it to have mild to moderate side effects, however, evidence regarding its safety in real-world settings remains insufficient.

Methods: Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate uptake, and a self-controlled case series analysis performed to measure the risk of hospital admission (hospitalisation) associated with 49 pre-specified suspected adverse outcomes in the period 2-28 days post-Sotrovimab treatment among eligible patients treated between December 11, 2021 and May 24, 2022.

Revised definition of obesity in Asian Indians living in India.

Aim: The prevailing guidelines for obesity in Asian Indians, published in 2009, relied solely on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Recognizing the limitations of BMI in accurately diagnosing obesity and the emergence of new research revealing the association between generalized and abdominal adiposity in Asian Indians and early-onset co-morbid diseases, a comprehensive redefinition was needed.

Method: In a Delphi process focused on obesity in India, experts were invited via email to participate in five rounds.

Ultrasonic assisted enzymolysis based modification of native banana starch - A comprehensive analyses of the structural, morphological, rheological and textural properties.

Native banana starch (NS) has few limitations, such as poor solubility, low resistance to shear, temperature, and inconsistent retrogradation. This study investigates the effects of mono (α-amylase, pullulunase) and sequential enzymatic modifications of NS along with the application of ultrasound to enhance its functional attributes. Starch modified with α-amylase alone and along with ultrasound resulted the lowest amylose (20.

Unexpected Discrepancies in the Histopathological and Microbiological Diagnoses of Suspected Mucormycosis Cases at a South Indian Tertiary Care Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction Mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order, namely Rhizopus, Lichthemia, andMucor species. The incidence and prevalence of mucormycosis reached an all-time high during the COVID-19 pandemic due to excessive steroid use and other factors, leading to the coining of the term CAM (COVID Associated Mucormycosis). The diagnosis of mucormycosis is by a combination of histopathology and microbiological techniques, such as KOH mount and culture.

Understanding the Medical Education Experiences of Low-Income Students Through a Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Lens: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background: Diversity in the physician workforce is critical for quality patient care. Students from low-income backgrounds represent an increasing proportion of medical school matriculants, yet little research has addressed their medical school experiences.

Objective: To explore the medical school experiences of students from low-income backgrounds using a modified version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (physiologic, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization) as a theoretical framework.

Assessing Training Needs and Self-Efficacy of Hospital Administrators in Western India.

Introduction: Effective training is required to enhance hospital administrators' abilities and improve performance. This study evaluates the training needs and their association with the self-efficacy of hospital administrators in public and private hospitals in Western India.

Methodology: This study evaluated the training needs of hospital administrators using a survey-based methodology and a descriptive cross-sectional design.

Structural and functional analysis of rhizospheric bacterial diversity in the Pranmati basin, Himalayan critical zone observatory.

The study explores the structural and functional dynamics of rhizospheric bacterial diversity in the Pranmati basin, focusing on their ecological significance, diversity, and functional roles across dominant vegetation types; Rhododendron arboreum, Myrica esculenta, and Quercus leucotrichophora. The research provides critical insights into soil health and ecosystem functioning by analysing rhizospheric soil properties among the selected vegetations. The research findings reveal that Myrica esculenta exhibits the highest root colonization (95.

Impact of Stress on Premenstrual Syndrome Among Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition affecting young women, characterized by emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. Stress is believed to exacerbate PMS symptoms, yet the relationship between stress and PMS remains underexplored in the Indian context, particularly among young women in urban areas like Ahmedabad. This study aims to assess the impact of stress on PMS among young women aged 18-21 years residing in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Adaptive capacity and attainment of the sustainable development goals in local communities of India.

India's progress vis-à-vis the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has stagnated since 2020. The consequences of the non-attainment of the SDGs can be severe. Therefore, questions arise as to what steps must be taken to accelerate progress in India's SDG attainment.

Breaking the resistance: integrative approaches with novel therapeutics against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of anti-microbial resistance in healthcare-associated infections that have posed a severe threat to neonatal and wider community. The escalating crises of antibiotic resistance have compelled researchers to explore an innovative arsenal beginning from natural resources to chemical modifications in order to overcome the ever-increasing resistance issues. The present review highlights the drug discovery efforts with a special focus on cutting-edge strategies in the hunt for potential drug candidates against MDR/XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Regulating the regulators: long non-coding RNAs as autophagic controllers in chronic disease management.

The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and their associated morbidities demands a deeper understanding of underlying mechanism and causative factors, with the hope of developing novel therapeutic strategies. Autophagy, a conserved biological process, involves the degradation of damaged organelles or protein aggregates to maintain cellular homeostasis. Disruption of this crucial process leads to increased genomic instability, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial functions, and suppression of ubiquitination, leading to overall decline in quality of intracellular components.

Development of a Visible-Near Infrared Projected Multispectral Imaging System for Intraoperative Breast Tumor Margin Assessment.

A visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) projected multispectral imaging (Proj-MSI) system consisting of an MSI subsystem and a compact projector for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment was developed. MSI with an average spectral resolution of 24 nm was realized through sequential illumination of 26 sets of VIS-NIR light-emitting diodes and synchronized single NIR-sensitive camera image capture. Rapid (~1 min) tumor margin delineation revealed significantly (p < 0.

Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% vs. Dorzolamide 2%/Timolol 0.5% in Indian Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Randomized Phase 3 Study.

Introduction Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have the potential in glaucoma management to improve efficacy due to the complementary mechanism of action of the drugs as well as compliance while reducing adverse effects by minimizing exposure to preservatives and the financial burden on the patients. FDC of brinzolamide/timolol has demonstrated efficacy and safety in multinational phase 3 studies in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension. However, efficacy and safety in the Indian population are not known.

Deciphering new insights into copy number variations as drivers of genomic diversity and adaptation in farm animal species.

The basis of all improvement in (re)production performance of animals and plants lies in the genetic variation. The underlying genetic variation can be further explored through investigations using molecular markers including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite, and more recently structural variants like copy number variations (CNVs). Unlike SNPs, CNVs affect a larger proportion of the genome, making them more impactful vis-à-vis variation at the phenotype level.

Discovery of novel hybrid tryptamine-rivastigmine molecules as potent AChE and BChE inhibitors exhibiting multifunctional properties for the management of Alzheimer's disease.

Contemporary research evidence has corroborated a gradual loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This progressive deterioration leads to cognitive dysfunction and impaired motor activity, culminating in the brain cell's death in the disease. The approved drugs for AD treatment can only offer relief from symptoms without addressing the underlying pathological hallmarks of the disease.