Limb-related sensory prediction errors and task-related performance errors facilitate human sensorimotor learning through separate mechanisms.

The unpredictable nature of our world can introduce a variety of errors in our actions, including sensory prediction errors (SPEs) and task performance errors (TPEs). SPEs arise when our existing internal models of limb-environment properties and interactions become miscalibrated due to changes in the environment, while TPEs occur when environmental perturbations hinder achievement of task goals. The precise mechanisms employed by the sensorimotor system to learn from such limb- and task-related errors and improve future performance are not comprehensively understood.

Stimuli Responsive Molecular Exchange of Structure Directing Agents on Gold Nanobipyramids: Cancer Cell Detection and Synergistic Therapeutics.

Surface-engineered gold nanoparticles have been considered as versatile systems for theranostics applications. Moreover, surface covering or stabilizing agents on gold nanoparticles especially gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) provides an extra space for cargo molecules entrapment. However, it is not well studied yet and also the preparation of AuNBPs still remains dependent largely on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cytotoxic surfactant.

Application of genome editing in plant reproductive biology: recent advances and challenges.

This comprehensive review underscores the application of genome editing in plant reproductive biology, including recent advances and challenges associated with it. Genome editing (GE) is a powerful technology that has the potential to accelerate crop improvement by enabling efficient, precise, and rapid engineering of plant genomes. Over the last decade, this technology has rapidly evolved from the use of meganucleases (homing endonucleases), zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases to the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas), which has emerged as a popular GE tool in recent times and has been extensively used in several organisms, including plants.

Substitution Effects on Subcellular Organelle Localization in Live-cell Imaging.

A series of D-π-A indole-containing fluorescent probes were developed, followed by an investigation of their photophysical properties and compounds' suitability for subcellular imaging in living cells. We demonstrate that the preference for mitochondrial localization was lost when morpholine was substituted, resulting in the accumulation of the molecule in the lysosomes. However, interestingly, the presence of a nitro group led to their localization within the lipid droplets despite the presence of the morpholine pendant.

Activity-induced diffusion recovery in crowded colloidal suspensions.

We show that the forces generated by active enzyme molecules are strong enough to influence the dynamics of their surroundings under artificial crowded environments. We measured the behavior of polymer microparticles in a quasi-two-dimensional system under aqueous environment, at various area fraction values of particles. In the presence of enzymatic activity, not only was the diffusion of the suspended particles enhanced at shorter time-scales, but the system also showed a transition from subdiffusive to diffusive dynamics at longer time-scale limits.

Iron Nano Biocomposite-Infused Biopolymeric Films: A Multifunctional Approach for Robust Skin Repair.

Sodium alginate (SA) biopolymeric films have various limitations such as poor mechanical properties, high vapor permeability, lack of antibacterial activity, excessive burst release, and weak cell adhesion. To overcome these limitations, a strategy involving the integration of nanofillers into an SA film matrix is explored. In this context, a cost-effective iron-containing carbon nano biocomposite (FeCNB) nanofiller is developed using a solvent-free technique.

Role of Unimers to Polymersomes Transition in Pluronic Blends for Controlled and Designated Drug Conveyance.

This study investigates the nanoscale self-assembly from mixtures of two symmetrical poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-pol(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers (BCPs) with different lengths of PEO blocks and similar PPO blocks. The blended BCPs (commercially known as Pluronic F88 and L81, with 80 and 10% PEO, respectively) exhibited rich phase behavior in an aqueous solution. The relative viscosity (η) indicated significant variations in the flow behavior, ranging from fluidic to viscous, thereby suggesting a possible micellar growth or morphological transition.

In spite of patriarchy: Pathways from school to wage work and careers among adolescent girls in Bihar.

Background: In the context of rural Bihar where few women work outside the home, what scope do adolescent girls and young women have to transition into wage work and careers? While the mobility of girls is still widely restricted to secure their marriageability, the spread of higher schooling and the internet has inflated aspirations and levelled them out across boys, girls and social classes.

Methods: The present study drew on 45 focus group discussions and 73 in-depth interviews among adolescent girls and young women and related stakeholders to develop 32 cases of transitioning girls across four districts of rural Bihar in India. The qualitative data were collected in 2022 and analysed using a combination of thematic and comparative narrative analyses.

Nonsilyl Bicyclic Secondary Amine Catalysts for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes.

The first chiral synthesis of nonsilyl bicyclic secondary amine organocatalysts and their application to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are disclosed. A lower catalytic loading (5 mol %) is demonstrated for the reduction of a wide range of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (up to 97% yield and up to 99% ). The application of this scalable methodology is showcased for the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive molecules such as phenoxanol, citronellol, ramelteon, and terikalant.

Navigating the challenges and exploring the perspectives associated with emerging novel biomaterials.

The field of biomaterials is a continuously evolving interdisciplinary field encompassing biological sciences, materials sciences, chemical sciences, and physical sciences with a multitude of applications realized every year. However, different biomaterials developed for different applications have unique challenges in the form of biological barriers, and addressing these challenges simultaneously is also a challenge. Nevertheless, immense progress has been made through the development of novel materials with minimal adverse effects such as DNA nanostructures, specific synthesis strategies based on supramolecular chemistry, and modulating the shortcomings of existing biomaterials through effective functionalization techniques.

Photoredox Catalysis by 21-Thiaporphyrins: A Green and Efficient Approach for C-N Borylation and C-H Arylation.

Photoredox catalysis provides a green and sustainable alternative for C-H activation of organic molecules that eludes harsh conditions and use of transition metals. The photocatalytic C-N borylation and C-H arylation mostly depend on the ruthenium and iridium complexes or eosin Y and the use of porphyrin catalysts is still in infancy. A series of novel 21-thiaporphyrins (AB and AB type) were synthesized having carbazole/phenothiazine moieties at their meso-positions and screened as catalysts for C-N borylation and C-H arylation.

Evodiamine and its nano-based approaches for enhanced cancer therapy: recent advances and challenges.

Evodiamine is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Evodia rutaecarpa plant. It has various pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-depressant, and cardiac protective properties. Evodiamine demonstrates potent anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Studies on Methylpyrazole-Substituted Benzimidazoles to Target Infection through IMPDH Inhibition.

The prevalence of infection has been increasing rapidly due to the genetic heterogeneity and antibacterial resistance shown by the bacteria, affecting over 50% of the world population and over 80% of the Indian population, in particular. In this regard, novel drug targets are currently being explored, one of which is the crucial metabolic enzyme inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) involved in the nucleotide biosynthesis pathway, in order to combat the infection and devise efficient therapeutic strategies. The present study reports the development of methylpyrazole-substituted benzimidazoles as small molecule inhibitors of IMPDH with a nanomolar range of enzyme inhibition.

Creativity is motivated by novelty. Curiosity is triggered by uncertainty.

Although creativity and curiosity can be similarly construed as knowledge-building processes, their underlying motivation is fundamentally different. Specifically, curiosity drives organisms to seek information that reduces uncertainty so that they can make a better prediction about the world. On the contrary, creative processes aim to connect distant pieces of information, maximizing novelty and utility.

Sources and processes affecting the abundances of atmospheric NH using δN over northwestern Indo-Gangetic plain.

Ammonia (NH) is the major constituent among all the reactive nitrogen species present in the atmosphere, and the most essential species for secondary inorganic aerosol formation. Recent satellite-based observations have identified the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) as a major hotspot of global NH emission; however, the major sources and atmospheric processes affecting its abundance are poorly understood. The present study aims to understand the wintertime sources of NH over a semi-urban site (Patiala, 30.

Engineered microbubbles decorated with red emitting carbon nanoparticles for efficient delivery and imaging.

Altering the route of uptake by the cells is an attractive strategy to overcome drug-receptor adaptation problems. Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with emission beyond tissue autofluorescence for imaging biological tissues were used to study the phenomenon of uptake by the cells. In this regard, red-emitting carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized and incorporated onto lipid microbubbles (MBs).

Vacancy Rich TiB Nanosheets Promote Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis.

The ability to exfoliate transition metal diborides has led to a renewed interest in their prospect to be applied as catalysts for electrochemical reactions. This is due to an enhanced access to the unprecedented interfaces these nanomaterials offer. In this work, we show that nanosheets exfoliated from TiB exhibit vacancies that facilitate an excellent interface for catalyzing nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).

Detecting labile heme and ferroptosis through 'turn-on' fluorescence and lipid droplet localization post Fe sensing.

Iron, a crucial biologically active ion essential for metabolic processes in living organisms, plays a vital role in biological functions, and imbalances in iron levels can lead to various diseases. In this study, we have developed two simple "turn-on" fluorescent probes, NOPy and NOCN, for the quick and selective detection of Fe at nanomolar levels (LOD of 35 nM), accompanied by significant absorption and emission shifts, along with colorimetric demarcation. Both fluorophores exhibit an excellent "turn-on" emission response upon encountering Fe in the cells.

A lateralized motor network in order to understand adaptation to visuomotor rotation.

The functional asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres in language and spatial processing is well documented. However, a description of difference in control between the two hemispheres in motor function is not well established. Our primary objective in this study was to examine the distribution of control in the motor hierarchy and its variation across hemispheres.

Fast current-induced skyrmion motion in synthetic antiferromagnets.

Magnetic skyrmions are topological magnetic textures that hold great promise as nanoscale bits of information in memory and logic devices. Although room-temperature ferromagnetic skyrmions and their current-induced manipulation have been demonstrated, their velocity has been limited to about 100 meters per second. In addition, their dynamics are perturbed by the skyrmion Hall effect, a motion transverse to the current direction caused by the skyrmion topological charge.

Exploring structure-property landscape of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells.

We present a comprehensive analysis of the structure-property relationship in small molecule non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) featuring an acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration employing state-of-the-art quantum chemical computational methods. Our focus lies in the strategic functionalization of halogen groups at the terminal positions of NFAs as an effective means to mitigate non-radiative voltage losses and augment photovoltaic and photophysical properties relevant to organic solar cells. Through photophysical studies, we observe a bathochromic shift in the visible region for all halogen-functionalized NFAs, except type-2, compared to the unmodified compound.

Biomaterials for Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cancer.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important sub-cellular organelles which controls myriads of biological functions including protein biosynthesis with proper functional folded form, protein misfolding, protein transport into Golgi body for secretion, Ca homeostasis and so on. Subsequently, dysregulation in ER function leads to ER stress followed by disease pathology like cancer. Hence, targeting ER in the cancer cells emerged as one of the futuristic strategies for cancer treatment.

Genome wide characterization and expression analysis of gene family in wheat unravels their roles in development and stress-specific responses.

() genes encode a subfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLK) that regulate diverse processes during plant growth, development, and stress responses. The first CrRLK1L was identified from the , commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle. Subsequently, CrRLK1L gene families have been characterized in many plants.

Liquid Marbles and Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfacial Aspects and Dynamics of Formation: A Review.

Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets encapsulated with powders presenting varied roughness and wettability. These LMs have garnered a lot of attention due to their dual properties of leakage-free and quick transport on both solid and liquid surfaces. These droplets are in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state sitting on both roughness and air pockets existing between particles.

Vortex flow induced self-assembly in CsPbI rods leads to an improved electrical response towards external analytes.

We present a facile and versatile strategy for enabling CsPbI rods to self-assemble at an air-water interface. The CsPbI rods, which float at the air-water interface, align under the influence of the rotational flow field due to the vortex motion of a water subphase. The aligned CsPbI rods could be transferred onto various substrates without involving any sophisticated instrumentation.