Decoding the plant clock: a review of mathematical models for the circadian regulatory network.

Most organisms have evolved specific mechanisms to respond to changes in environmental conditions such as light and temperature over the course of day. These periodic changes in the physiology and behaviour of organisms, referred to as circadian rhythms, are a consequence of intricate molecular mechanisms in the form of transcription and translational feedback loops. The plant circadian regulatory network is a complex web of interconnected feedback loops involving various transcription factors such as CCA1, LHY, PRRs, TOC1, LUX, ELF3, ELF4, RVE8, and more.

Fluorescent -oxides: applications in bioimaging and sensing.

-Oxides, due to their zwitterionic nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds through the oxide ion, are highly water-soluble and widely used in biological and pharmacological studies. The -oxide structural scaffold is introduced into molecules, enabling "" fluorescence an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. This process occurs when the N-O bond is cleaved, either through an enzymatic reaction under hypoxic conditions or by using Fe(II), which allows rapid and selective detection of Fe(II) at nanomolar concentrations both and .

G-quadruplexes in long non-coding RNAs and their interactions with proteins.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of cellular processes, with their dysregulation linked to various disease states. Among the structural motifs in lncRNAs, RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) have gained increasing attention due to their diverse roles in cellular function and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of rG4s in lncRNAs, elucidating their formation, interaction with proteins, and distinctive roles in cellular processes.

Cellular uptake and viability switching in the properties of lipid coated carbon quantum dots for potential bioimaging and therapeutics.

Carbon quantum dots derived from mango leaves exhibited red fluorescence. These negatively charged particles underwent coating with the positively charged lipid molecule -[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-,,-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). However, the bioconjugate displayed reduced uptake compared to the standalone mQDs in cancer cells (SUM 159A), and increased uptake in case of non-cancerous (RPE-1) cells.

Insulin fibrillation under physicochemical parameters of bioprocessing and intervention by peptides and surface-active agents.

Even after the centenary celebration of insulin discovery, there prevail challenges concerning insulin aggregation, not only after repeated administration but also during industrial production, storage, transport, and delivery, significantly impacting protein quality, efficacy, and effectiveness. The aggregation reduces insulin bioavailability, increasing the risk of heightened immunogenicity, posing a threat to patient health, and creating a dent in the golden success story of insulin therapy. Insulin experiences various physicochemical and mechanical stresses due to modulations in pH, temperature, ionic strength, agitation, shear, and surface chemistry, during the upstream and downstream bioprocessing, resulting in insulin unfolding and subsequent fibrillation.

Ordered patterns in electroactive polymer ionic liquid blends: effect of long range interactions.

Designing multifunctional soft materials pattern formation has been a major challenge for scientists and engineers. Soft materials based on polymers are the perfect candidates for designing such materials as they are not only easy to handle, but also offer diverse combinations of mechanical and chemical properties. Here, we present a polymer-based ternary system and reveal, using modelling and simulations, the mechanisms for creating patterned surfaces.

Ligand-selective turn-off sensing, harvesting and post-adsorptive use of Dy(III) and Yb(III) by intrinsically fluorescent flower-shaped Gum Acacia-grafted hydrogels.

Rare earth metals (REMs), such as Dysprosium (Dy) and Ytterbium (Yb), have experienced unprecedented demand in recent times due to their applications in high-end technologies. REMs are found only in select geographic locations placing tremendous economic constraints on their use. In this work, we have developed Gum Acacia-grafted hydrogels (GmAc-FluoroTerPs) that are capable of selective detection and capture of Dy and Yb.

Synthesis and application of chiral -2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts.

The first synthesis of chiral -2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts is described. Their application for the enantioselective Michael addition of nitromethane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with excellent yield (up to 91%) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) is demonstrated. Another catalytic application for the reaction of 2,4-hexadienal with nitrostyrene is also showcased.

Rheology and Extrusion Printing of κ-Carrageenan/Olive Oil Emulsion Gel Tablets with Varying Surface Area to Volume Ratios for Release of Vitamin C and Curcumin.

In this work, κ-carrageenan and olive oil at different oil to κ-carrageenan ratios (OCR) are homogenized to create emulsion gels. Interestingly, confocal imaging shows that the oil droplets are stabilized in the κ-carrageenan-structured gel matrix without using any surfactants. Rheological studies show that the oil droplets enhanced the oscillatory yield stress and the maximum printable height of the emulsion gels.

Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels for Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and remains a global health challenge affecting millions of human lives worldwide. Despite advancements in conventional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the rise of multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence, and their severe side effects and the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches. Recently, stimulus-responsive nanomedicines designed to target TME characteristics (e.

Advancements in rheumatoid arthritis therapy: a journey from conventional therapy to precision medicine nanoparticles targeting immune cells.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects the inner lining of the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. While RA is not known as lethal, recent research indicates that it may be a silent killer because of its strong association with an increased risk of chronic lung and heart diseases. Patients develop these systemic consequences due to the regular uptake of heavy drugs such as disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), .

Diphenylbutadiene Fluorescent Analogues in Sub-Cellular Imaging and Monitoring Mitophagy.

A series of donor-acceptor (D-π-A) substituted diphenylbutadienes exhibiting solvatochromic emission and a large Stokes shift (100-200 nm) were designed and synthesized for distinctive organelle labelling, enabling real-time monitoring of organelle behaviour such as lysosomal dynamics, mitophagy monitoring, and stress responses. The morpholine-substituted D-A-D diphenylbutadiene (M2) was employed to investigate selective imaging of lysosomes, the uptake of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy, and monitoring lysosomal viscosity or pH changes. Other diphenylbutadiene derivatives (M1, M3, M4) selectively accumulated in lipid droplets.

Revolutionizing cancer therapy using tetrahedral DNA nanostructures as intelligent drug delivery systems.

DNA nanostructures have surfaced as intriguing entities with vast potential in biomedicine, notably in the drug delivery area. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) have received worldwide attention from among an array of different DNA nanostructures due to their extraordinary stability, great biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. TDNs could be readily synthesized, making them attractive carriers for chemotherapeutic medicines, nucleic acid therapeutics, and imaging probes.

Detouring Self-Assembled 3-Methoxy-pyrrole-Based Nanoparticles into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer remains a lethal disease globally. Recently, the development and progression of lung cancer were strongly linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, targeting mitochondria in lung cancer can be an interesting alternative strategy for therapeutic applications.

Nanodroplets Engineered with Folate Carbon Dots for Enhanced Cancer Cell Uptake toward Theranostic Application.

The research in nanotherapeutics is rapidly advancing, particularly in the realm of nanoconstructs for drug delivery. This study introduces folate-based carbon dot-decorated nanodroplets (f-D), synthesized from a binary mixture of negatively charged folic acid carbon dots (f-CDs) and cationic-branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The uniformly spherical nanodroplets with an average diameter of 115 ± 15 nm exhibit notable photoluminescence.

Bridging Titanium Nitrido Complexes Containing A Linear Ti-N-Ti Core with A Two-Coordinate Nitrido Ligand.

A series of titanium μ-nitrido complexes supported by the triamidoamine ligand Xy-NN (Xy-NN={(3,5-MeCH)NCHCH}N) is reported. The titanium azido complex [(Xy-NN)TiN] (1-N), prepared by salt metathesis of the chloride complex [(Xy-NN)TiCl] (1-Cl) with NaN, reacted with lithium metal or with alkali metal naphthalenides (alkali metal M=Na, K, and Rb) in THF to give the corresponding dinuclear μ-nitrido complexes M[(Xy-NN)Ti=N-Ti(Xy-NN)] (2-M; M=Li, Na, K, Rb). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 2-Li, 2-Na, and 2-K revealed alkali metal dependent structures in the solid state.

Predicting the Electrophoretic Mobility of Charged Particles in an Aqueous Medium.

Electrophoresis of charged particles has important applications in biochemical separation processes. The mobility of these particles depends on the surrounding electric double layer (EDL), which is impacted by solvent restructuring because of hydration interactions. Nevertheless, most theoretical estimates ignore such interactions during computation of the electrophoretic mobility.

Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Arylcyclohexenones Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.

A general methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of α-arylcyclohexeneones from arylacetones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether followed by -TSA-mediated cyclization is developed. A variety of arylacetones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were successfully converted to α-arylcyclohexeneones in 34-67% yield, 10:1-100:0 , and 81-99% . The scalability of this methodology by a gram-scale synthesis and their utility by converting the product to the corresponding epoxide, alcohol, and diol are demonstrated.

Explainable artificial intelligence approaches for brain-computer interfaces: a review and design space.

This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques applied to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However, achieving explainability in these complex models is challenging as it compromises accuracy.

Evolution of C-point singularities and polarization coverage of Poincaré-Bessel beam in self-healing process.

As a vector version of scalar Bessel beams, Poincaré-Bessel beams (PBBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their non-diffracting and self-healing properties as well as the presence of polarization singularities. Previous studies of PBBs have focused on cases that consist of a superposition of Bessel beams in orthogonal circular polarization states; here, we present a theoretical and experimental study of PBBs for which the polarization states are taken to be linear, which we call a linear PBB. Using a mode transformation of a full Poincaré beam constructed from linear polarization states, we observe the linear PBB as providing an in-principle infinite number of covers of the Poincaré sphere in the transverse plane and with an infinite number of C-points with positive and negative topological indices.

pH-Responsive Biocompatible Fluorescent Hydrogel for Selective Sensing and Adsorptive Recovery of Dysprosium.

The elevated accumulation of electronic wastes, especially containing Dysprosium ion [i.e., Dy(III)], is emerging as a potential environmental threat.

DNA functionalized programmable hybrid biomaterials for targeted multiplexed applications.

With the advent of DNA nanotechnology, DNA-based biomaterials have emerged as a unique class of materials at the center of various biological advances. Owing to DNA's high modification capacity programmable Watson-Crick base-pairing, DNA structures of desired design with increased complexity have been developed. However, the limited scalability, along with poor mechanical properties, high synthesis costs, and poor stability, reduced the adaptability of DNA-based materials to complex biological applications.

Harnessing Solar Power for Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Re(I)Dipyrrinato Complexes.

Metal dipyrrinato complexes of 4d and 5d metals have distinctive features such as high absorption coefficients in the visible section and room temperature phosphorescence in the red region. This work demonstrates the light-assisted oxidation of organic compounds employing rhenium(I)dipyrrinato complexes as catalysts. The heavy atom effect in rhenium(I)dipyrrinato complexes leads to the formation of long-lived triplet excited states, and these complexes can generate singlet oxygen in excellent yields (up to 84 %).