Revolutionizing lung cancer treatment: Introducing PROTAC therapy as a novel paradigm in targeted therapeutics.

This comprehensive review explores the transformative potential of PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) therapy as a groundbreaking approach in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The introduction provides a succinct overview of current challenges in lung cancer treatment, emphasizing the significance of targeted therapies. Focusing on PROTAC therapy, the article elucidates its mechanism of action, comparing it with traditional targeted therapies and highlighting the key components and design principles of PROTAC molecules.

Development of Biofidelic Skin Simulants Based on Fresh Cadaveric Skin Tests.

The development of artificial skin that accurately mimics the mechanical properties of human skin is crucial for a wide range of applications, including surgical training for burn injuries, biomechanical testing, and research in sports injuries and ballistics. While traditional materials like gelatin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and animal skins (such as porcine and bovine skins) have been used for these purposes, they have inherent limitations in replicating the intricate properties of human skin. In this work, we conducted uniaxial tensile tests on freshly obtained cadaveric skin to analyze its mechanical properties under various loading conditions.

Efficacy of Various Dry Electrode-Based ECG Sensors: A Review.

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is crucial for detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monitoring cardiac health and activities using efficient, noninvasive, and cost-effective techniques such as ECG can be vital for the early detection of different CVDs. Wet electrode-based traditional ECG techniques come with unavoidable limitations of the altered quality of ECG signals caused by gel volatilization and unwanted noise followed by dermatitis.

Quantitative Measurement of Interfacial Adhesion of CVD Grown Bilayer WS on Various Substrates.

The interfacial adhesion between transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and the growth substrate significantly influences the employment of flakes in various applications. Most previous studies have focused on MoS and graphene, particularly their interaction with SiO/Si substrates. In this work, the adhesion strength of CVD-grown bilayer WS is directly measured using the nano scratch technique on three different substrates-Sapphire, SiO/Si, and fused quartz.

Graphene Mitigates Nanoscale Tribochemical Wear of Silica Glass in Water.

Despite the ubiquitous use of glasses, their simultaneous susceptibility toward scratch-induced defects and atmospheric hydration deteriorates their mechanical and chemical durability. Here, it is demonstrated that the deposition of a few-layer graphene provides unprecedented wear resistance to silica glass in aqueous conditions. To this extent, nanoscale scratch tests are carried out on graphene-glass surfaces via contact-mode atomic force microscopy with chemically inert and reactive tips.

Bulk-like structural, magnetic and optical properties of (111)- and (001)-NiO thin films.

We have grown (111)- and (001)-oriented NiO thin films on (0001)-Sapphire and (001)-MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements underline that the Néel temperatures of the samples are beyond room-temperature. This is further confirmed by the presence of two-magnon Raman scattering modes in these films in ambient conditions.

studies of triazole derivatives as inhibitors for estrogen receptor (ER) mutant L536S and anaplastic lymphoma kinase: DFT/tD-DFT, molecular docking, and MD simulations.

From the most prevalent cancers, breast and lung cancers have a meager survival rate for both men and women. These two cancers are related to each other. Breast cancer can possibly spread to the lungs or the region between the lung and the chest wall.

Advanced Nanostrategies for Biomolecule Delivery in Plant Disease Management.

Sustainable plant disease management has long been a major issue in agriculture since the excessive reliance on broad-spectrum pesticides exacerbates chemical resistance, presenting environmental and health hazards. Taking cues from nature's intricate defense mechanisms, scientists are exploiting bioactive agents involved in plant-pathogen/pest interactions to develop novel strategies to combat diseases. Embracing biomolecules in agriculture offers an ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Structural Variation In β-Octamolybdate Polyoxoanion Based Crystals Across Lanthanide Series Isolated From A Water/DMSO Solution.

The crystallization of lanthanide-containing β-octamolybdate (β-{Mo8O26}4-) based solids from a binary 1:1 (water/DMSO) solution under ambient conditions is reported. A uniform synthetic protocol yielded three structurally related series of general composition {Ln(solvent)n}[NaMo8O26]·yH2O, with the whole lanthanide series (except for radioactive Pm). The three series are (i) {Ln(DMSO)8}[NaMo8O26]·0.

Symmetry breaking and mismatch in the torsional mechanism of ATP synthesis by FF-ATP synthase: mathematical number theory proof and its chemical and biological implications.

Can mathematical proofs be employed for the solution of fundamental molecular-level problems in biology? Recently, I mathematically tackled complex mechanistic problems arising during the synthesis of the universal biological currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the FF-ATP synthase, nature's smallest rotary molecular motor, using graph-theoretical and combinatorial approaches for the membrane-bound F and water-soluble F domains of this fascinating molecule (see Nath in Theory Biosci 141:249‒260, 2022 and Theory Biosci 143:217‒227, 2024). In the third part of this trilogy, I investigate another critical aspect of the molecular mechanism-that of coupling between the F and F domains of the ATP synthase mediated by the central γ-subunit of nanometer diameter. According to Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis the γ-subunit twists during ATP synthesis and the release of stored torsional energy in the central γ-stalk causes conformational changes in the catalytic sites that lead to ATP synthesis, with 1 ATP molecule synthesized per discrete 120° rotation.

Synthesis of Aminated C-3 Aryloylated Benzofuran, Furopyridine, Benzothiophene, and Indole Derivatives from 1,6-Enyne and -Aminopyridinium Salt in Visible Light.

We report a visible-light-assisted tandem oxidative 5--dig cyclization of 1,6-enynes for the synthesis of aminated C-3 aryloylated benzofuran, furopyridine, benzothiophene, and indole derivatives. The nitrogen-centered radical generated in situ from -aminopyridinium salt initiates the consecutive formation of C-N, C-C, and C-O bonds. The methodology exhibits good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity, furnishing products in good to excellent yields at room temperature.

Development of a novel capture step for purification of antigen binding fragments (Fabs).

Antigen binding fragments (Fabs) are an emerging class of biotherapeutics, widely accepted as an alternative to the traditional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The small size of the Fabs offers better tissue penetrability and lack of Fc region, thereby resulting in reduced side effects. However, since Fab molecules lack Fc region, Protein A chromatography (the ubiquitous capture step in mAb platforms) cannot be employed.

Identification of ABC transporter Cdr1 inhibitors of Candida glabrata.

Candida glabrata is one of the most common causes of invasive candidiasis. Rising treatment failures from resistance to current antifungal drugs highlight the need for new antifungals. Overexpression of efflux pump transporter genes is significantly associated with the development of multidrug resistance.

Surface plasmon enhanced auto-fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy for low-level detection of biological pathogens.

The current culture-based bacterial detection technique is time-consuming and requires an extended sample preparation methodology. We propose the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface plasmon-enhanced auto-fluorescence spectroscopy (SPEAS) for the label-free identification and quantification of bacterial pathogens at low concentrations collecting its unique auto-fluorescence and Raman signatures utilising highly anisotropic three-dimensional nanostructures of silver nano dendrites (Ag-NDs). The SERS data facilitates qualitative bacterial identification using the spectral features coming from the bacterial cell wall compound, and the SPEAS data was utilised to gain unique auto-fluorescence spectra present on the bacterial cell wall with enhanced quantification.

Controllable orbital angular momentum monopoles in chiral topological semimetals.

The emerging field of orbitronics aims to generate and control orbital angular momentum for information processing. Chiral crystals are promising orbitronic materials because they have been predicted to host monopole-like orbital textures, where the orbital angular momentum aligns isotropically with the electron's crystal momentum. However, such monopoles have not yet been directly observed in chiral crystals.

Nondirected Ortho C-H Arylation for One-Pot Synthesis of Biaryl Scaffolds via In Situ Generated Mixed Acetal.

Herein, we introduce a mild and efficient method for synthesizing aniline biaryls and unsymmetrical phenol biaryls through iodine-catalyzed coupling of quinone imine ketals (QIKs)/quinonemonoacetals (QMAs) and -naphthols. This approach allows for the unusual formation of ortho-substituted anilines and phenols, valuable in pharmaceuticals and advanced materials but typically difficult to produce. Our method achieves high -selectivity without needing transition metals or external/internal templates.

Biomimetic Approach for Optimal Designing of the Shape and Controlled Release of Therapeutics from Tricompartmental Microcarriers for Managing Parkinson's Disease.

Inspired by the intricate cellular morphology and the discoid shape of red blood cells (RBCs), biomimetic tricompartmental microcarriers (TCM) with controlled release profiles were engineered using an electrohydrodynamic--jetting technique for efficient management of Parkinson's disease (PD). While jetting, Levodopa (LD), CD (Carbidopa), and ENT (Entacapone) (3 PD drugs) were directly encapsulated in the three individual compartments of the TCM used for oral administration. The optimal shape and controlled release profiles were obtained by employing the Taguchi orthogonal L9 design-of-experiment approach by systematically varying the processing parameters, i.

Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) assisted nanofiltration system for the recycling of gallium from low concentrated wastewater.

Gallium is classified as a technology metal as it is important for technological innovations. It is also referred to as a strategic metal, which emphasizes its economic relevance. In addition, gallium is a critical raw material that is strategically important but only available in limited quantities.

Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Activated Pyridines Using Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Application to the Synthesis of -Heterocycles.

A highly efficient method has been developed for synthesizing 4-dienyl dihydropyridines through the nucleophilic dearomatization of activated pyridines using vinyl sulfoxonium ylides. This reaction follows the sequence involving ylide addition to activated pyridine, [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, and subsequent sulfenic acid elimination. The resulting 4-dienyl dihydropyridines are then used in the synthesis of highly substituted -heterocyles.

Reduced-Graphene-Oxide-Based Thin Films: An Alternative Coating for Harsh Space Environments.

Polymeric materials are commonly used as the outermost layer in spacecraft passive thermal control. However, in geostationary earth orbit environments, the polymeric layer is susceptible to environmental hazards, particularly electrostatic charges. In this study, we develop a graphene-based coating on a polymeric polyimide (Kapton) and discuss its suitability in simulated harsh space environments for electrostatic dissipation.

Microbial crosstalk: decoding interactions to generate efficient SynComs.

Limited studies have explored the complex and intense crosstalk between microbes within synthetic microbial communities (SynComs). Here, we highlight recent findings by Zohair et al., who unraveled the metabolic interactions between co-cultured microbes.

Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (BICAACs): synthesis, characteristics, and applications.

Carbenes in general and isolable NHCs (N-heterocyclic carbenes) in particular have been useful ligands in recent years. The emergence of CAACs [cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes], BICAACs [bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes], and many other carbenes has marked revolutionary milestones in this field. These carbenes possess an intriguing blend of highly electrophilic and nucleophilic characteristics, owing to their remarkably narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap.