Critical dimension for hydrodynamic turbulence.

Hydrodynamic turbulence exhibits nonequilibrium behavior with k^{-5/3} energy spectrum, and equilibrium behavior with k^{d-1} energy spectrum and zero viscosity, where d is the space dimension. Using recursive renormalization group in Craya-Herring basis, we show that the nonequilibrium solution is valid only for d<6, whereas equilibrium solution with zero viscosity is the only solution for d>6. Thus, d=6 is the critical dimension for hydrodynamic turbulence.

Quantum dynamics of wave packets in a Morse potential: A dynamical system approach.

We show how a dynamical systems approach can, somewhat unexpectedly, be relevant in the quantum dynamics featuring oscillations and escape in the Morse potential. We compare the dynamics resulting from the approach with the results obtained from a direct numerical integration of the relevant Schrödinger equation to support our claim. An interesting finding of the numerical investigation is the marked increase in the probability of obtaining a significant fraction (more than 50%) of the wave packet in the classically forbidden range beyond a critical energy of the packet.

Modulation of Posterior Default Mode Network Activity During Interoceptive Attention and Relation to Mindfulness.

Background: Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals, such as the breath, is fundamental to mindfulness. However, interoceptive attention can be difficult to study, with many studies relying on subjective and retrospective measures. Response consistency is an established method for evaluating variability of attention on exteroceptive attention tasks, but it has rarely been applied to interoceptive attention tasks.

Lone Pair Induced 1D Character and Weak Cation-Anion Interactions: Two Ingredients for Low Thermal Conductivity in Mixed-Anion Metal Chalcohalide CuBiSCl.

Mixed-anion compounds, which incorporate multiple types of anions into materials, display tailored crystal structures and physical/chemical properties, garnering immense interest in various applications such as batteries, catalysis, photovoltaics, and thermoelectrics. However, detailed studies regarding correlations among crystal structure, chemical bonding, and thermal/vibrational properties are rare for these compounds, which limits the exploration of mixed-anion compounds for associated thermal applications. In this work, we investigate the lattice dynamics and thermal transport properties of the metal chalcohalide, CuBiSCl.

Asymmetric Organocatalytic Diels-Alder Reaction of Olefinic Azlactones with Unsaturated Thiazolones: Access to Spirocyclohexenone Thiazolone Skeletons.

Chiral bifunctional thiourea-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction between olefinic azlactones and alkylidene thiazolone derivatives is reported here for the first time. The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction delivers vicinal tertiary-quaternary stereocenters in spirocyclohexenone thiazolones in moderate to high yields and good stereochemical outcomes. The protocol can be adapted to a broad array of substrates.

AAV-mediated combination gene therapy of inducible Caspase 9 and miR-199a-5p is therapeutic in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an untreatable disease with an overall survival of less than one year. One of the critical molecular mediators contributing to increased resistance to therapy and relapse, is increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels, leading to metastasis of tumor cells. Several microRNAs are known to be dysregulated and impact HIF-1α expression in HCC.

Electrospun Mesoporous NiZnFeO - CNT - Hollow Carbon Ternary Composite Nanofibers as High Performance Electrodes for Advanced Symmetric Supercapacitors.

Spinel ferrites have attracted considerable interest in energy storage systems due to their unique magnetic, electrical and catalytic properties. However, they suffer from poor electronic conductivity and low specific capacity. We have addressed this limitation by synthesizing composite hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF) embedded with nanostructured Nickel Zinc Ferrite (NZF) and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), through coaxial electrospinning.

Determination of the Optimum Architecture of Additively Manufactured Magnetic Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug-Delivery Applications.

For better bone regeneration, precise control over the architecture of the scaffolds is necessary. Because the shape of the pore may affect the bone regeneration, therefore, additive manufacturing has been used in this study to fabricate magnetic bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds with three different architectures, namely, grid, gyroid, and Schwarz D surface with 15 × 15 × 15 mm dimensions and 70% porosity. These scaffolds have been fabricated using an in-house-developed material-extrusion-based additive manufacturing system.

Macromolecular crowding effects on protein dynamics.

Macromolecular crowding experiments bridge the gap between in-vivo and in-vitro studies by mimicking some of the cellular complexities like high viscosity and limited space, while still manageable for experiments and analysis. Macromolecular crowding impacts all biological processes and is a focus of contemporary research. Recent reviews have highlighted the effect of crowding on various protein properties.

Precise Nanoparticle Manipulation Using Femtosecond Laser Trapping.

Optical tweezers use strongly focused light for trapping, characterizing, and manipulating objects in the microscopic and nanoscopic regimes. However, fully understanding optical trapping at the nanoscale remains a significant challenge. This holds importance because the nanoscale is the frontier for numerous promising advancements, ranging from enhancing single-molecule investigations in biology to developing hybrid devices for nanoelectronics and photonics and exploring fundamental quantum phenomena in opto-mechanics.

Optimization of a plasmonic lens structure for maximum optical vortices induced on Weyl semimetal surface states.

Optical vortices have a topologically charged phase singularity and zero intensity distribution in the centre. Optical vortex creation is regarded as a significant means for information transmission for applications in quantum computing, encryption, optical communication, In this study, using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation, we calculated the electric field intensity and phase distribution of 2D lattices of optical vortices generated from various polygonal plasmonic lens structures using surface states of a Weyl semimetal (MoTe). It was shown that a hexagonal lens is the best performing plasmonic lens.

Probing substrate binding inside a paramagnetic cavity: a NMR spectroscopy toolbox for combined experimental and theoretical investigation.

Protein cavities often rely on the paramagnetic metal present in their active site in order to catalyse various chemical transformations in biology. The selective detection and identification of the substrate is of fundamental importance in environmental monitoring and biological studies. Herein, a covalently linked Fe(iii)porphyrin dimer-based paramagnetic sensory cavity has been devised for the accurate detection and simultaneous identification of phenol (substrate) binding within the cavity that provides a unique spectroscopic signature with valuable structural and environmental information.

3D-Printed-Cryogel-Impregnated Functionalized Scaffold Augments Bone Regeneration in Critical Tibia Fracture in Goat.

Critical-size bone trauma injuries present a significant clinical challenge because of the limited availability of autografts. In this study, a photocurable composite comprising of polycaprolactone, polypropylene fumarate, and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) (P─P─H) is printed, which shows good osteoconduction in a rat model. A cryogel composed of gelatin-nHAP (GH) is developed to incorporate osteogenic components, specifically bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA), termed as GH+B+Z, which is investigated for osteoinductive property in a rat model.

Buckets Instead of Umbrellas for Enhanced Sampling and Free Energy Calculations.

Umbrella sampling has been a workhorse for free energy calculations in molecular simulations for several decades. In conventional umbrella sampling, restraining bias potentials are strategically applied along one or several collective variables. Major drawbacks associated with this method are the requirement of a large number of bias windows and the poor sampling of the transverse coordinates.

Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Zwitterionic C-N Bonded Triazole-Tetrazole-Based Primary Explosives.

Developing advanced metal-free nitrogen-enriched primary explosives is challenging due to the inherent risks associated with their synthesis and handling. However, there is an urgent need to develop novel lead-free, nitrogen-rich primary explosives that offer balanced energetic properties. C-N bonded bicyclic compound 3-azido-1-(1-tetrazol-5-yl)-1-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (), its salts, and 3,5-diazido-1-1,2,4-triazole () were synthesized from inexpensive starting materials resulting in a fine blend of sensitivity and stability.

Amyloid-like Aggregation Propensities of Metabolites- Homogentisic Acid, N-Acetyl Aspartic Acid and Isovaleric Acid.

The transformation of metabolites into amyloidogenic aggregates represent an intriguing dimension in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, including alkaptonuria, canavan disease, and isovaleric acidemia. Central to this phenomenon are the metabolites homogentisic acid (HA), N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), and isovaleric acid (IVA), which we found, weave an intricate network of self-assembled structures. Leveraging an array of microscopy techniques, we traced the morphological behavior of these assemblies that exhibit concentration and time-dependent morphological transitions from isolated globules to clustered aggregates.

Sensitivity Chronicles in Molecular Properties: Unraveling the Nexus of Dual-Beam Z-Scan and Time-Resolved Thermal Lens Spectroscopy.

Ultrasensitive thermal lens (TL) spectroscopy, where the interplay between conduction and convection is crucial, provides profound insights into molecular behavior. This work focuses on the critical role of molecular convection by using the dual-beam z-scan method and time-resolved TL spectroscopy. We specifically investigated the correlation between the detection iris and the spot size of the pump beam.

Effect of vaccine dose intervals: Considering immunity levels, vaccine efficacy, and strain variants for disease control strategy.

In this study, we present an immuno-epidemic model to understand mitigation options during an epidemic break. The model incorporates comorbidity and multiple-vaccine doses through a system of coupled integro-differential equations to analyze the epidemic rate and intensity from a knowledge of the basic reproduction number and time-distributed rate functions. Our modeling results show that the interval between vaccine doses is a key control parameter that can be tuned to significantly influence disease spread.

Motility and pairwise interactions of chemically active droplets in one-dimensional confinement.

Self-propelled droplets serve as ideal model systems to delve deeper into understanding the motion of biological microswimmers by simulating their motility. Biological microorganisms are renowned for showcasing a diverse array of dynamic swimming behaviors when confronted with physical constraints. This study aims to elucidate the impact of physical constraints on swimming characteristics of biological microorganisms.