Electrochemically grafted molecular layers as on-chip energy storage molecular junctions.

Molecular junctions (MJs) are celebrated nanoelectronic devices for mimicking conventional electronic functions, including rectifiers, sensors, wires, switches, transistors, negative differential resistance, and memory, following an understanding of charge transport mechanisms. However, capacitive nanoscale molecular junctions are rarely seen. The present work describes electrochemically (E-Chem) grown covalently attached molecular thin films of 10, 14.

Electrosynthesis of Ru (II)-Polypyridyl Oligomeric Films on ITO Electrode for Two Terminal Non-Volatile Memory Devices and Neuromorphic Computing.

Molecular electronics exhibiting resistive-switching memory features hold great promise for the next generation of digital technology. In this work, electrosynthesis of ruthenium polypyridyl nanoscale oligomeric films is demonstrated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode followed by an ITO top contact deposition yielding large-scale (junction area = 0.7 × 0.

Neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination for organic scintillation detector using 2D CNN based image classification.

This study shows an implementation of neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) using a two-dimensional convolutional neural network. The inputs to the network are snapshots of the unprocessed, digitized signals from a BC501A detector. By exposing a BC501A detector to a Cf-252 source, neutron and gamma signals were collected to create a training dataset.

Spatiotemporal morphodynamics of an ephemeral Himalayan River impacted by sand mining: A process-response framework.

In-channel sediment mining significantly disrupts reach-scale sediment connectivity and channel geometry, causing immediate and intense geomorphological responses. River systems perturbed by anthropogenic stress, like sand and gravel mining, tend to respond within a shorter timescale, making the study of feedback mechanisms important. 'Sensitive' rivers display dramatic change via a positive feedback mechanism, exacerbating the change in the system.

Atomically Fine-Tuning Organic-Inorganic Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Hydrogen Production.

Polymeric membranes with great processability are attractive for the H/CO separation required for hydrogen production from renewable biomass with carbon capture for utilization and sequestration. However, it remains elusive to engineer polymer architectures to obtain desired sub-3.3 Å ultramicropores to efficiently sieve H from CO.

Novel geological framework to understand the origin and diversity of orthopyroxene, olivine, spinel (OOS) lithologies on the Moon.

A novel geological framework is presented to address the origin of Orthopyroxene, Olivine, Mg-spinel (OOS) lithologies on the Moon, an emerging component of the lunar crust. The new framework can explain multiple remote sensing observations including the rare occurrence of OOS lithologies in close proximity, lack of mafic mineral association with Mg-spinel lithology and the contrasting observation of mafic mineral association with Mg-spinel in returned lunar samples. We further report new OOS exposures at Thomson crater and present the first remote-sensing-based evidence of mafic mixing among various OOS components.

Impact of Pressure on Metavalent Bonding in BiTe influencing Electronic Topological Transitions.

BiTe, a member of the (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n homologous series, possesses natural van der Waals-like heterostructure with a Bi2 bilayer sandwiched between the two [Te-Bi-Te-Bi-Te] quintuple layers. BiTe exhibits both the quantum states of weak topological and topological crystalline insulators, making it a dual topological insulator and a suitable candidate for spintronics, quantum computing and thermoelectrics. Herein, we demonstrate that the chemical bonding in BiTe is to be metavalent, which plays a significant role in the pressure dependent change in the topology of the electronic structure Fermi surface.

Interplay of canonical and LIMK mediated non-canonical BMP signaling is essential for regulating differential thickness and invagination during chick forebrain roof plate morphogenesis.

Telencephalic hemisphere formation is a complex and precisely timed process, which begins in the chick forebrain with an invagination in the middle of the roof plate. However, the factor(s) that determine the position/site of invagination in the roof plate remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have demonstrated that as development proceeds, a region of lower thickness appears in the middle of the roof plate, which marks the position where the invagination begins.

Synthesis and Reactivity of a Non-Heme μ-Oxodicobalt(IV) Complex.

A mononuclear CoIII complex (1) of a bisamide-bisalkoxide donor ligand was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The reaction of 1 with 0.5 equiv.

A Multifaceted Luminescent Europium(III) Probe for the Discrimination of Nucleoside Phosphates and Detection of Organophosphate Nerve Agents.

The nucleotides play multiple fundamental roles that are essential in biochemical enzymatic reactions and signaling pathways. Many diseases are closely associated with their dysregulation. Therefore, reliable and sensitive optical probes to discriminate various nucleotides are essential in biochemistry, drug discovery, and disease diagnosis.

Synergistic Chloroform-Methanol Binary Solvent Mixture Is Inherently Spatially and Dynamically Heterogeneous.

Nonideality in a binary solvent mixture is manifested through anomalies in various physical properties like viscosity, dielectric constant, polarity, freezing point, boiling point, and so forth. Sometimes, such anomalies become much more prominent, leading to a synergistic behavior, where the physical property of the mixture is way different from its bulk counterparts. Various alcohols/chlorinated methane binary solvent mixtures show such a synergistic behavior.

Introducing Sulfur in VNi-Layered Double Hydroxide Enables Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Benzylamine with High Current Densities.

The replacement of the thermodynamically unfavorable anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a more favorable organic oxidation reaction, such as the anodic oxidation of benzylamine, has garnered significant interest in hybrid water electrolyzer cells. This approach promises the production of value-added chemicals alongside hydrogen fuel generation, improving overall energy efficiency. However, achieving high current density for benzylamine oxidation without interference from OER remains a challenge, limiting the practical efficiency of the electrolyzer cell.

Luminescent terbium(III) probes containing an aromatic amino acid-based antenna for discrimination between adenine and guanine nucleotides.

Herein we present a series of luminescent Tb(III)-probes ([Tb-Ltrp], [Tb-Ltyr], and [Tb-Lphe]) for sensing and discriminating purine nucleoside polyphosphates (NPP) based on a modified DTTA chelator appended to aromatic amino acids (Laa). The optically most effective luminescent [Tb-Ltrp] probe preferentially discriminates the guanine-NPPs over the adenine-NPPs PeT-based modulation of Tb(III) luminescence within the biological concentration range.

Early detection of autism spectrum disorder: gait deviations and machine learning.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed by clinicians and experts through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Current diagnostic practices focus on social and communication impairments, which often emerge later in life. This delay in detection results in missed opportunities for early intervention.

Impact of Structural Subtleties on Chirality Induction and Amplification in Trizinc(II)Porphyrin Trimers.

Herein, we report the precise control of molecular to supramolecular chirality induction at the single-molecule level just upon subtle modification in an achiral 'nano-size' trizinc(II) porphyrin trimer. A slight variation in the projection of the substituent at the periphery of the central porphyrin unit in a porphyrin trimer (host) resulted in pronounced changes in the interchromophoric arrangement, leading to distinct 'open' and 'closed' conformations. While 'open' form generates 'monomeric' complex with low CD amplitude, 'closed' form produces exclusive 'polymer' with large, amplified CD signal with opposite sign due to stronger intermolecular excitonic coupling.

Suzuki-Miyaura/Mizoroki-Heck coupling cascade to access 2,2'-bifunctionalized biaryls.

Biaryl motifs are essential structural features in several drugs and functional molecules. Cyclic diaryliodonium has been scarcely explored as a bifunctional agent compared to ring opening and annulation reactions. Herein, a three-component cascade approach is developed to synthesize bifunctionalized biaryls employing cyclic diaryliodoniums as a biarylating agent.

Operating principles of interconnected feedback loops driving cell fate transitions.

Interconnected feedback loops are prevalent across biological mechanisms, including cell fate transitions enabled by epigenetic mechanisms in carcinomas. However, the operating principles of these networks remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify numerous interconnected feedback loops implicated in cell lineage decisions, which we discover to be the hallmarks of lower- and higher-dimensional state space.

Unravelling the Relaxation Pathway and Excited State Dynamics of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Incorporating Phosphorus-Based Monodentate Ligands.

Herein, the photophysical, photochemical properties and photogenerated excited state dynamics of two new Ru(II) complexes, viz. [Ru(p-ttp)(bpy)(PTA)] [1], [Ru(p-ttp)(phen)(PTA)] [2] having a phosphorus-based ligand PTA [p-ttp=p-tolyl terpyridine; bpy=2,2'-bipyridyl; phen=1,10-phenanthroline and PTA=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane] are reported. Upon excitation with 470 nm LED, [1] and [2] neither undergo ligand release nor exhibit room temperature luminescence/O generation.

Psychometric properties of the English and Hindi versions of the Brief Inventory of Thriving for use among Indian adolescents.

The Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) provides a holistic measure of well-being, but has only been validated for adults, and does not have a Hindi version. The present study investigated the unidimensional structure, internal consistency, convergent/discriminant, and criterion validity of both the original English version of the BIT (BIT-E) and its Hindi-translated version (BIT-H) among adolescents in India. Further, we tested measurement invariance across these two language versions, gender, and academic disciplines.

Crystallographic Analysis of Short Helical Peptides Containing Homologs of Phenylalanine.

Interactions between aromatic side chains of amino acids stabilize the fold and assembly of short peptides. The aromatic π…π and C-H…π interactions have been widely explored in the design of short peptides with specific folding and aggregation patterns. In the present study, we investigated the effect of homologated phenylalanine side chains on the conformation and assembly of peptide helices through X-ray crystallographic structure determination and analysis of five pentapeptides.

Impact of Manganese Carbonate Precipitation on Uranium(VI) Fate in Conditions Relevant to Carbonate-Buffered Aquifers.

Widespread geogenic uranium (U) contamination of Indian groundwaters is of serious concern; yet little is known of the dominant forms and release mechanisms of U in these aquifers. Interestingly, manganese (Mn)-rich aquifers, highly buffered by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and saturated with rhodochrosite [MnCO], have shown low U ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Emerging contaminants in polluted waters: Harnessing Biochar's potential for effective treatment.

Biochar is a carbon-rich, sponge-like material with intricate functionalities, making it suitable for various environmental remediation applications, including water treatment, soil amendment and, additives in construction materials, anaerobic digesters, and electrodes, among others. Its easy adaptability and low cost make it particularly attractive. This review highlights a range of biochar and surface-modified biochar exhibiting high uptake and degradation efficiencies for a broad spectrum of contaminants, including humic acid, disinfection by-products (DBPs), radioactive materials, dyes, heavy metals, antibiotics, microplastics, pathogens, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and cytotoxins.

Advanced neutralization technique for the treatment of highly acidic wastewater from steel rolling mills of western Rajasthan.

In this study, we developed an economical treatment process for highly acidic effluents from steel rolling mills containing toxic heavy metals. Our method involves a pH-dependent approach using mining waste and hydrated lime. The treatment occurs in two steps: First, metal oxides precipitate at pH 3-3.