DNA tetrahedral nanocages as a promising nanocarrier for dopamine delivery in neurological disorders.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that is essential for many bodily and mental processes, and a lack of it can cause Parkinson's disease. DNA tetrahedral (TD) nanocages are promising in bio-nanotechnology, especially as a nanocarrier. TD is highly programmable, biocompatible, and capable of cell differentiation and proliferation.

Synthesis and application of chiral -2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts.

The first synthesis of chiral -2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts is described. Their application for the enantioselective Michael addition of nitromethane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with excellent yield (up to 91%) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) is demonstrated. Another catalytic application for the reaction of 2,4-hexadienal with nitrostyrene is also showcased.

Rheology and Extrusion Printing of κ-Carrageenan/Olive Oil Emulsion Gel Tablets with Varying Surface Area to Volume Ratios for Release of Vitamin C and Curcumin.

In this work, κ-carrageenan and olive oil at different oil to κ-carrageenan ratios (OCR) are homogenized to create emulsion gels. Interestingly, confocal imaging shows that the oil droplets are stabilized in the κ-carrageenan-structured gel matrix without using any surfactants. Rheological studies show that the oil droplets enhanced the oscillatory yield stress and the maximum printable height of the emulsion gels.

Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels for Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and remains a global health challenge affecting millions of human lives worldwide. Despite advancements in conventional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the rise of multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence, and their severe side effects and the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches. Recently, stimulus-responsive nanomedicines designed to target TME characteristics (e.

Advancements in rheumatoid arthritis therapy: a journey from conventional therapy to precision medicine nanoparticles targeting immune cells.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects the inner lining of the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. While RA is not known as lethal, recent research indicates that it may be a silent killer because of its strong association with an increased risk of chronic lung and heart diseases. Patients develop these systemic consequences due to the regular uptake of heavy drugs such as disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), .

Diphenylbutadiene Fluorescent Analogues in Sub-Cellular Imaging and Monitoring Mitophagy.

A series of donor-acceptor (D-π-A) substituted diphenylbutadienes exhibiting solvatochromic emission and a large Stokes shift (100-200 nm) were designed and synthesized for distinctive organelle labelling, enabling real-time monitoring of organelle behaviour such as lysosomal dynamics, mitophagy monitoring, and stress responses. The morpholine-substituted D-A-D diphenylbutadiene (M2) was employed to investigate selective imaging of lysosomes, the uptake of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy, and monitoring lysosomal viscosity or pH changes. Other diphenylbutadiene derivatives (M1, M3, M4) selectively accumulated in lipid droplets.

Revolutionizing cancer therapy using tetrahedral DNA nanostructures as intelligent drug delivery systems.

DNA nanostructures have surfaced as intriguing entities with vast potential in biomedicine, notably in the drug delivery area. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) have received worldwide attention from among an array of different DNA nanostructures due to their extraordinary stability, great biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. TDNs could be readily synthesized, making them attractive carriers for chemotherapeutic medicines, nucleic acid therapeutics, and imaging probes.

Detouring Self-Assembled 3-Methoxy-pyrrole-Based Nanoparticles into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer remains a lethal disease globally. Recently, the development and progression of lung cancer were strongly linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, targeting mitochondria in lung cancer can be an interesting alternative strategy for therapeutic applications.

Nanodroplets Engineered with Folate Carbon Dots for Enhanced Cancer Cell Uptake toward Theranostic Application.

The research in nanotherapeutics is rapidly advancing, particularly in the realm of nanoconstructs for drug delivery. This study introduces folate-based carbon dot-decorated nanodroplets (f-D), synthesized from a binary mixture of negatively charged folic acid carbon dots (f-CDs) and cationic-branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The uniformly spherical nanodroplets with an average diameter of 115 ± 15 nm exhibit notable photoluminescence.

Bridging Titanium Nitrido Complexes Containing A Linear Ti-N-Ti Core with A Two-Coordinate Nitrido Ligand.

A series of titanium μ-nitrido complexes supported by the triamidoamine ligand Xy-NN (Xy-NN={(3,5-MeCH)NCHCH}N) is reported. The titanium azido complex [(Xy-NN)TiN] (1-N), prepared by salt metathesis of the chloride complex [(Xy-NN)TiCl] (1-Cl) with NaN, reacted with lithium metal or with alkali metal naphthalenides (alkali metal M=Na, K, and Rb) in THF to give the corresponding dinuclear μ-nitrido complexes M[(Xy-NN)Ti=N-Ti(Xy-NN)] (2-M; M=Li, Na, K, Rb). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 2-Li, 2-Na, and 2-K revealed alkali metal dependent structures in the solid state.

Predicting the Electrophoretic Mobility of Charged Particles in an Aqueous Medium.

Electrophoresis of charged particles has important applications in biochemical separation processes. The mobility of these particles depends on the surrounding electric double layer (EDL), which is impacted by solvent restructuring because of hydration interactions. Nevertheless, most theoretical estimates ignore such interactions during computation of the electrophoretic mobility.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in adolescents with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes multimorbidity-a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Aim: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched five databases and registries until 2 March 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was weight change.

Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Arylcyclohexenones Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.

A general methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of α-arylcyclohexeneones from arylacetones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether followed by -TSA-mediated cyclization is developed. A variety of arylacetones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were successfully converted to α-arylcyclohexeneones in 34-67% yield, 10:1-100:0 , and 81-99% . The scalability of this methodology by a gram-scale synthesis and their utility by converting the product to the corresponding epoxide, alcohol, and diol are demonstrated.

Explainable artificial intelligence approaches for brain-computer interfaces: a review and design space.

This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques applied to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However, achieving explainability in these complex models is challenging as it compromises accuracy.

Evolution of C-point singularities and polarization coverage of Poincaré-Bessel beam in self-healing process.

As a vector version of scalar Bessel beams, Poincaré-Bessel beams (PBBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their non-diffracting and self-healing properties as well as the presence of polarization singularities. Previous studies of PBBs have focused on cases that consist of a superposition of Bessel beams in orthogonal circular polarization states; here, we present a theoretical and experimental study of PBBs for which the polarization states are taken to be linear, which we call a linear PBB. Using a mode transformation of a full Poincaré beam constructed from linear polarization states, we observe the linear PBB as providing an in-principle infinite number of covers of the Poincaré sphere in the transverse plane and with an infinite number of C-points with positive and negative topological indices.

Diversity and Plant Growth Properties of Rhizospheric Bacteria Associated with Medicinal Plants.

Microbes in the rhizosphere play a significant role in the growth, development, and efficiency of plants and trees. The rhizospheric area's microbes are reliant on the soil's characteristics and the substances that the plants release. The majority of previous research on medicinal plants concentrated on their bioactive phytochemicals, but this is changing now that it is understood that a large proportion of phytotherapeutic substances are actually created by related microorganisms or through contact with their host.

pH-Responsive Biocompatible Fluorescent Hydrogel for Selective Sensing and Adsorptive Recovery of Dysprosium.

The elevated accumulation of electronic wastes, especially containing Dysprosium ion [i.e., Dy(III)], is emerging as a potential environmental threat.

The role of drought response genes and plant growth promoting bacteria on plant growth promotion under sustainable agriculture: A review.

Drought is a major stressor that poses significant challenges for agricultural practices. It becomes difficult to meet the global demand for food crops and fodder. Plant physiology, physico-chemistry and morphology changes in plants like decreased photosynthesis and transpiration rate, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, repressed shoot and root shoot growth and modified stress signalling pathways by drought, lead to detrimental impacts on plant development and output.

Achieving Endo/Lysosomal Escape Using Smart Nanosystems for Efficient Cellular Delivery.

The delivery of therapeutic agents faces significant hurdles posed by the endo-lysosomal pathway, a bottleneck that hampers clinical effectiveness. This comprehensive review addresses the urgent need to enhance cellular delivery mechanisms to overcome these obstacles. It focuses on the potential of smart nanomaterials, delving into their unique characteristics and mechanisms in detail.

Pseudohalide-Based Ionic Liquids: Advancing Crystallization Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties in All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells.

This study delves into the innovative approach of enhancing the efficiency and stability of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (I-PSCs) through the strategic incorporation of thiocyanate (SCN) ions via pseudohalide-based ionic liquid (IL) configurations. This straightforward methodology has exhibited captivating advancements in the kinetics of crystallization as well as the optoelectronic characteristics of the resulting perovskite films. These developments hold the promise of enhancing not only the quality and uniformity of the films but also aspects such as band alignment and the efficacy of charge transfer mechanisms.

Validation of a novel NGS based BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutation detection assay in Indian cohort.

The efficacy and treatment outcome of a CML patient are heavily dependent on BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation status. Next-generation sequencing technology is a bright alternative to the previously used sanger sequencing method due to its global presence in diagnostic setups, massive parallel sequencing ability, and far better sensitivity. In the present study, we have demonstrated a new protocol for kinase domain mutation analysis using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method using the ion torrent sequencing platform.

Robust Rain-Repellency and Droplet Bouncing Properties of Fresh and Aged Leaves Up to 6 Months.

Robust rain-repellent surfaces are useful in roofs, solar panels, windshields, etc. Herein, excellent rain-repellency and droplet bouncing properties of leaves are presented. They possess surface microbumps ( ∼ 13 μm, ∼ 8 μm, ∼ 3 μm), which in turn comprise nanoplatelets ( ∼ 741 nm, ∼ 59 nm) and Wenzel roughness ( ) of ∼2.

DNA functionalized programmable hybrid biomaterials for targeted multiplexed applications.

With the advent of DNA nanotechnology, DNA-based biomaterials have emerged as a unique class of materials at the center of various biological advances. Owing to DNA's high modification capacity programmable Watson-Crick base-pairing, DNA structures of desired design with increased complexity have been developed. However, the limited scalability, along with poor mechanical properties, high synthesis costs, and poor stability, reduced the adaptability of DNA-based materials to complex biological applications.

Harnessing Solar Power for Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Re(I)Dipyrrinato Complexes.

Metal dipyrrinato complexes of 4d and 5d metals have distinctive features such as high absorption coefficients in the visible section and room temperature phosphorescence in the red region. This work demonstrates the light-assisted oxidation of organic compounds employing rhenium(I)dipyrrinato complexes as catalysts. The heavy atom effect in rhenium(I)dipyrrinato complexes leads to the formation of long-lived triplet excited states, and these complexes can generate singlet oxygen in excellent yields (up to 84 %).