Skeletal Editing of Energetic Materials: Acid-Catalyzed One-Step Synthesis of Bridged Triazoles as High-Energy-Density Materials via the Nef Reaction.

Thermally stable insensitive energetic materials have captivated significant attention from the global research community due to their potential impact. In this study, a series of symmetric and asymmetric nitromethyl-bridged triazole compounds were synthesized from pyrimidine moieties via a skeletal editing approach. Additionally, carbonyl-bridged compounds were synthesized in a single step by using acid-catalyzed Nef reactions from their nitromethyl precursors.

π-Conjugated Porous Polymer Nanosheets for Explosive Sensing: Investigation on the Role of H-Bonding.

Nitroaromatic explosive sensing plays a critical role in ensuring public security and environmental protection. Herein, we report 2-pyridyl-thiazolothiazole (pyTTz) integrated blue-fluorescent π-conjugated porous polymer nanosheets, NTzCMP and TzCMP for selective sensing of picric acid (PA) among nitrophenol explosives. Acid-base interactions between PA and pyTTz of CMP lead to H-bonding interactions, where the hydroxy group of PA engaged in weak H-bonding interactions with pyridine and TTz of pyTTz moiety.

The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention.

Changes in the epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza are devastating wild bird and poultry populations, farms and communities, and wild mammals worldwide. Having originated in farmed poultry, H5N1 viruses are now spread globally by wild birds, with transmission to many mammal and avian species, resulting in 2024 in transmission among dairy cattle with associated human cases. These ecological changes pose challenges to mitigating the impacts of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza on wildlife, ecosystems, domestic animals, food security, and humans.

Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors.

Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes.

Recent Developments and Challenges in Projecting the Impact of Crop Productivity Growth on Biodiversity Considering Market-Mediated Effects.

The effect of an increase in crop productivity (output per unit of inputs) on biodiversity is hitherto poorly understood. This is because increased productivity of a crop in particular regions leads to increased profit that can encourage expansion of its cultivated area causing land use change and ultimately biodiversity loss, a phenomenon also known as "Jevons paradox" or the "rebound effect". Modeling such consequences in an interconnected and globalized world considering such rebound effects is challenging.

Developing One Health surveillance systems.

The health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment are inter-dependent. Global anthropogenic change is a key driver of disease emergence and spread and leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem function degradation, which are themselves drivers of disease emergence. Pathogen spill-over events and subsequent disease outbreaks, including pandemics, in humans, animals and plants may arise when factors driving disease emergence and spread converge.

Human Saliva as a Substitute Diagnostic Medium for the Detection of Oral Lesions Using the Stokes Shift Spectroscopy: Discrimination among the Groups by Multivariate Analysis Methods.

Objective: Our objective in the present study is to detect oral mucosal lesions non-invasively by probing two solutions with reference to diagnostic technique and non-invasive media. In the diagnostic technique, Stokes shift (SS) spectroscopy (SSS) has been utilized for the detection of oral lesions. In the diagnostic media, human oral tissue and saliva are included.

Indicators to monitor the status of the tree of life.

Following the failure to fully achieve any of the 20 Aichi biodiversity targets, the future of biodiversity rests in the balance. The Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) presents the opportunity to preserve nature's contributions to people (NCPs) for current and future generations by conserving biodiversity and averting extinctions. There is a need to safeguard the tree of life-the unique and shared evolutionary history of life on Earth-to maintain the benefits it bestows into the future.

Sustainable Food Systems: The Way Forward in the Indian Context.

Current Indian food system is not sustainable as it fails to fulfil its primary function of delivering adequate nutrition to its population while causing high environmental impacts along with widespread poverty among farmers. Here, we discuss how recent research has enabled quantification of a country's current food system sustainability through multiple indicators across nutrition, environmental, and economic dimensions. This data can be used by policy makers, farmers, businesses, consumers, and other stakeholders to make scientific evidence-based informed decisions regarding which diets and food items to promote or discourage in near future to make progress towards sustainability.

Template for Evaluating Cradle-to-Site Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Buildings in India.

A massive amount of building construction is expected in economically developing nations such as India over the next few years. The first step in ensuring that the new construction takes place in a sustainable manner is the knowledge about the building's impact on multiple environmental domains. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a promising tool for this, but its application in the Indian construction sector is hampered by a lack of access to detailed inventory data on amounts of all building materials used and the per unit environmental footprints of individual materials (characterization factors).

Nutrient Adequacy of Global Food Production.

A major challenge for countries around the world is to provide a nutritionally adequate diet to their population with limited available resources. A comprehensive analysis that reflects the adequacy of domestic food production for meeting national nutritional needs in different countries is lacking. Here we combined national crop, livestock, aquaculture, and fishery production statistics for 191 countries obtained from UN FAO with food composition databases from USDA and accounted for food loss and waste occurring at various stages to calculate the amounts of calories and 24 essential nutrients destined for human consumption.

Cuboctahedral [In(μ-OH)(NO)(Imtb)]MOF with Atypical Pyramidal Nitrate Ion in SBU: Lewis Acid-Base Assisted Catalysis and Nanomolar Sensing of Picric Acid.

A robust and multifunctional cuboctahedral [In(μ-OH)(NO)(Imtb)] MOF (In(Imtb)-MOF) with an atypical pyramidal nitrate ion-containing hitherto unknown SBU core [In(μ-OH)(NO)] is reported. The intra- and interlayer nitrate ions adopt pyramidal and inverted pyramidal shapes, which separates the active indium site [(In(μ-OH))NO-(In(μ-OH))] and linear In(μ-OH) by 0.5 and 0.

How to transition to reduced-meat diets that benefit people and the planet.

Overwhelming evidence shows that overconsumption of meat is bad for human and environmental health and that moving towards a more plant-based diet is more sustainable. For instance, replacing beef with beans in the US could free up 42% of US cropland and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 334 mmt, accomplishing 75% of the 2020 carbon reduction target. We summarise the evidence on how overconsumption of meat affects social, environmental and economic sustainability.

Ferromagnetic resonance studies of strain tuned Bi:YIG films.

Bismuth-doped Yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) thin films known for large magneto-optical activity with low losses still need to get probed for its magnetization dynamics. We demonstrate a controlled tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Bi-doped YFeO (Bi:YIG) films of high crystalline quality using growth induced epitaxial strain on [1 1 1]-oriented GdGaO (GGG) substrate. We optimize a growth protocol to get thick highly-strained epitaxial films showing large magneto-crystalline anisotropy, compare to thin films prepared using a different protocol.

Country-Specific Sustainable Diets Using Optimization Algorithm.

Current diets of most nations either do not meet the nutrition recommendations or transgress environmental planetary boundaries or both. Transitioning toward sustainable diets that are nutritionally adequate and low in environmental impact is key in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. However, designing region-specific sustainable diets that are culturally acceptable is a formidable challenge.

Dietary Change Scenarios and Implications for Environmental, Nutrition, Human Health and Economic Dimensions of Food Sustainability.

Demand side interventions, such as dietary change, can significantly contribute towards the achievement of 2030 national sustainable development goals. However, most previous studies analysing the consequences of dietary change focus on a single dimension of sustainability (e.g.

A Copper(II) Nitrite That Exhibits Change of Nitrite Binding Mode and Formation of Copper(II) Nitrosyl Prior to Nitric Oxide Evolution.

The proton-coupled reduction of Cu-bound nitrite (NO) to nitric oxide (NO + 2H + e → NO(g) + HO), such as occurs in the enzyme copper nitrite reductase, is investigated in this work. Our studies focus on the copper(II/I) model complexes [(L2)Cu(HO)Cl] (1), [(L2)Cu(ONO)] (2), [(L2)Cu(CHCO)] (3), and [Co(Cp)][(L2)Cu(NO)(CHCN] (4), where HL2 = N-[2-(methylthio)ethyl]-2'-pyridinecarboxamide. Complex 1 readily reacts with a NO anion to form the nitrito-O-bound copper(II) complex 2.

Extraction of Gd and UO Ions Using Polystyrene Grafted Dibenzo Crown Ether (DB18C6) with Octanol and Nitrobenzene: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed in order to derive thermodynamic properties important to understand the extraction of gadolinium (Gd) and uranium dioxide (UO) with dibenzo crown ether (DBCE) in nitrobenzene (NB) and octanol (OCT) solvents. The effect of polystyrene graft length, on DBCE, on the binding behavior of Gd and UO is investigated for the first time. Our simulation results demonstrate that the binding of Gd and UO onto the oxygens of crown ethers is favorable for polystyrene grafted crown ether in the organic solvents OCT and NB.

Remediation of nitrate-contaminated water by solid-phase denitrification process-a review.

The paper presents a compilation of various autotrophic and heterotrophic ways of solid-phase denitrification. It covers a complete understanding of various pathways followed during denitrification process. The paper gives a brief review on various governing factors on which the process depends.

Friction and wear properties of novel HDPE--HAp--Al2O3 biocomposites against alumina counterface.

In an effort to enhance physical properties of biopolymers (high-density polyethylene, HDPE) in terms of elastic modulus and hardness, various ceramic fillers, like alumina (Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are added, and therefore it is essential to assess the friction and wear resistance properties of HDPE biocomposites. In this perspective, HDPE composites with varying ceramic filler content (upto 40 vol%) were fabricated under the optimal compression molding conditions and their friction and wear properties were evaluated against Al2O3 at fretting contacts. All the experiments were conducted at a load of 10 N for duration of 100,000 cycles in both dry as well as simulated body fluid (SBF).