42,641 results match your criteria: "Indian Institute of Technology[Affiliation]"

Can mathematical proofs be employed for the solution of fundamental molecular-level problems in biology? Recently, I mathematically tackled complex mechanistic problems arising during the synthesis of the universal biological currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the FF-ATP synthase, nature's smallest rotary molecular motor, using graph-theoretical and combinatorial approaches for the membrane-bound F and water-soluble F domains of this fascinating molecule (see Nath in Theory Biosci 141:249‒260, 2022 and Theory Biosci 143:217‒227, 2024). In the third part of this trilogy, I investigate another critical aspect of the molecular mechanism-that of coupling between the F and F domains of the ATP synthase mediated by the central γ-subunit of nanometer diameter. According to Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis the γ-subunit twists during ATP synthesis and the release of stored torsional energy in the central γ-stalk causes conformational changes in the catalytic sites that lead to ATP synthesis, with 1 ATP molecule synthesized per discrete 120° rotation.

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Beyond predation: Fish-coral interactions can tip the scales of coral disease.

J Theor Biol

December 2024

Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, West Bengal, India.

Coral reefs are critical ecosystems, fostering biodiversity and sustaining the livelihoods of millions globally. Nonetheless, they confront escalating threats, with infectious diseases emerging as primary catalysts for extensive damage, surpassing the impacts of other human-induced stressors. Disease transmission via biotic factors, particularly during fish predation, is a crucial yet often overlooked pathway.

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Theta-Gamma Decoupling - A neurophysiological marker of impaired reward processing in Parkinson's disease.

Brain Res

December 2024

Human Motor Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. Electronic address:

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit altered reward processing, reflected by a decreased amplitude of an event-related potential (ERP) marker called reward positivity (RewP). Most studies have used RewP to investigate reward behavior due to the high temporal resolution of EEG and its high sensitivity. However, traditional single-electrode ERP analyses often overlook the intricate dynamics of non-phase-locked oscillatory activity and the complex interactions within these neural oscillatory patterns.

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Xylose, a key constituent of the heterogeneous hemicellulose polymer, occurs in lignocellulosic biomass and forms xylan polymers through β-1,4 glycosidic linkages. The β-1,4-xylosidase enzyme was isolated from Pseudopedobacter saltans (PsGH43) to find an effective enzyme with enhanced activity to depolymerize xylo-oligosaccharides. β-1,4-xylosidase belongs to the GH43 family as classified in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Database (CAZy).

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The identification of recyclable resources are extremely important to balance the growing demand for polymer composite 3D printing and sustainable manufacturing. In the present study, SS 316L powder particle infused PLA filaments are fabricated by deriving PLA from discarded bi-material extrudates, adopting solvent mixing methodology. The matrix reclaimability, composite feedstock fabrication, extrudability and printability are investigated by increasing the solid loading from 10 - 40 wt%.

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The present work focuses on the photophysical behavior of meso-N-butylcarbazole-substituted BODIPY (CBZ-BDP) in different organized media towards exploring the possible use of the dye as a molecular sensor and imaging agent. The molecule shows an appreciable change in absorption and emission spectra at 75% water-acetonitrile mixture compared to pure acetonitrile. In water-acetonitrile mixture, it displays aggregate-induced emission (AIE) bands.

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Nano-assisted delivery tools for plant genetic engineering: a review on recent developments.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

December 2024

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.

Conventional approaches like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, viral transduction, biolistic particle bombardment, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-facilitated delivery methods have been optimized for transporting specific genes to various plant cells. These conventional approaches in genetically modified crops are dependent on several factors like plant types, cell types, and genotype requirements, as well as numerous disadvantages such as time-consuming, untargeted distribution of genes, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested to develop novel techniques for the transportation of genes in crop plants using tailored nanoparticles (NPs) of manipulative and controlled high-performance features synthesized using green and chemical routes.

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Rapid urbanization has altered land use and land cover to accommodate the growing population. This shift towards urbanization has resulted in the UHI effect, where the inner urban core is notably warmer than its surroundings. Existing research on UHI has primarily focused on major cities at the regional scale, leaving a gap in addressing the effect of extreme UHI zones within a city.

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Exploring the role of pomalidomide in androgen-dependent prostate cancer: a computational analysis.

Mol Divers

December 2024

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.

Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most prevalent cancers in males. It is the leading cause of death in men, in around 48 out of 185 countries. Increased androgen receptor (AR) activity is the key factor contributing to the development or progression of newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer.

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The Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) serves as a formidable barrier to viral replication by generating stress granules (SGs) in response to viral infections. Interestingly, viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have evolved defensive mechanisms to hijack SG proteins like G3BP1 for the dissipation of SGs that lead to the evasion of the host's immune responses. Previous research has demonstrated that the interaction between the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1 (G3BP1) and the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD-N) of the N-protein plays a crucial role in regulating viral replication and pathogenicity.

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The Himalayas experiences several cloudburst events due to its varied physiographical, geomorphological, and geological conditions and high rainfall. Uttarakhand is one of the Indian states circumscribed by the Himalayan ranges and has experienced a rise in the number of cloudburst catastrophes in the last few decades. These events cause substantial loss of life and property; however, very few studies have characterized these unpredictable cloudburst-induced flash floods in different regions of Uttarakhand.

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A smartphone-enabled colorimetric sensor based on VS quantum dots for Rapid and on-site detection of ferric ions.

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc

December 2024

Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address:

This research delves into the holistic hydrothermal synthesis of VS QDs and their subsequent utilization as a fluorescent probe for the subtle detection of ferric ions (Fe) in practical sample matrices. The detection paradigms harness a colorimetric sensing mechanism, amplified by smartphone-enabled analytical integration for improved precision and real-time monitoring. A comprehensive suite of analytical characterization techniques has been employed, revealing that the as-synthesized VS QDs feature a surface densely populated with functional groups.

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Countries in South Asia are suffering severe PM pollution with rapid economic development, impacting human health and the environment. Whilst much attention has been given to understanding the contribution of primary emissions, the contribution of agriculture to PM concentrations, especially from agricultural ammonia (NH) emissions, remains less explored. Using an advanced regional atmospheric chemistry and transport modelling system (WRF-EMEP) with a new estimate of anthropogenic NH emissions inputs, we estimate the influence of agricultural NH emissions on surface PM in South Asia and evaluate the health impacts and the economic losses attributable to PM in 2018.

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Driving is a multifaceted activity involving a complex interplay of cognitive, perceptual, and motor skills, demanding continuous attention on the road. In recent years, the increased integration of automation and digitalization technologies in vehicles has improved drivers' convenience and safety. However, the spare attentional capacity available during automation and the prevalence of various infotainment systems in vehicles enable drivers to perform some secondary tasks not related to driving, which may divert their attention away from the road, increasing the chances of accidents.

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Reinvestigation of the mechanism of dioxygen activation at a Mn(cyclam) center.

J Inorg Biochem

December 2024

Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

This study deals with the unprecedented reactivity of a [(cyclam)Mn(OTf)] (3-cis; OTf = CFSO) with O, which, depending on the presence or absence of a hydrogen atom donor like 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine (TEMPO-H), selectively generates di-μ-oxo Mn(III)Mn(IV) (1) or Mn (2) complexes, respectively. Both dimers have been characterized by different techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxygenation reactions carried out with labeled O and Resonance Raman spectroscopy unambiguously show that the oxygen atoms present in the MnMn dimer originate from O.

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Chromosome condensation plays a pivotal role during faithful chromosome segregation, hence, understanding the factors that drive condensation is crucial to get mechanistic insight into chromosome segregation. Previously, we showed that in budding yeast, the absence of the non-essential kinetochore proteins affects chromatin-condensin association in meiosis but not in mitosis. A differential organization of the kinetochores, that we and others observed earlier during mitosis and meiosis may contribute to the meiotic-specific role.

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We report a cascade approach for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles derivatives via a formal [4 + 1] annulation reaction of α,β-unsaturated imines with generated pyridinium ylides. Importantly, this protocol is compatible with diverse substituted imines as well as pyridinium ylides, constructing 2,3-dihydropyrroles with excellent yield and selectivity. Thereafter, the Merrifield resin-supported pyridinium ylide as a potential C1 synthon was also employed in our strategy and reused several times, resulting in products with excellent yield and diastereoselectivity.

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We report a visible-light-assisted tandem oxidative 5--dig cyclization of 1,6-enynes for the synthesis of aminated C-3 aryloylated benzofuran, furopyridine, benzothiophene, and indole derivatives. The nitrogen-centered radical generated in situ from -aminopyridinium salt initiates the consecutive formation of C-N, C-C, and C-O bonds. The methodology exhibits good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity, furnishing products in good to excellent yields at room temperature.

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Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is utilized by many Gram-negative bacteria to eliminate competing bacterial species and manipulate host cells. ATCC 17978 utilizes T6SS at the expense of losing pAB3 plasmid to induce contact-dependent killing of competitor microbes, resulting in the loss of antibiotic resistance carried by pAB3. However, the regulatory network associated with T6SS in remains poorly understood.

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Introduction: Robust connections have been identified between the pathophysiology of mental disorders and the functioning of the circadian system. The overarching objective of this study was to investigate the potential for circadian rhythms to be leveraged for therapeutics in mental disorders.

Methods: We considered two approaches to chronotherapy-optimal timing of existing medications ("clocking the drugs") and redressing circadian abnormalities with small molecules ("drugging the clock").

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Bigels are promising technological advancements for application in the food industry, e.g., texture modification, controlled release, bioactive encapsulation, etc.

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Effects of Congestion in Human Lung Investigated Using Dual-Scale Porous Medium Models.

Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng

January 2025

Heat Transfer and Thermal Power Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a primary chronic respiratory disease associated with pulmonary congestion that restricts airflow and thereby affects the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood capillaries in the lungs. Dual scale-global and local-porous medium models have been developed and reported in this work, to study the effects of air-side congestion on the blood-oxygen content in the alveolar region of the human lung. The human lung is model as a global, equivalent, heterogeneous porous medium comprising three zones with distinct permeabilities related to their progressively complex branching structure.

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Soybean-wheat sequence, one of the most vital cropping systems for farmers, has been suffering for productivity stagnation and decline due to several factors. Strategic management of the inputs particularly the nutrients could aid the crops achieve optimum growth and yield. Keeping this in mind, four years of field experiment was conducted to study the effect of combining inorganic as well as organic nutrient sources using soil-test-crop-response (STCR) approach in a randomized block design having ten treatments including control, 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), 50% RDF, 100% RDF + 5 kg Zn ha (100% RDF + Zn), 100% RDF + 5 t farmyard manure ha (100% RDF + FYM), 50% RDF + 5 t farmyard manure ha (50% RDF + FYM), STCR inorganic with target yield-I (STCR TY-I), STCR inorganic with TY-II, STCR integrated with TY-I (STCR TY-I) and STCR integrated with TY-II (STCR TY-II) with each treatment replicated thrice.

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