Bat RNA viruses employ viral RHIMs orchestrating species-specific cell death programs linked to Z-RNA sensing and ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling.

RHIM is a protein motif facilitating the assembly of large signaling complexes triggering regulated cell death. A few DNA viruses employ viral RHIMs mimicking host RHIMs and counteract cell death by interacting with host RHIM-proteins to alleviate antiviral defenses. Whether RNA viruses operate such viral RHIMs remains unknown.

miR-198 targets : implications for oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis.

Background: miRNAs play a critical role in the progression of various diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which represents a major health concern and is one of the leading causes for new cancer cases worldwide. The miRNA dysregulation causes havoc and could be attributed to various factors, with epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes being a major contributor to tumorigenesis. In this study, we have explored the tumor suppressive role of miR-198 in OSCC.

Cyclic di-AMP regulates genome stability and drug resistance in through RecA-dependent and RecA-independent recombination.

In , RecA plays a central role in the rescue of stalled replication forks, double-strand break (DSB) repair, homologous recombination (HR), and induction of the SOS response. While the RecA-dependent pathway is dominant, alternative HR pathways that function independently of RecA do exist, but relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism. Several studies have documented that a variety of proteins act as either positive or negative regulators of RecA to ensure high-fidelity HR and genomic stability.

Effects of adaptation to crowded larval environment on the evolution of sperm competitive ability in males of .

Two of the most important environmental factors that affect the sperm competitive ability in males are the availability of resources and the socio-sexual environment. Numerous studies have investigated the individual effects of these factors, but their combined effect on the evolution of sperm competitive ability remains untested. A crowded larval environment is unique because it simultaneously affects the fitness of the organism through both resource availability and the socio-sexual environment.

Salmonella Typhimurium effector SseI regulates host peroxisomal dynamics to acquire lysosomal cholesterol.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (Salmonella) resides and multiplies intracellularly in cholesterol-rich compartments called Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs) with actin-rich tubular extensions known as Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs). SCV maturation depends on host-derived cholesterol, but the transport mechanism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol to SCVs remains unclear. Here we find that peroxisomes are recruited to SCVs and function as pro-bacterial organelle.

Single-Molecule Tracking dataset for histone H3 (hht1) from live and fixed cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Single-molecule tracking provides direct real-time measurements of protein dynamics in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. In the last decade, this method has been adopted by several labs to understand the dynamics of DNA replication, transcription, telomerase, chromatin remodeling, etc. in a variety of model systems (bacteria, yeast S.

Structural mechanism of CBR binding to peripheral and biased inverse agonists.

The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBR) regulates synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, but also has important roles in the peripheral organs controlling cellular metabolism. While earlier generations of brain penetrant CBR antagonists advanced to the clinic for their effective treatment of obesity, such molecules were ultimately shown to exhibit negative effects on central reward pathways that thwarted their further therapeutic development. The peripherally restricted CBR inverse agonists MRI-1867 and MRI-1891 represent a new generation of compounds that retain the metabolic benefits of CBR inhibitors while sparing the negative psychiatric effects.

Identification of an Isoxazole Derivative as an Antitubercular Compound for Targeting the FadD Enzymes of .

FadD32, a fatty acyl-AMP ligase, plays an indispensable role in mycobacterial mycolic acid synthesis and is a validated target for tuberculosis (TB) drug development. The crystal structure of (Mtb)FadD32 has laid the foundation of structure-based drug discovery against this crucial enzyme. Here, we screened the "isoxazole" scaffold containing molecules against MtbFadD32 and identified a compound 2,4-dibromo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol (M1) with specific inhibitory activity against Mtb.

induced SIRT1 and SIRT3 are crucial for maintaining the metabolic switch in bacteria and host for successful pathogenesis.

Sirtuins are the major players in host immunometabolic regulation. However, the role of sirtuins in the modulation of the immune metabolism pertaining to salmonellosis is largely unknown. Here, our investigation focussed on the role of two important sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT3, shedding light on their impact on intracellular 's metabolic switch and pathogenesis establishment.

Bicontinuous Nanoparticles from Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Prodrug in Aqueous Medium for Potential Cancer Therapy.

Despite having several advantages, bicontinuously structured polymeric nanoparticles (BSPNPs) are far less explored in the field of controlled drug delivery owing to the requirement of complex precursor copolymers and the associated multistep synthetic procedures. In this work, we report the synthesis of a redox-sensitive diblock copolymer (P1), which was subsequently utilized to prepare doxorubicin (DOX) containing a pH-labile prodrug (P2). P1 and P2 spontaneously self-assembled in aqueous media above their critical aggregation concentration, forming micellar nanoparticles with rare bicontinuous morphology that promotes loading of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargoes in different compartments.

Synthesis, structure, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and visible-light assisted organic reaction studies on AMTeBO (A = Ba and Pb; M = Mg, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe).

Compounds with the general formula AMTeBO (A = Ba and Pb; M = Mg, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe) have been synthesised solid-state techniques and characterised. The structure exhibits MBO layers connected by TeO octahedra giving rise to a three-dimensional structure with voids, where Ba ions reside. Substitution of Mg by transition elements (M = Co, Ni, and Cu) in BaMgTeBO and (BaPb)MgTeBO gives rise to interesting colored compounds.

Isolation of mixed valence charge-neutral Ag, and dicationic Ag nano-clusters stabilized by carbene-phosphaalkenides.

Cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)-supported phosphaalkenides (cAACP) have been employed as ligands for the isolation of two atomically precise mixed valence paramagnetic AgI/012Cl, and AgI/010, nano-clusters [(Me-cAACP)AgCl] (2), and [(Me-cAACP)Ag](NTf) (4). 2 and 4 have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealing the presence of three Ag atoms, nine Ag ions (2); and two Ag atoms, eight Ag ions (4), respectively. The clustering inorganic unit AgCl in 2 has been found to be surrounded by six mono-anionic μ-cAACP moieties having 3-bar symmetry.

Highly Sensitive Naphthalene-Based Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer Molecules for the Detection of In Vitro and In Cellulo Protein Aggregates.

Newly synthesized naphthalene-based twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) molecules show 8.5- and 2.6-fold increases in fluorescence intensity upon binding with protein aggregates in comparison with the fluorescence enhancement for thioflavin T (ThT).

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis: from fundamentals to frontiers.

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been used as organocatalysts for a multitude of C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. They enable diverse modalities of activating a wide range of structurally distinct substrate classes and allow access to electronically distinct intermediates. The easy tunability of the NHC scaffold contributes to its versatility.

Morpholine Anchored Fluorogenic Toolkit: Unveiled Disease Allied Protein Fibrillation in Lysosomal Compartment of Live-Cell and Drosophila Models.

The aberrant accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative ailments, necessitating the development of sensitive and selective tools for their detection. Herein, we report a series of morpholine-anchored fluorescent probes, denoted as SC-nmor (n = 2, 4, 6), designed for facile visualization of protein aggregates. These probes display notable changes in their photophysical properties upon binding with protein aggregates, owing to their high sensitivity to the fibrillar microenvironment.

Evidence that the de Almeida-Thouless transition disappears below six dimensions.

One of the key predictions of Parisi's broken replica symmetry theory of spin glasses is the existence of a phase transition in an applied field to a state with broken replica symmetry. This transition takes place at the de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line in the h-T plane. We have studied this line in the power-law diluted Heisenberg spin glass in which the probability that two spins separated by a distance r interact with each other falls as 1/r^{2σ}.

Response of chemically active dimer motor in phase-separating binary fluid mixture: Motility regulation and self-aggregation.

The design of synthetic chemically powered nanomotors often considers the fuel and product to be miscible. The propulsion properties of such motors can be altered if the binary fluid consisting of fuel and product is phase separating. The dynamical properties of a dimer motor in a phase-separating binary mixture are discussed.

Clausius' theorem and the second law in the process of isoenergetic thermalization.

Isoenergetic thermalization amongst n bodies is a well-known irreversible process, bringing the bodies to a common temperature T_{F} and leading to a rise in the total entropy of the bodies. We express this change in entropy using the Clausius formula over a reversible path connecting T_{F} with T_{f}, which corresponds to the entropy-preserving temperature of the initial nonequilibrium state. Under the assumption of positive heat capacities of the bodies, the second law inequality simply follows from the fact that T_{F}>T_{f}.

Emergence of biphasic versus monotonic response of actin retrograde flow and cell traction force with varying substrate rigidity.

The transmission of cytoskeletal forces to the extracellular matrix through focal adhesion complexes is essential for a multitude of biological processes, such as cell migration, cell differentiation, tissue development, and cancer progression, among others. During migration, focal adhesions arrest the actin retrograde flow towards the cell interior, allowing the cell front to move forward. Here, we address a puzzling observation of the existence of two distinct phenomena: a biphasic vs a monotonic relationship of the retrograde flow and cell traction force with substrate rigidity.

Dynamic regulation of ion transport through a bis(1,3-propanediol)-based channel allosteric azobenzene photoswitching.

The transportation of ions across cell membranes is vital in biological functions and is frequently controlled by external triggers like light, ligands, and voltage. Synthetic ion transport systems, particularly those featuring gating mechanisms, have attracted considerable interest. In this research, we engineered self-assembled barrel rosette ion channels using a photoresponsive azobenzene integrated at an allosteric site.

Towards White Light Emission Through Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer (MMCT) Effect in Bi3+ Activated Ca2YTi2-mZrmGa3O12 (0 ≤ m ≤ 2) Garnets.

Herein, we report the high-temperature solid-state synthesis and intriguing optical features of Bi3+/Ln3+ doped Ca2YTi2Ga3O12 (CYT). The optical properties of CYT were fine-tuned by judiciously substituting Zr4+ ions at Ti4+ sites and Bi3+, Ln3+ ions at Y3+ sites. All these compounds are crystallized in a cubic crystal system with an Ia-3d (no.

Multichromophoric Triad and g-C3N4 Composite as Efficient Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes.

In this work, we have synthesized a multichromophoric light-harvesting antenna, namely, triad, consisting of naphthalene monoimide (NMI) and perylene monoimide (PMI) chromophores. Triad was adsorbed onto polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to form triad/g-C3N4 composite, utilized as a photocatalyst for oxidative amidation reaction. This composite photocatalyst demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity for the conversion of a variety of aldehydes to amides, leading up to 82% product yield compared to only g-C3N4 or only triad as photocatalysts.

Similar structure but different thermodynamic, dielectric, and frictional properties of confined water in twisted 2D materials: MoS graphene.

Water-based nanofluidic devices, where water is confined in Angstrom scale nanochannels, are widely encountered in nanotechnology. Although it is known that the material of confinement has a significant influence on the properties of confined water, much less is known of the relationship between the structure of nanoconfined water and its properties, impacting the design of nanofluidic devices. We explore the behavior of a confined water monolayer within a bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) structure, comparing its behavior with that within bilayer graphene.

Heart Rate and its Variability From Short-Term ECG Recordings as Potential Biomarkers for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Alterations in Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) reflect autonomic dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration making them biomarkers suitable for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The study involves 297 urban Indian participants [48.48% (144) were male and 51.