Crabtree effect in yeast: a phosphate tug-of-war between fermentation and respiration.

The Crabtree effect in yeast, where cells prefer fermentation over respiration in high -glucose environments, is associated with mitochondrial repression, but the molecular mechanisms were previously unclear. Recently, Vengayil et al. revealed that knocking out the ubp3 gene, encoding a deubiquitinase enzyme, mitigates the Crabtree effect by increasing mitochondrial phosphate levels.

Rational Synthesis of Highly Stable Dithienopyrrole-Embedded BODIPYs Exhibiting Large Stokes Shift.

A series of dithienopyrrole (DTP) embedded BODIPYs were synthesized and structurally characterized. These BODIPYs have strong absorption in the green region and broad emission in the red region with a large Stokes shift ranging from 3100 to 4200 cm. Interestingly, all three BODIPYs show intramolecular charge transfer interaction (ICT).

Comprehensive Investigation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Networks for Identifying Multispecies Tomato Insect Images.

Deep learning applications in agriculture are advancing rapidly, leveraging data-driven learning models to enhance crop yield and nutrition. Tomato (), a vegetable crop, frequently suffers from pest damage and drought, leading to reduced yields and financial losses to farmers. Accurate detection and classification of tomato pests are the primary steps of integrated pest management practices, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Metal Nanoclusters for Interface Engineering and Improved Photovoltaic Performance in Organic Solar Cells.

Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs), synthesized by a one-pot synthesis method, were theoretically shown to exhibit a dipole moment and cause work function modification on a surface as observed from Kelvin probe measurement. Here, Cu NCs were used as an interfacial modifier in organic solar cells (OSCs). The effective engineering of the electron transporting layer/active layer interface using Cu NCs resulted in improved photovoltaic performance in fullerene and non-fullerene based OSCs.

Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidations with In Situ-Generated Hypervalent Iodine-Based Porous Organic Polymers.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) are novel emergent materials for heterogeneous organocatalysis owing to their remarkable physicochemical stabilities. Through a bottom-up approach entailing diligent design of twisted biaryl building blocks with in-built o-iodobenzoic acid (IA) moieties, a series of POP precatalysts, p-OMeIA-POP, DiMeIA-POP, and m-OMeIA-POP, were synthesized by employing Friedel-Crafts alkylation. These IA-POP precatalysts can undergo in situ oxidation in the presence of Oxone® to generate hypervalent iodine(V) species (λ5-iodanes), in particular, modified o-iodoxybenzoic acid, popularly termed IBX, which mediates diverse oxidative transformations.

Anxiety in aquatics: Leveraging machine learning models to predict adult zebrafish behavior.

Accurate analysis of anxiety behaviors in animal models is pivotal for advancing neuroscience research and drug discovery. This study compares the potential of DeepLabCut, ZebraLab, and machine learning models to analyze anxiety-related behaviors in adult zebrafish. Using a dataset comprising video recordings of unstressed and pre-stressed zebrafish, we extracted features such as total inactivity duration/immobility, time spent at the bottom, time spent at the top and turn angles (large and small).

Novel Class of Ambipolar Columnar Liquid Crystals Based on Cyclic Dipeptide and Isatin Hybrids.

A new class of cyclic dipeptide-isatin hybrids was synthesized using 2,5-diketopiperazine and various isatin derivatives bearing flexible chains and extended aromatic rings in a double Knoevenagel condensation process. These new series demonstrate high solubility and good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures exceeding 370 °C, especially the molecular design with efficient space-filling (CI5 and CI6) stabilized columnar liquid crystalline phase. The hole and electron carrier mobility of the CI5 compound, measured using the space charge limited current (SCLC) technique, were found to be 9.

Advancing 2D material predictions: superior work function estimation with atomistic line graph neural networks.

Despite the increased research and scholarly attention on two-dimensional (2D) materials, there is still a limited range of practical applications for these materials. This is because it is challenging to acquire properties that are usually obtained by experiments or first-principles predictions, which require substantial time and resources. Descriptor-based machine learning models frequently require further density functional theory (DFT) calculations to enhance prediction accuracy due to the intricate nature of the systems and the constraints of the descriptors employed.

Defects in MOFs for Photocatalytic Water Reduction to Hydrogen Generation: From Fundamental Understanding to State-of-Art Materials.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly studied for solar H production from HO due to their abundant active sites and open pore channels. Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) MOFs are particularly noted for their stability and optoelectronic properties, resembling conventional metal oxide semiconductors. These MOFs allow molecular-level tuning to alter optoelectronic properties, creating opportunities to enhance catalytic activity.

Quantum spin-liquid in BaCuSbOepitaxial thin films.

Hexagonal perovskite materials are emerging quantum spin liquid (QSL) systems providing a fertile ground to realize novel quantum phenomena. The epitaxially grown thin films of such materials offer a compelling approach to utilize exotic quantum phases for device applications with better control over the structure. We fabricate the intriguing QSL triple perovskite BaCuSbOepitaxially onto a MgO (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique as well as in bulk form for comparison.

Homochiral Self-Sorting During Macrocycle Formation and their Chiroptical Properties.

Several BINOL-derived C2-symmetric aldehydes were synthesized to investigate chiral self-sorting phenomena during macrocycle formation in the presence of aliphatic and aromatic bisamines. While self-sorting was unsuccessful with aliphatic amines, aromatic amine dictated complete homochiral self-sorting, confirmed by H NMR analysis and molecular modelling. Additionally, the impact of macrocyclization on the chiroptical properties of these macrocycles was examined.

Resonance plasmonic coupling: selective enhancement of band edge emission over trap state emission of CdSe quantum dots.

The photoluminescence properties of quantum dots (QDs) are often enhanced by eliminating surface trap states through chemical methods. Alternatively, a physical approach is presented here for improving photoluminescence purity in QDs by employing frequency-specific plasmon resonance coupling. Emitter-bound plasmonic hybrids are designed by electrostatically binding negatively charged QDs in water to positively charged gold nanoparticles having a thin polymer coating.

Alkenylation of unactivated alkanes: synthesis of -alkenes dual Co-TBADT catalysis.

Hydroalkylation of terminal alkynes C-H activation is the most atom-economical and straightforward method for synthesizing alkenes. They remain confined to using C(sp)-H or activated C(sp)-H bonds. A chelating group enabled the alkenylation of C(sp)-H bonds, resulting in alkenes.

Magnetic Anisotropic Effects in Charged Aza[10]annulene Analogs with a Non-planar Carbon Framework.

Classically, aromaticity portrays the unique stability and peculiar reactivities of cyclic planar conjugated systems with (4n+2) π electrons. Understanding the electronic environments in new chemical frameworks through experimental and theoretical validation is central to this ever-expanding theme in chemical science. Such investigations in curved π-surfaces have special significance as they can unravel the variations when the planarity requirement is slightly lifted.

Apicomplexan Espionage: Orchestrated Miscommunication at the Host-Parasite Interface.

Intracellular parasites, including and , are entirely reliant on the active scavenging of host-derived nutrients to fuel their replicative cycle, as they are confined within a specialized membrane-bound compartment, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Initial observations, based on the proximity of host vesicles to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), suggested that parasites utilize host vesicles to obtain essential nutrients. However, mounting evidence has now unequivocally demonstrated that intracellular pathogens establish membrane contacts with host organelles, establishing control over host cellular machinery.

Computational insights into selective glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) conversion by reducing humins formation in aqueous media under Brønsted acid-catalyzed conditions.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is known for its potential in biofuel production and as a platform chemical for many commercially important molecules. The cost-effective large-scale production of HMF from glucose is hampered by its poor yield in aqueous media due to the formation of polymeric side products known as humins. Thus, reducing humins formation is a strategy for the efficient conversion of glucose to HMF.

Role of Charge Density and Surface Area of Tailored Ionic Porous Organic Polymers for Adsorption and Antibacterial Actions.

The development of high-performance adsorbents for environmental remediation is a current need, and ionic porous organic polymers (iPOPs), due to their high physicochemical stability, high surface area, added electrostatic interaction, and easy reusability, have already established themselves as a better adsorbent. However, research on the structural design of high-performance iPOP-based adsorbents is still nascent. This study explored the building blocks' role in optimizing the polymers' charge density and surface area to develop better polymeric adsorbents.

A Syndiotactic Polymer via Spontaneous Exoselective Single-Crystal-To-Single-Crystal Topochemical Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reaction.

We designed and synthesized an amide-based monomer decorated with furan as the diene unit and maleimide as the dienophile unit at its termini. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis of its crystal revealed a head-to-tail arrangement of molecules with furan and maleimide groups of neighboring molecules proximally placed in an arrangement suitable for their topochemical Diels-Alder cycloaddition (TDAC) to form a linear polymer. The monomer underwent a spontaneous single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) polymerization at room temperature, yielding a linear polymer with oxa-bicyclic linkage.

EGF-mediated Golgi dynamics and cell migration require CARP2.

In mammalian cells, the Golgi exists in ribbon architecture-individual stacks laterally linked to each other by tubular structures. Golgi architecture changes dynamically to cater to cellular needs. Loss of architecture is linked with pathological conditions like cancer and neurodegeneration.

Larval growth rate is not a major determinant of adult wing shape and eyespot size in the seasonally polyphenic butterfly .

Background: Insects often show adaptive phenotypic plasticity where environmental cues during early stages are used to produce a phenotype that matches the environment experienced by adults. Many tropical satyrine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) are seasonally polyphenic and produce distinct wet- and dry-season form adults, providing tight environment-phenotype matching in seasonal environments. In studied Mycalesina butterflies, dry-season forms can be induced in the laboratory by growing larvae at low temperatures or on poor food quality.

Enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction activity through defects and strain engineering in monolayer MoS.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has recently emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the poor in-plane electrical conductivity and inert basal plane activity pose major challenges in realizing its practical application. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach to induce biaxial strain into CVD-grown MoS monolayers by draping it over an array of patterned gold nanopillar arrays (AuNAs) as an efficient strategy to enhance its HER activity.

Role of ancillary ligands in -nitrosothiol and NO generation from nitrite-thiol interactions at mononuclear zinc(ii) sites.

Generation of -nitrosothiol (RSNO) and nitric oxide (NO) mediated by zinc(ii) coordination motifs is of prime importance for understanding the role of zinc(ii)-based cofactors in redox-signalling pathways. This study uniquely employs a set of mononuclear [LZn] cores (where L = MePzPz/MePzPy/MePzQu) for introducing subtle alterations of the primary coordination sphere and investigates the role of ligand tuning in the transformation of NO in the presence of thiols. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses on [LZn-X](X) (where X = perchlorate/triflate) illustrate consistent changes in the bond distances, thereby showing variations of the metal-ligand interactions depending on the nature of the heterocyclic donor arms (pyrazole/pyridine/quinoline).