Postpartum Depression and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most prevalent psychological disorder after childbirth associated with a negative impact on the daily functioning of mothers and the cognitive development of infants. Inequitable primary mental health access in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) further aggravates this major public health problem. Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and determinants of PPD among women reporting to secondary care facilities in Delhi, India.

Prevalence of obesity, determinants, and its association with hyperglycaemia among community dwelling older adolescents in India.

Background: Globally, obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) are emergent public health concerns in the adolescent population. India, home to the largest adolescent population and the second largest diabetes cohort is experiencing rapid but unplanned urbanization, with accompanying unhealthy nutritional transition, and sedentary lifestyle.

Aim: To determine prevalence and determinants of obesity and hyperglycaemia and their association among community-dwelling older adolescents (15-19 years) in India.

Sales and regulatory status of fixed dose combination psychotropic drugs in India: a retrospective longitudinal study.

Background: There is limited evidence to support use of fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine the sales and regulatory status of psychotropic FDCs in India, in the context of two government regulatory initiatives.

Methods: Official documents were searched to establish an account of the initiatives and measures targeting psychotropic FDCs.

Hypertension care cascade and their determinants among older adolescents in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Adolescent hypertension in India is an emergent public health concern with lack of programmatic focus on regular screening amongst both individuals and healthcare providers. This study was conducted to assess the hypertension care cascade (prevalence, awareness, treatment and control status of hypertension) from nationally representative data. We used data from the demographic and health surveillance (DHS) comprising India's National Family Health Survey Fifth Round (2019-2021).

The Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Factors, Including Food Security in Community Dwelling Older Adults with Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India.

Background: The global increase in multimorbidity among older adults is a result of ongoing epidemiological and demographic transitions. This study focuses on the prevalence and determinants of frailty in this demographic in India, accounting for the potential mediating role of food insecurity.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and determinants of frailty among older Indian adults with multimorbidity, and to ascertain the mediating effect of food insecurity on frailty.

COVID-19 Resilience and Risk Reduction Intervention in Rural Populations of Western India: Retrospective Evaluation.

Background: Globally, especially in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rural populations were more susceptible to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to lower levels of community awareness, poor hygiene, and health literacy accompanying pre-existing weak public health systems. Consequently, various community-based interventions were engineered in rural regions worldwide to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic by empowering people to mount both individual and collective public health responses against the pandemic. However, to date, there is paucity of information on the effectiveness of any large-scale community intervention in controlling and mitigating the effects of COVID-19, especially from the perspective of LMICs.

The burden and care cascade in young and middle-aged patients with diabetes hypertension comorbidity with abdominal obesity in India: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

We ascertained the burden, determinants, and care cascade in the young and middle-aged patients having co-existing hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and abdominal obesity in India from a secondary data analysis of nationally representative data. The study examined cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in India from 2019 to 2021 in 788974 individuals aged 15-49 years including 695707 women and 93267 men. The weighted prevalence of DM-HTN comorbidity with high waist circumference in the sample was 0.

Novel genomic variants related to visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) in Indian sib-pairs.

Background: Obesity is among the leading public health threats globally. Over the last few years, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI), derived from anthropometric, and biochemical measures, have gained importance as a measure of obesity. However, unlike other common indices like body mass index, and waist circumference, the genetic predisposition of VAI, and BAI under-examined.

Risk assessment of diabetes using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score among older adults: Secondary analysis from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.

Background: The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple tool to assess the probability of an individual having type 2 diabetes (T2DM) but its applicability in community-dwelling older adults is lacking. This study aimed to estimate the risk of T2DM and its determinants among older adults without prior diabetes (DM) using the IDRS, while also assessing its sensitivity and specificity in individuals with a history of diabetes.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1 (2017-18).

The prevalence of depression, determinants, and linkage with functional disability amongst postmenopausal women in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.

Background: The study objective was estimating the prevalence and determinants of depression amongst postmenopausal women in India. Additionally, we used panel mediation analysis to model the extent to which multimorbidity was associated with depression after adjusting for the effects of functional disability in the participants.

Methods: Data from 28,160 women aged 50 and above from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 were analyzed.

Metabolic syndrome burden, determinants and treatment status in an urban slum resettlement colony in Delhi, India.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in low-resource settings contributes to accentuated risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke. The study objective was to estimate the prevalence, determinants and treatment status of MetS in an urban slum resettlement population in Delhi, India.

Methods: This study was conducted from February to May 2023.

Sleep problems and their predictors in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.

Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence and predictors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among older adults with Diabetes (DM) in India, and to assess the relationship between sleep quality and DM.

Methods: Data was utilized from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (Wave-1, 2017-18), with a total sample of 66606 older adults (≥45 years) selected for the study. Sleep problems and sleep quality score were assessed using an adaptation based on the Jenkins Sleep Scale.

Field based research in the era of the pandemic in resource limited settings: challenges and lessons for the future.

The coronavirus pandemic that began in December 2019, has had an unprecedented impact on the global economy, health systems and infrastructure, in addition to being responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The "new normal" has brought along, unforeseen challenges for the scientific community, owing to obstructions in conducting field-based research in lieu of minimizing exposure through in-person contact. This has had greater ramifications for the LMICs, adding to the already existing concerns.

Evaluation of genetic variants related to lipid levels among the North Indian population.

A heavy burden of cardiometabolic conditions on low- and middle-income countries like India that are rapidly undergoing urbanization remains unaddressed. Indians are known to have high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C along with moderately higher levels of LDL-C. The genome-wide findings from Western populations need to be validated in an Indian context for a better understanding of the underlying etiology of dyslipidemia in India.

Sarcopenic Obesity Burden, Determinants, and Association With Risk of Frailty, Falls, and Functional Impairment in Older Adults With Diabetes: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a medical and functional state characterized by the coexistence of excessive adipose tissue and sarcopenia inside an individual. Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rising prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) probably due to the conducive environment resulting from adipose tissue dysfunction and muscle wasting accelerated by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and altered protein metabolism. Individuals with SO may have higher risk of experiencing falls, frailty, and disabilities due to compromised musculoskeletal integrity, gait abnormalities, and reduced functional capacity.

Demand and willingness to pay for human papilloma virus vaccine for their daughters among mothers in Haryana, India: A contingent valuation study.

Objectives: Cervical cancer accounts for 10 percent of cancer deaths among women in India. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can protect against infection but it is not included in India's universal immunisation programme. This study aimed to assess the demand and willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine among mothers of adolescent daughters.

Diabetes care cascade and their predictors in young and middle-aged population in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21).

Purpose: Weak care cascade of diabetes from the time of screening, diagnosis, treatment initiation and attainment of optimal glycemic control is a public health challenge particularly in resource limited settings. We aimed to assess the diabetes care cascade in India and its determinants in the 15-49 age group.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-2021), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, including a total of 724,115 women and 101,839 men with mean (SD) age 30.

Perceived Gaps in Academic Training and Expectations From Refresher Training in Primary Care Nurses at an Urban Metropolis in Northern India: A Qualitative Study.

Background Nursing professionals, comprising the largest workforce engaged in the primary healthcare system, play a pivotal role in addressing population health needs. However, gaps in the training of nurses and midwives in lower-middle-income countries may undermine their performance and necessary skill development for fulfilling key population health needs. Substantial challenges exist in improving the regular curricular and refresher training of diplomate nurses and midwives working in primary care facilities and supporting both clinical care and health promotion functions.

Hypertension care cascade in an urban resettlement colony and slum in Delhi, India: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Hypertension care cascade in resource-limited settings is compromised with a majority of patients with hypertension remaining undiagnosed, untreated, non-adherent, and poorly controlled at every stage. However, there is paucity of information on care and management of hypertensive patients in community-based settings of low-income urban neighbourhoods in India.

Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban resettlement colony and slum area in the Northeast District of Delhi.

Implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy with INH-Rifapentine (3HP) for latent tuberculosis infection management in household tuberculosis contacts in India: A prospective study.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the acceptance, initiation, implementation and treatment completion rates of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) using 3HP (INH-Rifapentine) among household contacts of microbiologically confirmed drug sensitive TB cases on anti-tubercular treatment under programmatic real-world settings. The secondary objectives were to estimate the prevalence and predictors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in household contacts of the index TB cases. We also ascertained the safety profile of the 3HP TPT regimen in the household contacts.

Genetic associations of TMEM154, PRC1 and ZFAND6 loci with type 2 diabetes in an endogamous business community of North India.

Background: More than 250 loci have been identified by genome-wide scans for type 2 diabetes in different populations. South Asians have a very different manifestation of the diseases and hence role of these loci need to be investigated among Indians with huge burden of cardio-metabolic disorders. Thus the present study aims to validate the recently identified GWAS loci in an endogamous caste population in North India.

Genetic architecture of adiposity measures among Asians: Findings from GWAS.

Adiposity has gradually become a global public threat over the years with drastic increase in the attributable deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Given an increased metabolic risk among Asians as compared to Europeans for any given body mass index (BMI) and considering the differences in genetic architecture between them, the present review aims to summarize the findings from genome-wide scans for various adiposity indices and related anthropometric measures from Asian populations. The search for related studies, published till February 2022, were made on PubMed and GWAS Catalog using search strategy built with relevant keywords joined by Boolean operators.

To study the occurrence of risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the homeless population in areas of Delhi, India.

Background: In India, there are only a few studies done in the area of assessing the risk factors of Tuberculosis (TB) among the homeless population. The homeless population has quite a higher chance of developing Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) as compared with the general population due to the presence of an inappropriate environment and high prevalence of risk factors.

Methods: This study was done among the homeless population in both males and females aged 18 years and above in areas of Delhi (Yamuna Pusta and Mansarovar Park).

Patterns and Predictors of Abortion Care-Seeking Practices in India: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey (2019-2021).

Background India continues to have unsafe abortions despite progressive legislation since the past five decades facilitating ease of access to abortion services. This study describes abortion care-seeking patterns (social/therapeutic/humanitarian/sex-selective/safe/unsafe), preferences (public/private/at home), and their determinants among Indian women. Methods Data were taken from the Indian National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-5) (2019-2021) including women aged 15-49 years, who had terminated their last pregnancy by induced abortion within five years prior to the survey (N = 5,856).