Amyloid beta-activated alpha-1-syntrophin has ramifications on Rac1 activation, ROS production and neuronal cell death.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ)-containing extracellular neuritic plaques and phosphorylated tau-containing intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. It remains the primary neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of AD. Additionally, several other processes are currently being recognized as significant risk factors for AD development, including the brain's susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Modulating sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway to create a rapid CNS-TB model: Facilitating drug discovery.

Tuberculous meningitis, a severe complication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection, involves the dissemination of bacilli in the brain. This study explored the role of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, M.

Probiotic yeast characterization and fungal amplicon metagenomics analysis of fermented bamboo shoot products from Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India.

This study investigates the diverse fungal community and their probiotic functions present in ethnic fermented bamboo shoots of Arunachal Pradesh. Among 95 yeast isolates, 13 demonstrated notable probiotic attributes. These included growth at pH 3, bile tolerance, autoaggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, lysozyme tolerance and antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis and antibacterial potential of novel thymol derivatives against methicillin-resistant and pathogenic bacteria.

The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance has created an urgent need for new antibacterial agents, particularly plant-based natural compounds and their derivatives. Thymol, a natural monoterpenoid phenolic compound derived from , is known for its aromatic and therapeutic properties, including antibacterial activity. This study focuses on synthesizing dihydropyrimidinone and dihydropyridine derivatives of thymol and exploring their antibacterial properties.

Antimicrobial activity of α/β hybrid peptides incorporating tBu-βAcc against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The incorporation of β-amino acids into peptides is a promising approach to develop proteolytically stable therapeutic agents. Short α/β hybrid peptides containing tBu-βAccː HN-Lys-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P1; HN-Orn-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P2; HN-Arg-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P3; LA-Lys-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P4; LA-Orn-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P5; LA-Arg-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P6; LA-Lys-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P7; LA-Orn-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P8; and LA-Arg-tBu-βAcc-PEA, P9 were prepared. The antimicrobial efficacies of all the peptides were evaluated against ESKAPE pathogens, along with a small panel of multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of S.

Luteibacter sahnii sp. nov., A Novel Yellow-Colored Xanthomonadin Pigment Producing Probiotic Bacterium from Healthy Rice Seed Microbiome.

To explore the rice seed microbiome, our objective was to isolate novel strains of Xanthomonas, a plant-associated bacterium with diverse lifestyles. Four isolates, anticipated to be Xanthomonas based on morphological features of yellow colonies, were obtained from healthy rice seeds. Phylo-taxono-genomic analysis revealed that these isolates formed monophyletic lineages belonging to a novel species within the genus Luteibacter.

A bHLH transcription factor AaMYC2-type positively regulates glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

Artemisinin-based combinational therapies (ACTs) constitute the first line of malaria treatment. However, due to its trichome-specific biosynthesis, low concentration, and poor understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in artemisinin biosynthesis and trichome development, it becomes very difficult to meet the increased demand for ACTs. Here, we have reported that a bHLH transcription factor, AaMYC2-type, plays an important role in regulating GST development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

Anomeric oxyacetamide assisted site-selective C-2 arylation and its application in / glycosylation of 2,3 eno-pyranoside.

Herein we developed a palladium-catalyzed coupling of 2,3-enopyranose with arylboronic acid using a removable oxyacetamide directing group, which provides an efficient method for the synthesis of C-2 aryl sugars. The synthesized products were subsequently utilized as glycosyl donors in / glycosylation, enabling regio- and stereoselective production of 1,2-disubstituted branched sugars.

Antibacterial activity of structurally diverse natural prenylated isobavachalcone derivatives.

Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural prenylated flavonoid containing chalcone and prenyl chain moieties with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. In this work, we synthesized structurally diversified derivatives (IBC-2 to IBC-10) from the natural prenylated chalcone IBC isolated from and assessed their antibacterial potency against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains ATCC 29213, ATCC 15187, ATCC25922 and ATCC 27853. IBC and IBC-2 exhibited a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5.

Crocetin Delays Brain and Body Aging by Increasing Cellular Energy Levels in Aged C57BL/6J Mice.

Aging is usually accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced energy levels, and cell death in the brain and other tissues. Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, OXPHOS is impaired as the mitochondrial oxygen supply decreases with age.

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Potential of Isotelekin in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Stimulated Macrophage (RAW 264.7) and Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) Sensitized Murine Models.

The present study explored the natural compound Isotelekin isolated from Inula racemose against anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell lines and immune-elevated SRBC-sensitized animal models. Isotelekin in in vitro studies, inhibited the production of Th-1 cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and increased Th-2 cytokines Interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Biotransformation of Geraniol to Geranic Acid Using Fungus IIIMF4011.

Geraniol is an important component in essential oils of aromatic plants such as lemongrass, rosa grass, and many others. It can be converted to different high-value products by using microbes/enzymes. The present study aims at the isolation and screening of microbes showing efficient production of geranic acid (a high-value product) from geraniol (a low-value monoterpene).

Antifungal Efficacy of Ultrashort β-Peptides against Species: Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Implications.

Candidiasis, a condition spurred by the unchecked proliferation of species, poses a formidable global health threat, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The emergence of drug-resistant strains complicates management strategies, necessitating novel therapeutic avenues. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered attention for their potent antifungal properties and broad-spectrum activity against species.

Comprehensive insights into mechanism of nanotoxicity, assessment methods and regulatory challenges of nanomedicines.

Nanomedicine has the potential to transform healthcare by offering targeted therapies, precise diagnostics, and enhanced drug delivery systems. The National Institutes of Health has coined the term "nanomedicine" to describe the use of nanotechnology in biological system monitoring, control, diagnosis, and treatment. Nanomedicine continues to receive increasing interest for the rationalized delivery of therapeutics and pharmaceutical agents to achieve the required response while reducing its side effects.

Glycine betaine: A multifaceted protectant against salt stress in Indian mustard through ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging and osmotic regulation.

Salt stress is a prevalent environmental issue that disrupts the redox balance and metabolic processes in plants, leading to reduced crop growth and productivity. Currently, over 6.74 million hectares in India are salt-affected, and about 75% of this land lies in states that are the major cultivators of edible oilseed crops (rapeseed-mustard).

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) modulators: A patent review (2016-2024).

Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 play critical roles in regulating numerous central and peripheral physiological activities. While efforts have been made to develop ligands for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, CB1 receptor ligands often have restricted use due to undesirable psychotropic side effects. Consequently, recent cannabis research has increasingly focused on CB2-specific ligands.

Modular synthesis of unsymmetrical indolyl diketones from ynediones sequential aza-Michael addition/C-H functionalization.

Herein, we disclose an efficient approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrical indolyl diketones from easily accessible 1,2-alkynediones involving a sequential aza-Michael addition/C-H Functionalization process. The two-step, one-pot strategy involves the aza-Michael addition of an aniline generating the -aryl enaminones followed by iodine-mediated C-H functionalization.

Triflic Anhydride-Mediated Approach to Furo[3,2-]furans from Diacetonide Protected Furanoses.

Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (TfO) exhibits excellent reactivity as an electrophile, serving as a highly versatile reagent in diverse chemical transformations. Herein, we report an operationally simple, efficient, unique, and practical one-step strategy for synthesizing diverse valuable structures bearing furo[3,2-]furans core leveraging TfO's promoted reactivity of nitriles with diacetonide protected furanose. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of furo[3,2-]furan as a precursor for complex structures through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.

Correction: Chromatographic fingerprinting of epiphytic fungal strains isolated from and biological evaluation of isolated okaramine H.

Correction for 'Chromatographic fingerprinting of epiphytic fungal strains isolated from and biological evaluation of isolated okaramine H' by Vandana Sharma , , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AY00901K.

Triflic Anhydride-Mediated Unprecedented Reactivities of Diacetonide Endoglucofuranose and Ribose Tetracetate: Direct Access to γ-Butenolides and Oxazoles.

Herein, we present two unprecedented reactions for the synthesis of γ-butenolides and oxazoles, leveraging TfO's promoted reactivity of nitriles with diacetonide endoglucofuranose and 1,2,3,5-tetra--acetyl-β-d-ribofuranose. This method is highly efficient and straightforward and employs a one-step, metal-free protocol. It is effective with both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles and demonstrates a broad substrate scope.