Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Health Expenditures of Noncommunicable Disease Multimorbidity-Findings From Gorakhpur Health and Demographic Surveillance System.

Background: Noncommunicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity throws a unique challenge to healthcare systems globally in terms of not only management of disease, but also familial, social, and economic implications associated with it.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity and its associated risk factors along with health expenditures among adults (≥18 years) living in a rural area.

Methods: A secondary data analysis of the first-round survey done as part of the Gorakhpur Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (GHDSS) was done.

Differences in age distribution in first and second waves of COVID-19 in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Comparison of first and second waves of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed varied differences including the peak and time distribution. Contrary to published reports of comparing two waves in India wherein the younger age group was affected more in the second wave in India; a secondary data analysis of around 0.5 million real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests conducted in COVID-19 diagnostic laboratory in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India showed an increase in positivity rate in older age groups in the second wave.