Contribution of Travelers to Malaria in South West Delhi, India: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: India is committed to malaria elimination by the year 2030. According to the classification of malaria endemicity, the National Capital Territory of Delhi falls under category 1, with an annual parasite incidence of <1, and was targeted for elimination by 2022. Among others, population movement across states is one of the key challenges for malaria control, as it can result in imported malaria, thus introducing local transmission in an area nearing elimination.

Metallophosphoesterase-Domain-Containing Protein 2 (MPPED2) Expression in High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus-Induced Cervical Carcinoma and Its Correlation With p16INK4A Protein.

Introduction Recently, the expression of metallophosphoesterase-domain-containing protein 2 (MPPED2) was identified in cervical cancer. However, its precise role and correlation with other tumor suppressor proteins, such as p16INK4A, is not well studied in high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) integrated human cervical carcinoma. Hence, in the present study, we try to see the expression of MPPED2 in human cervical carcinoma and its correlation with age and p16INK4A protein expression level.

Assessing the Global Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the association between exposure to major ambient air pollutants and the incidence and mortality of lung cancer and some nonlung cancers.

Methods: This meta-analysis used PubMed and EMBASE databases to access published studies that met the eligibility criteria. Primary analysis investigated the association between exposure to air pollutants and cancer incidence and mortality.

Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study.

Background: Fungal infections are now a great public health threat, especially in those with underlying risk factors such as neutropenia, diabetes, high-dose steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and so on, which can lead to mycoses with higher mortality rates. The rates of these infections have been steadily increasing over the past 2 decades due to the increasing population of patients who are immunocompromised. However, the data regarding the exact burden of such infection are still not available from India.

International burden of cancer deaths and years of life lost from cancer attributable to four major risk factors: a population-based study in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and United States.

Background: We provide a comprehensive view of the impact of alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, excess body weight, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on cancer mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the United Kingdom (UK), and United States (US).

Methods: We collected population attributable fractions of the four risk factors from global population-based studies and applied these to estimates of cancer deaths in 2020 to obtain potentially preventable cancer deaths and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using life tables, we calculated the number and age-standardised rates of YLLs (ASYR).

Human papillomavirus-mediated expression of complement regulatory proteins in human cervical cancer cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) CD46, CD59, and CD55 in HPV-positive (HPV) & negative (HPV) cervical cancer cell lines in search of a reliable differential biomarker.

Study Design: We analysed the expression of CRPs in HPV 16-positive SiHa cell line, HPV 18-positive HeLa cell line, and HPV-negative cell line C33a using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy.

Results: We observed a differential expression profile of CRPs in HPV and HPV cervical cancer cell lines.

Screening Guidelines and Programs for Cervical Cancer Control in Countries of Different Economic Groups: A Narrative Review.

Screening guidelines and practices differ according to resource availability and continually update as scientific developments take place. In this article, we have reviewed screening guidelines and programs for cervical cancer prevention in selected countries belonging to different economic groups viz high income, middle income, and low income. We have selected six countries - the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), India, South Africa, Bangladesh, and Malawi.

Defining global strategies to improve outcomes in sickle cell disease: a Lancet Haematology Commission.

All over the world, people with sickle cell disease (an inherited condition) have premature deaths and preventable severe chronic complications, which considerably affect their quality of life, career progression, and financial status. In addition, these people are often affected by stigmatisation or structural racism, which can contribute to stress and poor mental health. Inequalities affecting people with sickle cell disease are also reflected in the distribution of the disease—mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, India, and the Caribbean—whereas interventions, clinical trials, and funding are mostly available in North America, Europe, and the Middle East.

Smokeless Tobacco Use and Cessation Attempts during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among women is widely prevalent in Manipur state accounting for 45% users as per Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-2 India. Studies from India and elsewhere indicate changes in the way people used SLT during COVID-19 lockdown. This study explores individual and economic influences on SLT consumption and cessation attempts by tribal women in Manipur during the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-June, 2020) in India.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an online cancer screening training programme for healthcare providers in the public sector in India: learnings from a hub and spoke model perspective.

Introduction: This article elicits our experiences and strategic approaches to ensure the sustainability of the online capacity-building programmes for healthcare providers (HCPs) in comprehensive cancer screening through the 'Hub and Spoke' model during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: During the first wave of COVID-19, training for three cohorts of medical officers (MO) (Batch-A) was ongoing (May-December 2020). The Indian health system abruptly shifted focus towards containing the COVID-19 spread, leading to new challenges in conducting training courses.

Implication of Obesity and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in the Etiology of Colorectal Cancer.

The complexity and variety of gut microbiomes within and among individuals have been extensively studied in recent years in connection to human health and diseases. Our growing understanding of the bidirectional communication between metabolic diseases and the gut microbiome has also highlighted the significance of gut microbiome dysbiosis in the genesis and development of obesity-related cancers. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the possible role of the gut microbiota in the crosstalk between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Advanced virtual mentoring of dentists in oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation - An interventional study.

Context: Oral cancer is the third common cancer in India. Its mortality can be reduced through early detection and tobacco cessation ideally by dentists owing to their forte of work.

Aim: This study was conducted to discuss effectiveness of an advanced tele-mentoring programme in oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation for dentists across India.

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) expert opinion/consensus guidance on the use of cannabinoids for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with cancer.

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with cancer, whether related to treatment or a direct effect of the disease itself. Patients may choose to access cannabinoids outside of their formal medical prescriptions to palliate such symptoms. However, clinical guidelines are lacking in relation to the use of such medicines for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with cancer.

Chlorogenic acid for cancer prevention and therapy: Current status on efficacy and mechanisms of action.

Chlorogenic acid (CA), also known as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, is a dietary phenolic acid produced by various plant species. CA, is the most ubiquitous compound among the phenolic acid group, is also present in tea and green coffee extracts. Its consumption reduces the risk of numerous diseases as validated by preclinical and clinical studies.

A rapid assessment of the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic on health care & service delivery for noncommunicable diseases in India.

Background And Aim: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had disrupted the availability, access and utilisation of routine health care services. The present study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on India's Non communicable Disease (NCD) health care service delivery.

Methods: The study included existing hospitals in disease registry network of the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (ICMR-NCDIR), Bengaluru.

Estrogen receptor expression is modulated in human and mouse prostate epithelial cells during cancer progression.

Substantial data posit estrogen receptors (ERs) as promising targets for prostate cancer (PCa) therapeutics. However, the trials on assessing the chemo-preventive or therapeutic potential of ER targeting drugs or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet established their clinical benefits. This could be ascribed to a possible modulation in the ER expression during PCa progression.

Psychological distress and burnout among healthcare worker during COVID-19 pandemic in India-A cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 has inundated the entire world disrupting the lives of millions of people. The pandemic has stressed the healthcare system of India impacting the psychological status and functioning of health care workers. The aim of this study is to determine the burnout levels and factors associated with the risk of psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCW) engaged in the management of COVID 19 in India.

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescents in India: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Undernutrition is one of the serious health problems among adolescents in India where 253 million adolescents are in the age group of 10-19 years. Since adolescents represent the next generation of adults, it is important to understand the nutritional status of adolescents. Even though several studies have been carried out in different states in India on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, wasting /underweight), there is no study or review that estimated the national pooled prevalence of adolescent undernutrition and its determinants.

Barriers and facilitators in implementing population based common cancer screening through community health workers.

Population based cancer screening was initiated in India in 2016 owing to an increased burden of cancers. A feasibility health system study was done by utilising community health workers (CHWs) to conduct the cancer screening. The current study is a qualitative study to elicit the barriers and facilitators in implementing population based cancer screening through CHWs.

Referral mechanism and beneficiary adherence in cervical cancer screening program in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu state, India, 2012-2015.

Background: A screening program for cervical cancer was established in 2011 in Tamil Nadu. Since the inception of the program, coverage, and dropout of screening has not been analyzed. We conducted a study to describe the referral mechanism in the cervical cancer screening program implemented in Tamil Nadu, to estimate the level of adherence to the referral process by the beneficiaries, and to identify strengths and weaknesses related to the referral mechanism in the program.

Preparedness of primary and secondary health facilities in India to address major noncommunicable diseases: results of a National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Background: The monitoring framework for evaluating health system response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) include indicators to assess availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines to treat them in both public and private primary care facilities. The Government of India launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 to strengthen health systems. We assessed availability of trained human resources, essential medicines and technologies for diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases as one of the components of the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS - 2017-18).

Tobacco use among urban slum dwellers attending a cancer screening clinic in the National Capital Region of India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Tobacco consumption in India varies based on the place of residence (urban/rural). Minimal, exclusive information exists regarding the same for 'urban slum' dwellers. The current study determines the tobacco use pattern among such individuals in Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India).

Exploring polyps to colon carcinoma voyage: can blocking the crossroad halt the sequence?

Colorectal cancer is an important public health concern leading to significant cancer associate mortality. A vast majority of colon cancer arises from polyp which later follows adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma sequence. This whole process takes several years to complete and recent genomic and proteomic technologies are identifying several targets involved in each step of polyp to carcinoma transformation in a large number of studies.