30 results match your criteria: "Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis[Affiliation]"

Nutritional supplementation for tuberculosis prevention: the RATIONS trial - Authors' reply.

Lancet

October 2024

Center for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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Article Synopsis
  • The current diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), such as the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and the tuberculin skin test (TST), have significant limitations, highlighting the need for more accurate and specific methods.
  • This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Cy-Tb test compared to the TST in diagnosing LTBI and preventing tuberculosis (TB) through preventive therapy.
  • Results suggest that while the Cy-Tb test has an additional cost of approximately 18,658 Indian rupees (~$223.5) per additional LTBI case diagnosed, it is considered cost-effective and could be seen as a cost-saving option if its price is decreased.
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  • Tuberculosis lymphadenitis is a common form of extra-pulmonary TB, traditionally requiring six months of treatment, but this study explored a potential four-month regimen using ofloxacin.
  • The trial involved adult TB patients randomly assigned to either a four-month ofloxacin-based treatment or a traditional six-month regimen, with outcomes assessed based on TB recurrence and treatment success.
  • Results showed the four-month regimen was as effective and safe as the six-month control, with similar rates of favorable response and manageable side effects, making it a promising alternative.
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Background: In the first year of roll-out, vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevented almost 20 million deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Yet, little is known about the factors influencing access to vaccination at the individual level within rural poor settings of low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine determinants of vaccine receipt in rural India.

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  • The Indian government's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme aims to eliminate TB by 2025 by offering free treatment and nutritional support, but many patients choose private sector treatment, resulting in financial burdens.
  • A study in six districts of Jharkhand analyzed drug sales data to assess costs borne by TB patients in the private sector from 2015 to 2021, revealing significant differences in treatment costs and patient numbers across districts.
  • Findings indicated that East Singhbhum had the highest expenses and patient load, while Lohardaga saw a notable decrease in private patients; overall, average costs for patients dropped from INR 1821 in 2015 to INR 1033 in 2021, highlighting the need for initiatives to reduce out
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Background: Undernutrition is a common comorbidity of tuberculosis in countries with a high tuberculosis burden, such as India. RATIONS is a field-based, cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing nutritional support to household contacts of adult patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in Jharkhand, India, on tuberculosis incidence. The patient cohort in both groups of the trial was provided with nutritional support.

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Background: In India, tuberculosis and undernutrition are syndemics with a high burden of tuberculosis coexisting with a high burden of undernutrition in patients and in the population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation on tuberculosis incidence in household contacts of adults with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: In this field-based, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial, we enrolled household contacts of 2800 patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis across 28 tuberculosis units of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme in four districts of Jharkhand, India.

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Background & Objectives: The Government of India has initiated a population based screening (PBS) for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). A health technology assessment agency in India commissioned a study to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening diabetes and hypertension. The present study was undertaken to estimate the cost of PBS for Type II diabetes and hypertension.

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Background: We aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of the Levofloxacin-containing regimen that the World Health Organization is currently recommending for the treatment of Isoniazid mono-resistant pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Methods: Our eligible criteria for the studies to be included were; randomized controlled trials or cohort studies that focused on adults with Isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis (HrTB) and treated with a Levofloxacin-containing regimen along with first-line anti-tubercular drugs; they should have had a control group treated with first-line without Levofloxacin; should have reported treatment success rate, mortality, recurrence, progression to multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. We performed the search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, and Clinical trials registry.

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Clinical standards for the management of adverse effects during treatment for TB.

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis

July 2023

Sydney Infecious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Adverse effects (AE) to TB treatment cause morbidity, mortality and treatment interruption. The aim of these clinical standards is to encourage best practise for the diagnosis and management of AE. 65/81 invited experts participated in a Delphi process using a 5-point Likert scale to score draft standards.

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Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe and unrestrained inflammatory response with multiorgan involvement, which occurs within a few weeks following the resolution of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The complement system is a vital part of the innate immune system and plays a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Objective: To examine and compare the levels of complement components and regulators along with complement activation products in the different clinical spectrum of children with SARS-CoV-2 and a control group.

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Soil-transmitted helminth [mainly (Ss)] and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) coinfection in humans is a significant public health problem. We have previously shown that TBL+Ss+ coinfection significantly alters diverse cytokine, matrix metalloproteinase, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase profiles. However, no data is available to understand the influence of Ss coinfection in TBL disease with respect to iron status biomarkers.

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Patients with isoniazid (H, INH) resistant pulmonary TB but undetected rifampicin (R, RIF) resistance are treated with a 6-month regimen of levofloxacin-RIF-ethambutol-pyrazinamide (6LvxREZ) under India´s National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). To describe the profile of and treatment outcomes in patients with pulmonary INH-resistant (INH) TB initiated on TB treatment, and identify factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes (died, failed, treatment changed, lost to follow-up). This was a retrospective analysis of NTEP database (Ni-kshay) on pulmonary INH TB patients initiated on treatment with "H mono/poly regimen" (6LvxREZ) between July 2019 and June 2020 with documented treatment outcomes.

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The rampant increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge not only for treatment management but also for diagnosis, as well as drug design and development. Drug-resistant mycobacteria affect the quality of life owing to the delayed diagnosis and require prolonged treatment with multiple and toxic drugs. The phenotypic modulations defining the immune status of an individual during tuberculosis are well established.

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, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species.

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Optimal drug dosing is important to ensure adequate response to treatment, prevent development of drug resistance and reduce drug toxicity. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on 'best practice´ for dosing and management of TB drugs. A panel of 57 global experts in the fields of microbiology, pharmacology and TB care were identified; 51 participated in a Delphi process.

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Microbiologic screening of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients could inform recommendations for aerosol precautions and close contact prophylaxis. However, this is currently not routinely recommended in India. Therefore, we estimated the proportion of Indian patients with EPTB with microbiologic evidence of pulmonary TB (PTB).

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Background: Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) commonly causes death or disability. In adults, high-dose rifampicin may reduce mortality. The role of fluoroquinolones remains unclear.

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Background: Metformin, by reducing intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, can be considered an adjunctive therapy to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). We determined whether metformin with standard ATT reduces time to sputum culture conversion and tissue inflammation in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods: In a randomized, 8-week, clinical trial, newly diagnosed, culture-positive PTB patients were randomized to standard ATT (HREZ = control arm) or standard ATT plus daily 1000 mg metformin (MET-HREZ = Metformin with Rifampicin [METRIF] arm) for 8 weeks during 2018-2020 at 5 sites in India.

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Antigen-specific gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are important in exhibiting anti-mycobacterial immunity, but their role in latent tuberculosis (LTB) with diabetes mellitus (DM) or pre-DM (PDM) and non-DM comorbidities have not been studied. Thus, we have studied the baseline, mycobacterial (PPD, WCL), and positive control antigen-stimulated γδ T cells expressing Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) cytokine as well as cytotoxic (perforin [PFN], granzyme [GZE B], granulysin [GNLSN]) and immune (GMCSF, PD-1, CD69) markers in LTB (DM, PDM, NDM) comorbidities by flow cytometry. In the unstimulated (UNS) condition, we did not observe any significant difference in the frequencies of γδ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 cytokine, cytotoxic, and immune markers.

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In India, the tribal population constitutes almost 8.6% of the nation's total population. Despite their large presence, there are only a few reports available on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.

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