Microbial siderophores as molecular shuttles for metal cations: sources, sinks and application perspectives.

Iron is one of the highly abundant elements on the earth's crust, an essential micronutrient for a majority of life forms, and exists in two frequent oxidation states such as ferrous (Fe) and ferric (Fe). These two oxidation states are interconvertible by redox reactions and form complexes with a wide range of siderophores. At neutral pH in soil, Fe is highly soluble upto 100 mM but have less biological value, whereas Fe is less soluble upto 10 M.

Antifungal activity and molecular docking of phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) produced by plant growth-promoting actinobacterium Kutzneria sp. strain TSII from mangrove sediments.

The present study reveals the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potentials and characterizes the antifungal metabolites of Kutzneria sp. strain TSII isolated from mangrove sediment soil through in vitro and in silico studies. In this study, Kutzneria sp.