Toxicological effects of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Nodularin is a potent cyanotoxin that has been detected in aquatic environments as well as in the body of aquatic organisms throughout the world, but its effects on the reproductive system are yet to be explored. The present study investigated the toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (Danio rerio). After exposure to nodularin for 14 days, decreased gonadosomatic Index (GSI), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and decreased level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol (E2) level and increased testosterone (T) content in female zebrafish suggested that nodularin may disrupt both oocyte growth and maturation.

Evaluating the potential of daily intake of polystyrene microplastics via drinking water in inducing PCOS and its ovarian fibrosis progression using female zebrafish.

Polystyrene microplastics, extensively considered endocrine disrupting chemicals, disturb the reproductive system of living organisms. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the reproductive endocrinopathy, is longstanding concern due to its eternal impacts as reproductive disorder and infertility. Despite several reports in reproductive and endocrine toxicity, there is inadequate literature regarding the daily intake of polystyrene-microplastics via drinking water in causing PCOS and leading to ovarian fibrosis in long-term.

High doses of nano-polystyrene aggravate the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the cell death in onions.

Plastic pollution has been reported to negatively impact global biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, the molecular mechanisms of nano-plastics in plants are unidentified, especially their negative impacts on genomic stability. This study for the first time showed that nano-polystyrene leads to cell death in plants by subjugating the cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms through the aggravated production of ROS, which in turn could induce the DNA damage impairing the genetic regulation of the corresponding DNA repair pathway.

Toxicological impacts of nanopolystyrene on zebrafish oocyte with insight into the mechanism of action: An expression-based analysis.

Many studies have investigated the negative impacts of microplastics on teleost fishes with very little or no evidence of their mechanism of action. This scenario entreats us to investigate the toxicities of nanopolystyrene in zebrafish oocyte with emphasis on the mechanism of action. In the present study, the cellular levels of mRNA transcripts of different genetic markers (such as: sod, gpx, nrf2, inos, ucp2, and atp6 (redox-sensitive markers); nfkβ, tnfα, il-10, ikβ, gdf9, and bmp15 (immune markers); gadd45, rad51, p53 and bcl2 (DNA damage and apoptotic)) have been quantified by real-time PCR after 6 h of incubation of isolated oocyte with different doses of nanopolystyrene viz.

Toxic effects of cyanotoxins in teleost fish: A comprehensive review.

The phenomenon of eutrophication leads to the global occurrence of algal blooms. Cyanotoxins as produced by many cyanobacterial species can lead to detrimental effects to the biome due to their stability and potential biomagnification along food webs. Therefore, understanding of the potential risks these toxins pose to the most susceptible organisms is an important prerequisite for ecological risks assessment of cyanobacteria blooms.

Co-occurrence of co-contaminants: Cyanotoxins and microplastics, in soil system and their health impacts on plant - A comprehensive review.

Cyanotoxins (CTX) and micro/nanoplastics (M/NP) are ubiquitously distributed in every environmental compartment. But the distribution, abundance and associated ecological risks of CTX are still poorly understood in soil system. On the other hand, M/NP could serve as vectors for persistent organic/inorganic pollutants in the natural environment through the sorption of pollutants onto them.

Functions of interleukin-6 in ovulation of female climbing perch, Anabas testudineus.

In mammals, interleukin 6 (IL-6) has an important function during ovulation, however, the functions of IL-6 in fish have not been elucidated. In the present study, there was quantification of de novo synthesis of ovarian IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in control and hCG-treated fish and results were compared with those from an in vitro study where there was evaluation of the regulatory functions of gonadotropins and TNFα of IL-6 secretions. Relatively greater concentrations of ovarian IL-6 at the post-GVBD (post-germinal vesicle breakdown) stage indicates IL-6 modulates ovulatory processes.

Cytogenotoxic potential of a hazardous material, polystyrene microparticles on Allium cepa L.

Plastic pollution represents a global concern for the biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and public health. The polystyrene is one of the dominant pollutants in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. This work measured the hazardous nature of 100 nm micropolystyrene (MPS) using 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L concentrations in terms of oxidative stress, morphotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity in Allium cepa.

Analysing progress of sustainable development goal 6 in India: Past, present, and future.

The attainment of sustainable development in water and sanitation i.e. Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) requires a comprehensive monitoring and knowledge base of social and economic water needs at national scale in such a way that should not cause negative environmental manifestations from regional to global scale.

Seasonal ovarian development in relation to the gonadotropins, steroids, aromatase and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) in the banded gourami, Trichogaster fasciata.

The endocrine regulation of gonadal development and annual variation of key sex steroids is the basic knowledge to understand the reproductive cycle of teleost fish. Present study was aimed to investigate the levels of gonadotropins in relation to the follicular development and plasma steroids during the reproductive cycle of female Trichogaster fasciata. Female fish were sampled and ovarian development is described histologically throughout the year in relation to the seasonal variations of gonadosomatic index (GSI); follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH); three key steroids for folliculogenesis and maturation i.

Molecular mechanism of mercury-induced reproductive impairments in banded gourami, Trichogaster fasciata.

Mercury is one of the key pollutants responsible for the degradation of natural aquatic ecosystems. Among the different forms of mercury that exist in the environment, mercuric chloride (HgCl) is the dominant pollutant for freshwater environments as it is used as an ingredient in antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives, insecticides, batteries and in metallurgical and photographic operations. Pollutant may exert their action on organisms or populations by affecting their normal endocrine function as well as reproduction.