Effect of Intravenous Mannitol on Intraocular Pressure Changes in Vitrectomized and Non-Vitrectomized Eyes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) control is paramount during ophthalmic surgeries to ensure successful outcomes and prevent complications. Intravenous mannitol has been explored for its ability to manage IOP fluctuations in both vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of mannitol in controlling IOP across these patient groups.

Bridging the Gap: Comparing Patient-Clinician Views on Treatment Goals and Communication in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis Within the Asia-Pacific Region.

Introduction: It remains unclear how patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and clinicians perceive the level of patient-clinician communication and if there could be potential lapses. This cross-sectional study aims to compare perspectives between patients with AD and dermatologists regarding communication and treatment expectations in Asia.

Methods: Moderate-to-severe patients with AD and practicing dermatologists were recruited from eight Asia-Pacific territories, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand.

Study of Diagnostic Yield of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test among Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis in Immunocompetent Patients.

Background: The most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is tuberculous lymphadenitis, which constitutes about 30-40% of all extrapulmonary TB cases. A new diagnostic method like the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is a very sensitive and rapid test for diagnosing tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy. It also detects rifampicin sensitivity among positive patients.

Exploring Bacillus species xylanases for industrial applications: screening via thermostability and reaction modelling.

Context: Xylanases derived from Bacillus species hold significant importance in various large-scale production sectors, with increasing demand driven by biofuel production. However, despite their potential, the extreme environmental conditions often encountered in production settings have led to their underutilisation. To address this issue and enhance their efficacy under adverse conditions, we conducted a theoretical investigation on a group of five Bacillus species xylanases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase GH11 family.

Chemotherapeutic potential of lupeol against cancer in pre-clinical model: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Extensive research on Lupeol's potential in cancer prevention highlights its ability to target various cancer-related factors. It regulates proliferative markers, modulates signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and influences inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, Lupeol demonstrates selectivity in killing cancer cells while sparing normal cells, thus minimizing the risk of toxic effects on healthy tissues.

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.

Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes. We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls.

Incidence and Remission of Post-Surgical Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract Surgery in Eyes With Intraocular Inflammation.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, remission, and relapse of post-surgical cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery in inflammatory eye disease.

Methods: A total of 1859 eyes that had no visually significant macular edema prior to cataract surgery while under tertiary uveitis management were included. Standardized retrospective chart review was used to gather clinical data.

Astronaut omics and the impact of space on the human body at scale.

Future multi-year crewed planetary missions will motivate advances in aerospace nutrition and telehealth. On Earth, the Human Cell Atlas project aims to spatially map all cell types in the human body. Here, we propose that a parallel Human Cell Space Atlas could serve as an openly available, global resource for space life science research.

Accuracy of cobas MTB and MTB-RIF/INH for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Drug Resistance.

This study evaluated the performance of cobas MTB and cobas MTB-RIF/INH for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. Adults presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms were recruited in South Africa, Moldova, and India. Performance of cobas MTB was assessed against culture, whereas cobas MTB-RIF/INH was assessed using phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing as composite reference standards.

Understanding the maturity of coconut water through H NMR profiling and MPAES analyses.

This study investigated the relationship between coconut maturity stages and the sugar, amino acid, and mineral profiles of coconut water (CW). Metabolite profiles were analysed using H NMR, covering glucose (G), fructose (F), sucrose (S), reducing sugars (RS), total sugars (TS), amino acids, and organic acids. Mineral composition was measured using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES).

Examining the Backpack Weight Relative to Students' Body Weight Among Urban and Rural Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Schoolbags or backpacks have been an essential part of the education system for a long time. However, a hefty backpack causes the child to arch the back excessively or bend their head and trunk forward to withstand the weight of the schoolbag. If the student carries the backpack on one shoulder, he/she bends to the opposite side to compensate for the extra weight, which may damage the shoulders and spine.

The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact.

Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs.

Critical assessment of variant prioritization methods for rare disease diagnosis within the rare genomes project.

Background: A major obstacle faced by families with rare diseases is obtaining a genetic diagnosis. The average "diagnostic odyssey" lasts over five years and causal variants are identified in under 50%, even when capturing variants genome-wide. To aid in the interpretation and prioritization of the vast number of variants detected, computational methods are proliferating.

Longer and better lives for patients with atrial fibrillation: the 9th AFNET/EHRA consensus conference.

Aims: Recent trial data demonstrate beneficial effects of active rhythm management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and support the concept that a low arrhythmia burden is associated with a low risk of AF-related complications. The aim of this document is to summarize the key outcomes of the 9th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA).

Methods And Results: Eighty-three international experts met in Münster for 2 days in September 2023.

A rare case of Fanconi anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivity: A pediatrics case report.

Key Clinical Message: Fanconi anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivity is a rare, complex hematological condition. Our case study emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis, appropriate genetic testing, and cautious use of chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and predisposition to cancer.