The recent trend in mycobacterial strain diversity among extra pulmonary lymph node tuberculosis and their association with drug resistance and the host immunological response in South India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) though primarily affects the lungs it may also affect the other parts of the body and referred as extra pulmonary (EPTB). This study is focused on understanding the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) among tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), a form of EPTB patients identified in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Feasibility and Safety of Peripheral Intravenous Administration of Vasopressor Agents in Resource-limited Settings.

Background: Vasopressors are conventionally administered through a central venous catheter (CVC) and not through a peripheral venous catheter (PVC) since the latter is believed to be associated with increased risk of extravasation. Placement of a CVC requires suitably trained personnel to be on hand, and in resource-limited settings, this requirement may delay placement. Because of this and in cases where suitably trained personnel are not immediately available, some clinicians may be prompted to utilise a PVC for infusing vasopressors.

Can human overcome viral hijack-? Comprehensive review on COVID-19 in the view of diagnosis and mitigation across countries.

The novel COVID-19, a pandemic disease, is showing an alarming spread and severity throughout the world. Globally, the community transmission of this disease is affecting people in large clusters and so it is necessary to mitigate and control them in order to minimise the social and economic consequences. This review emphasize on the origin of the coronoviral epidemics, discussion on the structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, pathognomonic symptoms, fatality, available rapid diagnostic methods and proposed possible treatment methods for the treatment of COVID-19.

Anticancer effect of purified polysaccharide from marine clam Donax variabilis on A549 cells.

The marine invertebrates are one of the main leads to the derivation of anticancer compounds. The present investigation was to explore the anticancer effect of a potentially active polysaccharide fraction from marine clam Donax variabilis on human lung cancer cells (A549). A polysaccharide was purified from the whole tissue of D.

Awareness and Concerns Among Adult Liver Transplant Recipients in the Current Pandemic Caused by Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to Safeguard a High-risk Population.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. Creating awareness and understanding patient concerns will play an important role in protecting this vulnerable group in developing timely and appropriate healthcare interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 23rd March 2020 and 1st April 2020 among 154 liver transplant recipients, transplanted between October 2018 and February 2020.

Extreme corneal flattening following collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.

Purpose: To study the clinical, tomographic and densitometric features of eyes that showed >5 D of corneal flattening following collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus and to identify preoperative predictive factors for such a response.

Methods: This was a retrospective case control study of 548 eyes with progressive keratoconus which had undergone epithelium-off CXL (Dresden protocol) with a follow-up of 1 to 10 years. Eyes that showed ⩾5 D corneal flattening in maximum keratometry (Kmax) following CXL (group A) were compared with one eye of the remaining patients in the same cohort (group B).

Comparison of abo antibody levels in apheresis platelets suspended in platelet additive solution and plasma.

Background: Transfusion of platelets (PLTs) with high ABO antibody titres can pose a risk of hemolysis if the unit crosses the ABO type. The PLTs stored in the platelet additive solution (PAS) remove asubstantial fraction of plasma and replace it with an isotonicbuffered solution.We aimed to assess the difference in anti-A/B antibody levels in Groups O, A and B apheresis platelets (APs) suspended in plasma and PAS.

Renal Manifestations in Children with Dengue Fever Hospitalized in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To study the pattern of acute kidney injury in children with dengue infection hospitalized in an intensive care unit.

Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2019 through December 2019. Various renal manifestations of dengue were studied and compared between the severity of dengue fever.

Distribution and growth rate of COVID-19 outbreak in Tamil Nadu: A log-linear regression approach.

Background: Most of the countries are affected with the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus infection. Understanding the severity and distribution in various regions will help in planning the controlling measures.

Objectives: The objective was to assess the distribution and growth rate of COVID-19 infection in Tamil Nadu, India.

The Citrus Flavanone Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in CTCL Cells STAT3/Notch1/NFκB-Mediated Signaling Axis.

Background: Hesperetin is a natural compound known for its cholesterol-lowering effect and a wide range of pharmacological activities.

Objectives: Investigating the potential anticancer activities of Hesperetin in malignant hematolymphoid cell lines HuT78 and MJ, derived from patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL).

Methods: The cytotoxic effect of Hesperetin on two different CTCL cell lines, HuT78 and MJ, was assessed by MTS-based colorimetric assay.

Realizing a Novel Friction Stir Processing-Enabled FWTPET Process for Strength Enhancement Using Firefly and PSO Methods.

The friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) is widely deployed in several industrial applications, such as aerospace, automotive, and power plants. Moreover, for achieving a better tensile strength and hardness in the weld zone, the friction stir processing (FSP) technique was incorporated into the FWTPET process for joining aluminum alloys (AA6063 tube, AA6061 tube plate). Furthermore, it has to be noted that FWTPET was applied for joining the AA6063 tube to the AA6061 tube plate, and FSP was deployed for reinforcing the weld zone with carbon nanotube (CNT) and silicon nitride (SiN) particles, thereby attaining the desirable mechanical properties.

Oxidative removal of stabilized landfill leachate by Fenton's process: process modeling, optimization & analysis of degraded products.

In this study, the stabilized landfill leachate which has a BOD : COD ratio of 0.045 was treated using Fenton's process. The effect of process parameters like reaction time, pH, dose of FeSO and dose of HO was estimated using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the linear, interactive and quadratic effects between the factors were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design (CCF).

Comparative immune responses of pups following modified live virus vaccinations against canine parvovirus.

Background And Aim: Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the most important viral cause of enteritis and mortality in pups. Evaluation and monitoring of pre- and post-vaccine immune responses may help to determine the efficacy of the current vaccination schedule being followed in pups in India. This study aimed to evaluate and monitor the pre- and post-vaccine immune responses of CPV vaccinated pups using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay.

Fabrication of Ag@Co-Al Layered Double Hydroxides Reinforced poly(o-phenylenediamine) Nanohybrid for Efficient Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol and Uric acid at Nano Molar Level.

In this paper, Co-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Co-Al LDHs/poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) and Ag nanoparticles decorated Co-Al LDHs/PoPD (Ag@Co-Al LDH/PoPD) samples were prepared. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, XPS, FT-IR, DRS-UV-Vis, PL and TGA techniques. The salient features of morphology and size of the samples were determined using FESEM, and HR-TEM.

Effect of extraction or nonextraction orthodontic treatment modality on favorability of eruption of impacted third molars.

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine if extraction of permanent teeth, for orthodontic purpose, causes a change in third molar angulation and also to determine if extraction of permanent teeth causes an increase in eruption space available for third molars.

Methods: This systematic review includes retrospective cohort studies which evaluated the change in third molar angulation or eruption space available for third molars among orthodontic patients treated by a fixed appliance with either extraction or nonextraction protocol. Search engines used were MEDLINE, IndMED, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from the year 1975 to 2015.

In vitro interaction profiles of the new antitubercular drugs bedaquiline and delamanid with moxifloxacin against clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

Objectives: The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious challenge to existing anti-TB therapies. Hence, there is a direct need for identification of new drugs and effective combination regimens.

Methods: In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the anti-TB drugs bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid (DEL) and moxifloxacin (MFX) were evaluated using a resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) against five drug-resistant clinicalMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates as well as the drug-susceptible reference strain H37Rv.

Age-specific prevalence of TB infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB: Is it time for TB preventive therapy?

Background: Household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients are at high risk of developing evidence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and active disease from the index patient. We estimated the age-specific prevalence of LTBI and the force of infection (FI), as a measure of recent transmission, among HHCs of active TB patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of HHCs of pulmonary TB patients enrolled in a prospective study, 'CTRIUMPh', was conducted at two sites in India.

Genome Mining-Based Identification of Identical Multirepeat Sequences in Plasmodium falciparum Genome for Highly Sensitive Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay and Its Application in Malaria Diagnosis.

Developing ultrasensitive methods capable of detecting submicroscopic parasitemia-a challenge that persists in low transmission areas, asymptomatic carriers, and patients showing recrudescence-is vital to achieving malaria eradication. Nucleic acid amplification techniques offer improved analytical sensitivity but are limited by the number of copies of the amplification targets. Herein, we perform a novel genome mining approach to identify a pair of identical multirepeat sequences (IMRSs) that constitute 170 and 123 copies in the Plasmodium falciparum genome and explore their potential as primers for PCR.

Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibiting C3-β-cholesterol tethered spiro heterocyclic conjugates: Synthesis and their insight of DFT and docking study.

A series of novel covalent cholesterol-spiro pyrrolidine/pyrrolizidine heterocyclic hybrids possessing biologically active oxindole, indanedione, and acenaphthylene-1-one have been synthesized by the reaction of C3-β-cholesteroalacrylate with heterocyclic di- and tri-ketones. All the sixteen compounds were obtained as a single isomer in good yield through a stereo- and regio- selective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition methodology. Stereochemistry of the spiranic cycloadducts has been established by spectroscopic analysis and the regioselectivity outcome of the spiro adducts has been accomplished by DFT calculations at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level study.

A chiral bicyclic skeleton-tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf) complex as a Lewis acid: enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes.

A conformationally rigid chiral bicyclic skeleton tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf)2 complex facilitated the enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with trans-β-nitroarylalkenes in an enantioselective manner at elevated temperature. Indoles reacted smoothly with β-nitroarylalkenes to generate the corresponding 3-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles in good to excellent yields (up to 94%) with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 91%). The stereochemical outcome of the product from indole and trans-β-nitrostyrene in the presence of the CRCB tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf)2 complex and the DFT calculation of the CRCB tethered bipyridine-Zn:trans-β-nitrostyrene complex support the si-face attack of indole on trans-β-nitrostyrene.

Anti-dengue activity of extracts and quantification of dengue viral inhibition by SYBR green reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Dengue virus is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics. As many as 400 million people are infected yearly. Dengue is caused by any one of four related viruses transmitted by mosquitoes.