Economic loss attributable to premature deaths and morbidity among adolescents in India and its states.

Background: India's large youth population presents a significant opportunity to harness the demographic dividend. The disease burden in adolescents could be a hindrance for the future economy if not appropriately addressed.

Methods: We utilised the data on the number of adolescent deaths and attributable years lived with disability (morbidity) in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021.

Barriers to and facilitators of healthcare professionals in ADR reporting in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Introduction: Several adverse drug reactions (ADRs) go unreported within a healthcare setting despite the risks they cause. We therefore decided to conduct this study in order to recognize the obstacles that hinder the healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a tertiary care hospital in Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu from reporting ADRs and what strategies ought to be implemented.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among the HCPs such as doctors, pharmacists and nurses within our institution.

C-28 linker length modulates the activity of second-generation HIV-1 maturation inhibitors.

Maturation inhibitors (MIs) block HIV-1 maturation by preventing the cleavage of the capsid protein and spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1). Bevirimat (BVM), a first-in-class MI, displayed sub-optimal efficacy in clinical trials due to presence of SP1:V7A polymorphism in the Gag protein.This polymorphism is inherently present in HIV-1 subtype C and conferred resistance to BVM.

Private sector delivery of care for maternal and newborn health: trends over a decade in the Indian state of Bihar.

Background: We synthesised the current evidence in coverage and quality of delivery care, change in neonatal mortality (NMR), and causes of neonatal death in the private sector deliveries in the Indian state of Bihar from 2011 to 2021.

Methods: Women aged 15-49 years with livebirths were interviewed in three household surveys involving state-representative samples in 2011, 2016 and 2020-2021 designed to document the coverage of maternal and newborn health services and change in NMR over time. Verbal autopsy interviews were used to assign the cause of neonatal death.

Effect of meta-Topolin on morphological, physiochemical, and molecular dynamics during in vitro regeneration of Salix tetrasperma Roxb.

An efficient in vitro propagation protocol has been established for a valuable medicinal plant, Salix tetrasperma using mature nodal explants. The investigation aimed to observe the influence of various combinations and concentrations of cytokinins (mT, BA, and Kn) and auxins (NAA, IAA, and IBA) on regeneration potential using the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Among individual cytokinin treatments, 5.

Molluscan marvels of Gujarat: exploring species distribution and conservation strategies using a spatial approach.

This study delves into the Molluscan diversity along the Gujarat coast, India, focusing on the distribution and habitat suitability of four key species: Cerithium caeruleum, Lunella coronata, Peronia verruculata, and Trochus radiatus. Utilizing species distribution models (SDMs) integrated with machine learning algorithms, we assessed the impact of environmental variables on the distribution patterns of these molluscs. Our findings reveal a nuanced understanding of habitat preferences, highlighting the critical roles of salinity, chlorophyll concentration, and water temperature.

Role of Probiotics in Depression: Connecting Dots of Gut-Brain-Axis Through Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Tryptophan/Kynurenic Pathway involving Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.

Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide and characterized by symptoms including worthlessness, anhedonia, sleep, and appetite disturbances. Recently, studies have suggested that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a key role in depressed mood through serotonin and kynurenine pathway involving enzyme tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (TPH) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) respectively. Moreover, during neuroinflammation, IDO is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and affects neurogenesis, cognition, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and gut homeostasis by altering the gut bacteria and its metabolites like Trp derivatives.

Central Nervous System Response Against Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Cellular, Biochemical, and Molecular Perspectives.

Gamma radiation is known to induce several detrimental effects on the nervous system. The hippocampus region, specifically the dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ), have been identified as a radiation-sensitive neurogenic niche. Radiation alters the endogenous redox status of neural stem cells (NSCs) and other proliferative cells, especially in the hippocampus region, leading to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death.

Change in Grading of Stunting in Children aged 0-5 years in a Tertiary Hospital in Western India by Using WHO vs. Indian References.

Objectives: To classify under 5-y-old children into normal, short, severe short and tall categories as per WHO (2006) and Indian 2019 synthetic growth charts and to compare the change in the proportion of stunted children based on these two charts.

Methods: This study was done on 1557 (795 boys) apparently healthy children of age group 0-5 y who attended outpatient clinics for routine vaccination and their stature categories were compared on WHO 2006 vs. 2019 Indian synthetic charts.

Efficacy and Safety of Boswellia serrata and Apium graveolens L. Extract Against Knee Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Degeneration: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Osteoarthritis is the prevailing form of inflammatory condition in joints of adults and the aging population, leading to long-term disability and chronic pain. Current therapeutic options have variable therapeutic efficacy and/or several side effects.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 62 participants using a nutraceutical [standardized Boswellia serrata Roxb.

Evaluating temperature dynamics: a single-center prospective randomized pilot study of holmium versus thulium laser fiber for renal stones.

Background: We aimed to evaluate and compare the rise in the temperature for the safety of the kidney parenchyma on firing the Holmium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser and the Thulium Fiber Laser during laser lithotripsy in humans.

Method: We included 30 pre-stented patients with renal calculi undergoing Retrograde intra-renal surgery. They were randomized into two groups - 15 patients underwent holmium laser lithotripsy and 15 patients underwent TFL laser lithotripsy.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review of Multi-omics Analyses.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is among the most prevalent endocrinological abnormalities of young females, posing a grave public health challenge to the society. The objective of the present literature review is to analyze the enormous amount of information available by way of numerous multi-omic studies, and to explore a meaningful relationship between various factors such as genetic, proteomic, environmental etc. to understand the multifactorial metabolic disorder in a proper manner.

Current insights into molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in Cyanobacteria.

The photoautotrophic nature of cyanobacteria, coupled with their fast growth and relative ease of genetic manipulation, makes these microorganisms very promising factories for the sustainable production of bio-products from atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, both in nature and in cultivation, cyanobacteria go through different abiotic stresses such as high light (HL) stress, heavy metal stress, nutrient limitation, heat stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, and alcohol stress. In recent years, significant improvement has been made in identifying the stress-responsive genes and the linked pathways in cyanobacteria and developing genome editing tools for their manipulation.

Biophysical and spectroscopical insights into structural modulation of species in the aggregation pathway of superoxide dismutase 1.

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) aggregation is implicated in the development of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Despite knowledge of the role of SOD1 aggregation, the mechanistic understanding remains elusive. Our investigation aimed to unravel the complex steps involved in SOD1 aggregation associated with ALS.

Who drives weight stigma? A multinational exploration of clustering characteristics behind weight bias against preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women.

Background: Weight bias is a global health challenge and community members are endorsed as the most common source of weight bias. The nature of weight biases specifically against preconception, pregnant, and postpartum (PPP) women from the perspective of community members is not known, especially in terms of cross-cultural trends. We investigated the magnitude of explicit and implicit weight bias and profiles of characteristics associated with harbouring weight bias.

Intrusion detection in metaverse environment internet of things systems by metaheuristics tuned two level framework.

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies that supports Metaverse integrating process, by enabling smooth data transfer among physical and virtual domains. Integrating sensor devices, wearables, and smart gadgets into Metaverse environment enables IoT to deepen interactions and enhance immersion, both crucial for a completely integrated, data-driven Metaverse. Nevertheless, because IoT devices are often built with minimal hardware and are connected to the Internet, they are highly susceptible to different types of cyberattacks, presenting a significant security problem for maintaining a secure infrastructure.

Extracellular vesicles in seminal plasma of Sahiwal cattle bulls carry a differential abundance of sperm fertility-associated proteins for augmenting the functional quality of low-fertile bull spermatozoa.

Poor male fertility significantly affects dairy production, primarily due to low conception rates (CR) in bulls, even when cows are inseminated with morphologically normal sperm. Seminal plasma is a key factor in evaluating the fertilizing ability of bull semen. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in seminal plasma contain fertility-associated proteins like SPAM1, ADAM7, and SP10, which influence sperm function and fertilizing potential.

Re-locative guided search optimized self-sparse attention enabled deep learning decoder for quantum error correction.

Heavy hexagonal coding is a type of quantum error-correcting coding in which the edges and vertices of a low-degree graph are assigned auxiliary and physical qubits. While many topological code decoders have been presented, it is still difficult to construct the optimal decoder due to leakage errors and qubit collision. Therefore, this research proposes a Re-locative Guided Search optimized self-sparse attention-enabled convolutional Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory (RlGS2-DCNTM) for performing effective error correction in quantum codes.

Comparative analysis of brushless DC and switched reluctance motors for optimizing off-grid water pumping.

Off-grid water pumping systems (OGWPS) have become an increasingly popular area of research in the search for sustainable energy solutions. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based design and analysis of Brushless-DC (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) designed for low-power water pumping applications. Utilizing adaptive finite element analysis (FEA), both motors were designed with identical ratings and design parameters to ensure a fair comparison.

Prediction of the transient coolant jet released from the nose cone at supersonic flow via machine learning.

In this paper, the usage of a predictive surrogate model for the estimate of flow variables in the transient phase of coolant injection from the nose cone by combining the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. The velocity, pressure, and mass fraction of the counterflow jet is evaluated via this hybrid technique and the source of discrepancy of a predictive surrogate model with Full order model is explained in this study. The POD modes for the efficient prediction of the different flow variables are defined.

Effect of boiling water soaking on the mechanical properties and durability of nanoclay-enhanced bamboo and glass fiber epoxy composites.

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are subjected to harsh environmental conditions over the course of their designed lifespan. Studying the aging process of fiber-reinforced polymer composites exposed to boiling water is critical for improving their durability. This study uses a hand lay-up technique to fabricate composites from glass fiber, bamboo fiber, nanoclay, and epoxy.

Digital framework for georeferenced multiplatform surveillance of banana wilt using human in the loop AI and YOLO foundation models.

Bananas (Musa spp.) are a critical global food crop, providing a primary source of nutrition for millions of people. Traditional methods for disease monitoring and detection are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to inaccuracies.

An optimal workflow scheduling in IoT-fog-cloud system for minimizing time and energy.

Today, with the increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the world, various workflows that need to be stored and processed on the computing platforms. But this issue, causes an increase in costs for computing resources providers, and as a result, system Energy Consumption (EC) is also reduced. Therefore, this paper examines the workflow scheduling problem of IoT devices in the fog-cloud environment, where reducing the EC of the computing system and reducing the MakeSpan Time (MST) of workflows as main objectives, under the constraints of priority, deadline and reliability.