Optimized pure cellulose from rice straw using low alkali concentration for sustainable nanocellulose and nanohydrogel production with enhanced dye reduction.

Conversion of rice straw into nanocellulose offers a sustainable approach to agricultural waste management, yielding an industrially important product with potential applications. This work focuses on effectively extracting pure cellulose from both widely used Basmati and Parmal rice straw (BRS and PRS) using less alkali concentrations (3-5 % NaOH). The process was optimized via Box Behnken design at 90-150 °C temperatures for 90-150 min, which resulted in 88.

Fabricating pine needles derived spherical nanocellulose with polyaniline and montmorillonite clay for simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic dyes from binary mixtures.

Herein, pine needles derived spherical nanocellulose (SNC) was combined with aniline to form SNC-polyaniline (SNC-PANI), followed by modification with montmorillonite (MMT) to form SNC-PANI-MMT composite. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA, FESEM, and EDS and evaluated for the simultaneous adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes, malachite green (MG), and Congo red (CR) from MG-CR mixture, and fuchsin basic (FB) and methyl orange (MO) from FB-MO mixture. Non-linear kinetics of adsorption showed the anionic dyes, CR and MO to follow pseudo-first order kinetics with 91.

Determination of enzyme kinetic parameters of fast-acting Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ulp1 catalytic domain using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay.

The SUMO fusion technology has immensely contributed to the soluble production of therapeutics and other recombinant proteins in E. coli. The structure-based functionality of SUMO protease has remained the primary determinant for choosing SUMO as a solubility enhancer tag.

A review on chitosan and chitosan-based bionanocomposites: Promising biological macromolecules for sustainable corrosion inhibition.

Corrosion is a significant issue affecting industrial metal surfaces, resulting in material degradation, economic losses, and safety concerns. This review comprehensively examines chitosan and its nano and bionanocomposite forms as sustainable, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, emphasizing key innovations in their development and application. The article highlights chitosan's ability to form protective films, which inhibit corrosion by creating a barrier on metal surfaces.

Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine following introduction in the childhood immunization program in Northeast India.

Background: Rotavirus diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years of age. The WHO has recommended vaccination against this agent especially in countries with high mortality rates. As India accounts for almost a quarter of worldwide rotaviral diarrhoea cases, the government has introduced indigenously manufactured vaccines in the national immunization schedule which has been implemented in four phases.

In-vitro susceptibility of cefiderocol and other comparators in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli: A study from India.

Introduction: Cefiderocol is a parenteral catechol-type siderophore cephalosporin, which has been approved for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Its activity among the carbapenem-resistant gram negative bacilli (CR-GNBs) in India is largely unknown.

Methodology: We tested in-vitro susceptibility of cefiderocol in 84 CR-GNB [ carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) , carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP)] by broth microdilution(BMD) and disc diffusion (DD) using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints and concordance of DD was compared with BMD.

The key vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities in the USP7-p53/MDM2 axis in cancer.

The MDM2/MDMX-p53 circuitry is essential for controlling the development, apoptosis, immune response, angiogenesis, senescence, cell cycle progression, and proliferation of cancer cells. Research has demonstrated that USP7 exerts strong control over p53, MDM2, and MDMX stability, with multiple mediator proteins influencing the USP7-p53-MDM2/MDMX axis to modify p53 expression level and function. In cases where p53 is of the wild type (Wt-p53) in tumors, inhibiting USP7 promotes the degradation of MDM2/MDMX, leading to the activation of p53 signaling.

Whole genome sequencing revealed high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria isolated from poultry manure.

Global demand for food has driven expansion and intensification of livestock production, particularly in developing nations where antibiotic use is often routine. Waste from poultry production, including manure, is commonly utilized as fertilizers in agroecosystems, risking environmental contamination with potentially zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Here, 33 bacterial isolates were recovered from broiler (n=17) and layer (n=16) chicken manure by aerobic culture using Luria Bertani agar.

PDE4 inhibitor rolipram represses hedgehog signaling via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of GLI transcription factors to regress breast cancer.

Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway positively correlates with progression, invasion and metastasis of several cancers, including breast cancer. Although numerous inhibitors of the Hh signaling pathway are available, several oncogenic mutations of key components of the pathway, including Smoothened (Smo), have limited their capability to be developed as putative anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we have modulated the Hh signaling pathway in breast cancer using a specific FDA-approved phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram.

Extracellular volume expansion drives vertebrate axis elongation.

The vertebrate bauplan is primarily established via the formation of embryonic tissues in a head-to-tail progression. The mechanics of this elongation, which requires the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), remain poorly understood. Here, we find that avian PSM explants can elongate autonomously when physically confined in vitro, producing a pushing force promoting posterior elongation of the embryo.

Antimicrobial biodegradable packaging films from phosphorylated starch: A sustainable solution for plastic waste.

This study focused on developing biodegradable packaging films based on starch as an alternative to non-biodegradable such as petroleum-derived synthetic polymers. To improve its physicochemical properties, potato starch was chemically modified through phosphorylation. Starch phosphorylation was carried out using cyclic 1,3-propanediol phosphoryl chloride (CPPC), produced phosphorylated starch (PS), and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Named reaction in carbohydrate chemistry: A review.

Central to the synthetic organic chemist's armoury are the organic/inorganic reagents which are employed to effect a broad range of structural changes. Herein, we report a collection of 29 organic named reactions applicable in the carbohydrate chemistry, arranged in alphabetical order. In this contribution, we have displayed general schemes, examples and probable reaction mechanism for each chemical reaction.

A review on the role of nanocomposites for desulfurization of liquid transportation fuels.

Stringent sulfur removal regulations from transportation fuels from typical levels of 500 ppm to ultra-low levels of 10 ppm (BS-6 standard) present a critical challenge for the crude processing industry. This research thoroughly investigates emerging desulfurization technologies, with a focus on nanocomposite (NC) materials that exhibit exceptional sulfur removal efficiency. Advanced nanocomposite catalysts, such as (TBA)PWFe@TiO@PVA, have near-complete removal rates of 96-99% for complicated sulfur compounds like dibenzothiophene (DBT) and derivatives.

Biolubricants from waste cooking oil: A review of extraction technologies, conversion techniques, and performance enhancement using natural antioxidants.

Effective management of agricultural and industrial by-products is essential for promoting circular economic practices and enhancing environmental sustainability. Agri-food wastes and waste cooking oil (WCO) represent two abundant residual streams with significant potential for sustainable biolubricant production. Valorizing biomass and WCO aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, as it improves energy efficiency through enhanced lubricant performance and reduced energy loss.

On the formation and stability mechanisms of diverse lipid-based nanostructures for drug delivery.

In the evolving landscape of nanotechnology and pharmaceuticals, lipid nanostructures have emerged as pivotal areas of research due to their unique ability to mimic biological membranes and encapsulate active molecules. These nanostructures offer promising avenues for drug delivery, vaccine development, and diagnostic applications. This comprehensive review explores the complex mechanisms underlying the formation and stability of various lipid nanostructures, including lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles.

Misidentification syndromes: A retrospective study from India.

Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are rare neuropsychiatric syndromes. Most of the available data on DMS is from the developed countries. The present retrospective analysis was conducted on patients utilizing the psychiatry services in a North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Fragment-Based Drug Discovery: Small Fragments, Big Impact - Success Stories of Approved Oncology Therapeutics.

Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) has revolutionized drug discovery by overcoming the challenges of traditional methods like combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening (HTS). Leveraging small, low-molecular-weight fragments, FBDD achieves higher hit rates, reduced screening costs, and faster development timelines for clinically relevant drug candidates. This review explores FBDD's core principles, innovative methodologies, and its success in targeting diverse protein classes, including previously "undruggable" targets.

Design, Synthesis, Biocompatibility, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of novel Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde derivatives targeting human IgM Fc Domains.

In this study, three novel derivatives of benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (BTAP1, BTAP2, and BTAP3) were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized using spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, UV-VIS, HNMR, and CNMR. Thermal analysis through TGA and DTA demonstrated remarkable thermal stability with a maximum threshold at 270 °C. Spectroscopic investigations revealed π → π* transitions in all compounds, attributed to the conjugated system comprising benzothiophene rings connected to bromophenyl/ aminophenyl/phenol rings via α, β-unsaturated ketone bridges.

CuSeO@f-CNFs: A superoxide nanozyme for the selective nanomolar determination of the key cardiovascular biomarker, Glutathione.

Nanocomposites that mimic the characteristics of enzymes, commonly as nanozymes, can function as an efficient sensing material with high selectivity towards the targeted biological macromolecule. These nanozymes overcome of the challenges that arise when using natural enzymes as sensing material. This study presents a novel nanozyme, Copper Selenite (CuSeO) nanoparticles mounted on f-CNF, to electrochemically determine a potential cardiovascular biomarker, Glutathione (GSH).

Positive childhood experiences in mental health of young adults across adverse childhood experiences levels: A study from Delhi-NCR, India.

Background: While the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health outcomes has received substantial scientific attention, the role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) has far less widely been explored, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: The present study aimed to understand the association of exposure to cumulative and individual PCEs with current depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India, independently and across ACE exposure levels.

Participants And Setting: This cross-sectional study involved 1553 young adults (aged 18-25) of both sexes (70.

Urine exosome biomarkers of obesity after Lekhana Basti treatment - Report of a pilot study.

Background: Obesity is a rising risk factor for various diseases including cardiovascular diseases and Cancer. The limitations of targeted obesity-treatment approaches employed in the clinic presently underscore the importance of developing integrative management strategies for identification of specific biomarkers of obesity.

Objectives: Given the specificity of exosome/extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers, we aimed here to identify the EV biomarkers of Ayurveda treatment - Lekhana Basti - for Obesity.

ST-CIRL: a reinforcement learning-based feature selection approach for enhanced anxiety classification.

A physiological signal-based Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) system provides a communication link between human emotional states and external devices. Accurately classifying these signals is vital for effective interaction, which requires extracting and selecting the most discriminative features to differentiate between various emotional states. This paper introduces the SMOTETomek-Correlated Interactive Reinforcement Learning (ST-CIRL) framework for anxiety classification, which leverages meta-descriptive statistics to enhance the state representation in the reinforcement learning process.

Elucidating the life history parameters of Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) under varied substrate compositions and temperatures.

A comprehensive study was conducted on the life history parameters of an important vector Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), to standardize potential rearing procedures. Data on life history traits and rearing conditions are crucial for establishing laboratory colony and conducting vector competence-based studies utilizing specimens with a known rearing history. Six different substrate compositions were used to rear the larvae: S1: habitat mud containing cattle manure + nutrient broth + yeast, S2: yeast, S3: habitat mud containing cattle manure + nutrient broth, S4: nutrient broth, S5: sterile (habitat mud consisting cattle manure + nutrient broth + yeast) and S6: tap water.

EEG-derived brainwave patterns for depression diagnosis via hybrid machine learning and deep learning frameworks.

In the fields of engineering, science, technology, and medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements. In particular, the application of AI techniques in medicine, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), is rapidly growing and offers great potential for aiding physicians in the early diagnosis of illnesses. Depression, one of the most prevalent and debilitating mental illnesses, is projected to become the leading cause of disability worldwide by 2040.