Direct Methane to Methanol Conversion: An Overview of Non-Syn Gas Catalytic Strategies.

Direct methane to methanol conversion is a dream reaction in industrial chemistry, which takes inspiration from the biological methanol production catalysed by methane monooxygenase enzymes (MMOs). Over the years, extensive studies have been conducted on this topic by bioengineering the MMOs, and tailoring methods to isolate the MMOs in the active form. Similarly, remarkable achievements have been noted in other methane activation strategies such as the use of heterogeneous catalysts or molecular catalysts.

Surfing the Growth Parameters in the Quest for Low-Power, Forming-Free, and Highly Stable TiO Memristors for Nanoscale Electronics.

Understanding the resistive switching (RS) behavior of oxide-based memory devices at nanoscale is crucial for advancement of high-integration density in-memory computing platforms. This study explores a comprehensive growth parameter space to address the RS behavior of pulsed-laser-deposited substoichiometric TiO (TiO) thin films in search of tailored nanoscale memristors with low-power consumption and high stability. Conductive-atomic-force-microscopy-based measurements facilitate deciphering the switching behavior at nanoscale, providing a direct avenue to understand the microstructure-property relationships.

Recent Advancement on Selectfluor Mediated Synthesis of Heterocyclic Molecules.

Selectfluor, [1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)], is a highly valuable reagent in contemporary chemistry, serving not only as an electrophilic fluorinating agent but also as an effective catalyst in the synthesis of various pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles.

Leveraging eCAP thresholds in a logistic model to predict speech outcomes after implantation in anomalous cochlea.

Background: Pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients with cochlear malformations face challenges due to variable speech recognition outcomes.

Aims/objectives: This study assesses the predictive value of intraoperative electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) thresholds, residual hearing, age at implantation, Intelligent Quotient (IQ), and malformation type for speech recognition outcomes.

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort of 52 children (aged 1-4 years) with cochlear malformations who underwent CI between 2016 and 2024 was analyzed.

Threat to control promotes utilitarian moral judgement: The role of judgement type and length of control deprivation.

In three studies (total N = 622), the effects of threat to control on subsequent moral judgement were examined. After recalling a lack-of-control experience, participants evaluated the morality of a protagonist's decisions in a series of incongruent moral dilemmas. We found that a control-threatening reminder made moral judgements more utilitarian on the deontological-utilitarian dimension, which is consistent with the control motivation theory.

Identification and functional characterization of a fructose-inducible phosphotransferase system in Sp7.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Sp7 utilizes fructose efficiently via a fructose phosphotransferase system (Fru-PTS). Its genome encodes two putative Fru-PTS, each consisting of FruB (EIIA), FruK (Pfk), and FruA (EIIBC) proteins. We compared the proteomes of Sp7 grown with malate or fructose as sole carbon source, and noticed upregulation of the constituent proteins of Fru-PTS1 only on fructose.

Multiplexed Molecular Endophenotypes Help Identify Hub Genes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Unlocking Next-Generation Cancer Phenomics.

Next-generation cancer phenomics by deployment of multiple molecular endophenotypes coupled with high-throughput analyses of gene expression offer veritable opportunities for triangulation of discovery findings in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research. This study reports differentially expressed genes in NSCLC using publicly available datasets (GSE18842 and GSE229253), uncovering 130 common genes that may potentially represent crucial molecular signatures of NSCLC. Additionally, network analyses by GeneMANIA and STRING revealed significant coexpression and interaction patterns among these genes, with four notable hub genes-, , and -identified as pivotal in NSCLC progression.

Novel Cationic Bolaamphiphiles for Protein and DNA Binding, Gene Delivery, and Antimicrobial Applications.

In this study, we have designed and developed a cationic bolaform C12-(2,3-dihydroxy-N, N-dimethyl-N-(2-ureidoethyl)propan-1-aminium chloride)2 (C12(DDUPAC)2) that is derived from biocompatible molecules. The bolaform C12(DDUPAC)2 has hydroxyl (OH) functionality at both the cationic head groups. The impact of head group structure on the self-assembly and effectiveness of gene transfection and antimicrobial activity was investigated and compared with that of the hydrochloride salt C12-(N, N-dimethyl-N-(2-ureidoethan-1-aminium chloride)2 (C12(DUAC)2) of its precursor molecule.

Sensing of -butanol vapours using an oxygen vacancy-enriched ZnSnO-SnO hybrid-composite.

The precise identification of various toxic gases is important to prevent health and environmental hazards using cost-effective, efficient, metal oxide-based chemiresistive sensing methods. This study explores the sensing properties of a chemiresistive sensor based on a ZnSnO-SnO microcomposite for detecting -butanol vapours. The microcomposite, enriched with oxygen vacancies, was thoroughly characterized, confirming its structure, crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition.

Supramolecular Preorganization of Amine-functionalized Diacetylene Monomers in their Crystals Allows their Topochemical Polymerization to Polydiacetylenenes Capable of CO2 Capture.

We designed and synthesized three diacetylene monomers M1-M3 having two NH2 groups. As anticipated, the NH2 groups aided the preorganization of these monomers by N-H…N hydrogen bonding. In the crystals of monomer M1 and M2, the intermolecular N-H…N hydrogen bonding preorganized the diyne units in an orientation suitable for their topochemical polymerization, but in the case of monomer M3, the distance was slightly larger than that recommended for the topochemical reaction.

Oral Manifestations in a Child With Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis, and Refractory Rickets.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of disorders in which there is an alteration in acid-base homeostasis because of the impairment of nephrons to excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate ions, resulting in chronic metabolic acidosis. RTA is an important cause of rickets, particularly 'resistant rickets'. Dental manifestations frequently reported in patients with RTA include enamel hypoplasia and amelogenesis imperfecta, affecting permanent dentition.

Mpemba effect in the relaxation of an active Brownian particle in a trap without metastable states.

We explore the role of activity in the occurrence of the Mpemba effect within a system of an active colloid diffusing in a potential landscape devoid of metastable minimum. The Mpemba effect is characterized by a phenomenon where a hotter system reaches equilibrium quicker than a colder one when both are rapidly cooled to the same low temperature. While a minimal asymmetry in the potential landscape is crucial for observing this effect in passive colloidal systems, the introduction of activity can either amplify or reduce the threshold of this minimal asymmetry, resulting in the activity-induced and suppressed Mpemba effect.

DFT study of Pd-doped ZrCl: a promising solution for dissolved gas molecule analysis in transformer oil.

The application of 2D materials for detecting dissolved gas molecules is essential for identifying faults in oil-immersed transformers. This study investigates the adsorption properties of ZrCl monolayer (ML) and Pd-doped ZrCl ML with six gas molecules (CO, CO, CH, CH, CH, CH) in transformer oil using the density functional approach. The adsorption behaviour was analysed by calculating and comparing the structures, charge transfer and adsorption energies.

Thyromimetics and MASLD: Unveiling the Novel Molecules Beyond Resmetirom.

Background: Resmetirom, the first FDA-approved drug for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis in obese patients, when combined with lifestyle modifications, improves NASH resolution and reduces fibrosis by at least one stage. Low thyroid hormone (T) levels are linked to a higher risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Epidemiological studies have confirmed the positive correlation between hypothyroidism and MASLD.

Efficacy of treatment options for complicated urinary tract infections including acute pyelonephritis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.

Compared with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), complicated UTIs (cUTIs) including acute pyelonephritis (AP) present with significant morbidity, a higher risk of treatment failure and typically require longer courses of treatment, or alternative antibiotics. The emergence of drug-resistant organisms represents a considerable challenge in the treatment of patients with cUTIs/AP and has limited antibiotic options. Carbapenems are considered the current last line of therapy, however, carbapenem resistance represents a growing problem.

A Review on Sustainable Slow-Release N, P, K Fertilizer Hydrogels for Smart Agriculture.

The agricultural sector of any country plays a pivotal role in its economy. Irrigation and the provision of appropriate nutrient levels in soil are essential for optimizing plant growth and enhancing crop productivity. To support the increasing need for food due to the growing population worldwide, synthetic fertilizers have been widely used in the agricultural sector.

Exploring pathological targets and advancing pharmacotherapy in autism spectrum disorder: Contributions of glial cells and heavy metals.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a globally recognized neurodevelopmental condition characterized by repetitive and restrictive behavior, persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, mental disturbances, etc., affecting approximately 1 in 100 children worldwide. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, but specific biomarkers have not yet been identified.

Molecular Structural Control of the Amorphous-Crystalline Balance in Solids: Structure-Phase Correlation in DADQs with Enhanced/Switchable Fluorescence.

The amorphous/crystalline (A/C) assembly in molecular solids has a direct bearing on their attributes and applications, including mechanical, pharmaceutical, electronic and photophysical.  A systematic analysis of the molecular features and interactions that determine the predilection towards the A, C or bi-stable A-C states is critical.  This fundamental problem is addressed through an exhaustive investigation of a large family of alkoxyalkyl diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes (ROR'-DADQs); enhancement of their fluorescence from the solution, to the A, to the C state serves as an excellent signature of the phase preference and temporal stability.

Efficacy and safety of daprodustat in patients on peritoneal dialysis in the ASCEND-D trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Daprodustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is approved for treatment of anemia in dialysis patients with CKD in some parts of the world. This subgroup analysis examined the efficacy and safety of daprodustat versus darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: ASCEND-D (NCT02879305) was an open-label, Phase 3 trial; patients with CKD were randomized to daprodustat daily and epoetin alfa (HD patients) or darbepoetin alfa (PD patients).

Patterns and trends in burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021 among south Asian countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study also assesses the impact of risk factors like high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupational exposures on asthma outcomes.

Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: An In-depth Analysis of the Use of Immunotherapy, Precision Medicine, and Artificial Intelligence to Improve Prognoses.

Therapeutic hurdles persist in the fight against lung cancer, although it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Results are still not up to par, even with the best efforts of conventional medicine, thus new avenues of investigation are required. Examining how immunotherapy, precision medicine, and AI are being used to manage lung cancer, this review shows how these tools can change the game for patients and increase their chances of survival.