Maternal Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Outcomes During Childhood and Early Adult Life.

Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing; the study of adverse outcomes in cannabis-exposed pregnancies is therefore important. Previous articles in this series described increased risks of maternal adverse outcomes, fetal adverse outcomes, birth defects in newborns, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. This article examines neuropsychiatric adverse outcomes in offspring gestationally exposed to cannabis.

Repurposing the familiar: Future treatment options against chronic kidney disease.

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health issue with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, effective therapeutic options are limited, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Also, current frontline treatments that are available against CKD are not uniformly effective and often come with significant side effects.

Cryptic presentation: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis mimicking a high-grade malignancy resulting in surgical fatality within 48 hours. Illustrative case.

Background: A 71-year-old male presented with weakness of the right upper limb and headache for the past 3 months. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast showed a left frontal space-occupying lesion, suggestive of a high-grade malignancy. Awake craniotomy with complete excision of the lesion was performed under immunofluorescence guidance.

Does knowledge impact adherence?: correlation between HIV-infected pregnant women's knowledge of WHO-recommended PMTCT guidelines and their adherence to the PMTCT program in India.

WHO's 2013 PMTCT guidelines recommended lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), nevirapine prophylaxis (NVP) and early infant diagnosis (EID) for HIV-exposed-breastfed infants. We examined the association between knowledge and adherence to these guidelines among 550 HIV-infected pregnant women in Maharashtra, India. Knowledge of PMTCT guidelines was assessed using a structured-questionnaire during enrollment.

Modified transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the pros and cons of removing the guidewire immediately after valve deployment.

The authors propose a modified transcatheter aortic valve replacement technique wherein the removal of the guidewire and delivery catheter immediately after the valve implantation helps to not only shorten the procedure but also decrease complications induced by the guidewire and delivery catheter.

Exploring the Anti-Adherence Potential of Skt35 to Combat Catheter-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Efficacy, Toxicity and Mechanism of Action.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), often caused by biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus, present significant clinical challenges. Skt35, a dioxopiperidinamide derivative of cinnamic acid, was investigated for its potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus biofilms.

Organoselenium Ligand Enabled Selective Electron Tuning for Switchable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Unraveling the electronic structure of metal complexes can bring various catalytic possibilities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the electronic effect of metal and ligands modulating and switching the reaction center for HER has yet to be comprehensively analyzed. Herein, we report nickel selenoether electrocatalysts which show tunable reaction centers (nickel or ligand) for HER using mild weak acetic acid in less deprotonating DMF solvent.

Arsenic-Induced Inflammatory Response via ROS-Dependent Activation of ERK/NF-kB Signaling Pathways: Protective Role of Natural Polyphenol Tannic Acid.

Arsenic (As), a highly toxic metalloid, is present throughout our environment as a result of both natural and human-related activities. Furthermore, As exposure could lead to a persistent inflammatory response, which may facilitate the pathogenesis of several diseases in various organs. This study was performed to investigate the As-induced inflammatory response and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro.

Elastographic evaluation for fatty liver disease in north Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: The prevalence and predisposing factors to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children with type 1 Diabetes (T1D) living in developing countries are unknown.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with T1D. The presence of liver fat and tissue stiffness were assessed by ultrasonography and shear-wave elastography (SWE), respectively.

Digital Health Intervention (SANGYAN Podcast) to Enhance Knowledge Related to COVID-19 and Other Health Conditions: Protocol for an Implementation and Evaluation Study.

Background: Podcasts are an unconventional method of disseminating information through audio to the masses. They are an emerging portable technology and a valuable resource that provides unlimited access for promoting health among participants. Podcasts related to health care have been used as a source of medical education, but there is a dearth of studies on the use of podcasts as a source of health information.

Performance analysis of image retrieval system using deep learning techniques.

The image retrieval is the process of retrieving the relevant images to the query image with minimal searching time in internet. The problem of the conventional Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system is that they produce retrieval results for either colour images or grey scale images alone. Moreover, the CBIR system is more complex which consumes more time period for producing the significant retrieval results.

Cu(I)-Induced G-quartets: Robust Supramolecular Polymers Exhibiting Heating-Induced Aqueous Phase Transitions into Gel or Precipitate.

Certain proteins and synthetic covalent polymers experience aqueous phase transitions, driving functional self-assembly. Herein, we unveil the ability of supramolecular polymers (SPs) formed by G4.Cu+ to undergo heating-induced unexpected aqueous phase transitions.

Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Systematic Evaluation of New Class Fluorescein Based Derivative with Organic Solvents: Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Methods for Optoelectronic Applications.

In this report the photophysical property of newly synthesized fluorescein based derivative 2-(5-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid has studied by spectroscopic and theoretical that is by Density Functional Theory technique. The structural and functional group of the synthesized molecule was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique, and from the result so far obtained has been confirmed that molecule has a stable structure and confirmed the presence the functional groups present in the sample. The optical properties of the molecule are studied using the spectroscopic technique and it has revealed the solute-solvent interaction behaviour of the molecule and it has been observed that the bathochromic shift was of about 5 nm, from the fluorescence measurement it has revealed that the emission has been observed at green region and from the power spectra it has been confirmed the same.

Comparative evaluation of protective efficacy of experimental inactivated vaccines against haemorrhagic septicaemia.

Developing an effective vaccine for haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in cattle and buffaloes is urgently needed. While preferred for their safety, achieving sufficient, cross-protective, and long-lasting immunity is still challenging when administering inactivated vaccines. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of four inactivating components comprising three inactivating agents: (1) Binary ethylenimine (BEI), (2) Formalin, (3) a combination of BEI and Formalin, and (4) Hydrogen peroxide (HO), in inactivating Pasteurella multocida to enhance HS vaccine potency.

Adsorption behavior of Cu(II) on UV-aged polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene microplastics in aqueous solution.

Plastics are widely used across various applications from packing to commercial products. Once discarded, they were subjected to environmental stresses, causing them to degrade into microplastics (MPs). These small, invisible pollutants pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, gradually compromising the resilience and vitality of the natural environment.

Epidemiology of loneliness & social isolation, an emerging public mental health predicament in India: a scoping review.

Loneliness and Social Isolation (SI) has evolved into an epidemic and WHO has alarmed many developed and developing countries that their citizens are going through the epidemic of loneliness and SI. It affects the Mental Health status of a person & leads to morbidities and premature death. Loneliness and SI are overlooked subjects resulting in poor research turnover.

Optimizing antibody stability and efficacy in CD47- SIRPα inhibition via computational approaches.

CD47, a cell surface protein, serves as a "don't eat me" signal that prevents immune cells from engulfing healthy cells upon its interaction with SIRPα. Cancer cells exploit this mechanism by overexpressing CD47 to evade immune destruction. Blocking the interaction between CD47 and its receptor, SIRPα, is a promising therapeutic strategy.

Regulatory effects of resveratrol on nitric oxide signaling in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular illnesses are multifactorial disorders and represent the primary reasons for death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is extremely permeable across cellular membranes owing to its unique molecular features, like its small molecular size, lipophilicity, and free radical properties. Some of the biological effects of NO are vasodilation, inhibition in the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, and functional regulation of cardiac cells.

The potential link between the development of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) pose distinct but interconnected health challenges, both significantly impacting the aging population. AD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline, is primarily associated with the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. OP, a skeletal disorder marked by low bone mineral density, involves dysregulation of bone remodeling and is associated with an increased risk of fractures.

The interplay of senescence and MMPs in myocardial infarction: implications for cardiac aging and therapeutics.

Aging is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Cellular senescence is also a crucial factor in the development of age-related MI. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) interaction with cellular senescence is a critical determinant of MI development and outcomes, most notably in the aged heart.

Smartphone Applications-Based Intervention to Reduce Body Mass Index and Improve Health-Related Behavior Among Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess changes in body mass index (BMI), diet and physical activity (PA) of 8-15-y-old children with overweight/ obesity, following a smartphone applications-based intervention; and to understand facilitators and barriers for BMI reduction.

Methods: Children were enrolled through online sessions on childhood obesity for students, parents and teachers at five private schools in Delhi, and requesting parents who perceived their children as having obesity to contact the study team. Eligibility was confirmed through home visit by a technician.

Genomics-assisted stacking of waxy1, opaque2, and crtRB1 genes for enhancing amylopectin in biofortified maize for industrial utilization and nutritional security.

Waxy maize is highly preferred diet in developing countries due to its high amylopectin content. Enriching amylopectin in biofortified maize meets food security and fulfils the demand of rising industrial applications, especially bioethanol. The mutant waxy1 (wx1) gene is responsible for increased amylopectin in maize starch, with a wide range of food and industrial applications.

Nanoparticle Interactions with the Blood Brain Barrier: Insights from Drosophila and Implications for Human Astrocyte Targeted Therapies.

This review explores the intricate connections between Drosophila models and the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) with nanoparticle-based approaches for neurological treatment. Drosophila serves as a powerful model organism due to its evolutionary conservation of key biological processes, particularly in the context of the BBB, which is formed by glial cells that share structural and functional similarities with mammalian endothelial cells. Recent advancements in nanoparticle technology have highlighted their potential for effective drug delivery across the BBB, utilizing mechanisms such as passive diffusion, receptor-mediated transcytosis, and carrier-mediated transport.