Bio-inspired preparation of Ag NPs, rGO, and Ag/rGO nanocomposites for acoustical, antioxidant, and plant growth regulatory studies.

Acoustical properties are essential for understanding the molecular interactions in fluids, as they influence the physicochemical behavior of liquids and determine their suitability for diverse applications. This study investigated the acoustical parameters of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Ag/rGO nanocomposite nanofluids at varying concentrations. Ag NPs and Ag/rGO nanocomposites were synthesized via a Bos taurus indicus (BTI) metabolic waste-assisted method and characterized using advanced techniques, including XRD, TEM, Raman, DLS, zeta potential, and XPS.

A high-speed MPPT based horse herd optimization algorithm with dynamic linear active disturbance rejection control for PV battery charging system.

This study first proposes an innovative method for optimizing the maximum power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) systems during dynamic and static environmental conditions (DSEC) by applying the horse herd optimization algorithm (HHOA). The HHOA is a bio-inspired technique that mimics the motion cycles of an entire herd of horses. Next, the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) was applied to monitor the HHOA's reference voltage output.

Enhancing lane detection in autonomous vehicles with multi-armed bandit ensemble learning.

This study introduces a novel ensemble learning technique namely Multi-Armed Bandit Ensemble (MAB-Ensemble), designed for lane detection in road images intended for autonomous vehicles. The foundation of the proposed MAB-Ensemble technique is inspired in terms of Multi-Armed bandit optimization to facilitate efficient model selection for lane segmentation. The benchmarking dataset namely TuSimple is used for training, validating and testing the proposed and existing lane detection techniques.

Structural, morphological and biological assessment of magnetic hydroxyapatite with superior hyperthermia potential for orthopedic applications.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important constituent of natural bone. The properties of HA can be enhanced with the help of various ionic substitutions in the crystal lattice of HA. Iron (Fe) is a vital element present in bones and teeth.

[Formula: see text]-roaming dynamics in the formation of [Formula: see text] following two-photon double ionization of ethanol and aminoethanol.

Roaming reactions involving a neutral fragment of a molecule that transiently wanders around another fragment before forming a new bond are intriguing and peculiar pathways for molecular rearrangement. Such reactions can occur for example upon double ionization of small organic molecules, and have recently sparked much scientific interest. We have studied the dynamics of the [Formula: see text]-roaming reaction leading to the formation of [Formula: see text] after two-photon double ionization of ethanol and 2-aminoethanol, using an XUV-UV pump-probe scheme.

Reduction in bacterial culture positivity rates at a human milk bank facility of a tertiary care hospital: a quality improvement initiative.

Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) offer the best feed for neonates after mother's own milk (MOM), especially when MOM is insufficient. Although HMBs are founded on standard protocols, contamination and wastage of milk due to positive milk cultures remain a problem. Present study was planned as a quality improvement (QI) initiative to reduce culture rates at the HMB.

Bacillus spp. as microbial factories for levan and fructooligosaccharide production - Recent trends.

Levan is a fructan-type homopolysaccharide that has gained increasing attention due to its unique properties and promising applications. It is a fructose-based polymer produced through microbial fermentation by diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts and archaea. The ongoing research on levan mainly focuses on optimizing production processes, elucidating its biological functions, and uncover novel applications.

Synthesis of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose connect flavonoid (CH-Fla-CMC) composite and their investigation of antioxidant, cytotoxicity activities.

This study successfully synthesised and characterised composites combining chitosan (CH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and various flavonoids (Fla). This innovative approach demonstrates the potential for developing functional materials with antioxidant and food preservation properties. The composites CH-Fla-CMC (1-5) was characterised using advanced techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA, providing robust data on their structural, morphological, and thermal properties.

Evolution of transcription factor-containing superfamilies in Eukaryotes.

Regulation of gene expression helps determine various phenotypes in most cellular life forms. It is orchestrated at different levels and at the point of transcription initiation by transcription factors (TFs). TFs bind to DNA through domains that are evolutionarily related, by shared membership of the same superfamilies (TF-SFs), to those found in other nucleic acid binding and protein-binding functions (nTFs for non-TFs).

Natural phytochemicals reverting M2 to M1 macrophages: A novel alternative Leishmaniasis therapy.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania which remains a significant global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations. Transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly, its progression depends on the interplay between the host immune response and the parasite. The disease outcome is linked to macrophage polarisation into M1 and M2 phenotypes.

Biofouling dynamics and antifouling innovations: Transitioning from traditional biocides to nanotechnological interventions.

Biofouling is a common phenomenon caused by waterborne organisms such as bacteria, diatoms, mussels, barnacles, algae, etc., accumulating on the surfaces of engineering structures submerged under water. This leads to corrosion of such surfaces and decreases their moving efficiency.

Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from medicinal plants: An insight into molecular mechanism, in-silico studies and signaling pathways.

Background: Medicinal plants have historically been the cornerstone of treatment for a myriad of ailments. With modern pharmacology, many contemporary drugs have been derived from traditional medicine practices. Essential oils from these plants, known for their anti-inflammatory capabilities, have played a significant role in treating conditions such as cardiovascular and inflammatory skin diseases, as well as joint inflammation.

Interconnecting surgical science, art, philosophy and technology for holistic health.

Surgery is the branch of medicine which involves correction of the diseases by means of interventions and by means of various instruments and methods. Surgery in latin is called as Chirugi and in the Indian context it is termed as 'Shalyatantra'. Surgery is the science as well as the tantra or technology.

Does women empowerment impact child well-being? Evidence from India.

This study intends to examine how women's empowerment directly or indirectly impacts their children's well-being. Since prior research primarily focussed on the effects of maternal empowerment on specific domains of child well-being, such as healthcare or education, this study seeks to explore a more comprehensive understanding of child well-being, where child well-being is quantified using four domains, viz., physical well-being, psycho-social well-being, educational well-being and awareness of safety.

Mapping conformational landscape in protein folding: Benchmarking dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques on the Trp-Cage mini-protein.

Quantitative characterization of protein conformational landscapes is a computationally challenging task due to their high dimensionality and inherent complexity. In this study, we systematically benchmark several widely used dimensionality reduction and clustering methods to analyze the conformational states of the Trp-Cage mini-protein, a model system with well-documented folding dynamics. Dimensionality reduction techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Time-lagged Independent Component Analysis (TICA), and Variational Autoencoders (VAE), were employed to project the high-dimensional free energy landscape onto 2D spaces for visualization.

Potential therapeutics and vaccines: Current progress and challenges in developing antiviral treatments or vaccines for Oropouche virus.

Oropouche virus (OROV), an emerging arbovirus, poses a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, with no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies currently available. This review explores recent advancements in therapeutic strategies and vaccine development for OROV, focusing on molecular mechanisms of viral replication, identification of potential antiviral targets, and the role of immunotherapy in managing infections. Promising antiviral candidates, including ribavirin, mycophenolic acid, and interferon, have demonstrated efficacy in in vitro studies, offering a foundation for further investigation.

Efficacy of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and fungal elicitors on the curcuminoid production in Curcuma longa L.

This study investigates the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), biogenic silver nanoparticles derived from Rhizopus spp. (R.Ag NPs), and Rhizopus (R) elicitors on the yield and bioactive compounds of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using foliar spray and rhizome dipping techniques.

Enhancing waste classification accuracy with Channel and Spatial Attention-Based Multiblock Convolutional Network.

Municipal waste classification is significant for effective recycling and waste management processes that involve the classification of diverse municipal waste materials such as paper, glass, plastic, and organic matter using diverse techniques. Yet, this municipal waste classification process faces several challenges, such as high computational complexity, more time consumption, and high variability in the appearance of waste caused by variations in color, type, and degradation level, which makes an inaccurate waste classification process. To overcome these challenges, this research proposes a novel Channel and Spatial Attention-Based Multiblock Convolutional Network for accurately classifying municipal waste that utilizes a unique attention mechanism for enhancing feature learning and waste classification accuracy.

Advances in cyclotide research: bioactivity to cyclotide-based therapeutics.

Cyclotides are a class of plant-derived cyclic peptides having a distinctive structure with a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. They are stable molecules that naturally play a role in plant defense. Till date, more than 750 cyclotides have been reported among diverse plant taxa belonging to Cucurbitaceae, Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae.

Computational analysis of linear chain of holey nanographene and their molecular characterizations.

Holey nanographene, an allotrope of carbon arranged in two dimensions, has gained remarkable attention as a nanomaterial with several potential uses in numerous industries, such as electronics, energy storage, healthcare, and environmental cleanup, because of its high carrier mobility, flexibility, transparency, high surface area, conductivity, and chemical stability. The fundamental holey nanographene is assembled in a linear form to create the holey nanographene chain (HNC) that is being discussed. To fully utilize it in various applications, it is essential to comprehend the basic ideas guiding its behavior at the nanoscale; for that, we find various topological indices for this holey nanographene chain using the cut method.