Evaluating the economic viability of hepatitis E virus serological screening among blood donors: A prospective study from India for advancing blood safety.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) stands out as a significant transfusion-transmissible infection, yet it is not included in the screening protocols of many countries. The present study was conducted to assess the cost-benefit implications of incorporating HEV screening among blood donors which is one of the preventive strategies in reducing transfusion transmissible HEV.

Methodology: A decision tree model was prepared to assist the cost-benefit analysis.

Serological characteristics and immunohematological difficulties in autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients: A retrospective analytical study from South India.

Introduction: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition in which there is decreased survival of red blood cells (RBC) due to the destruction of RBC by autoantibodies. AIHA is classified into warm, cold, and mixed according to temperature sensitivity. The antibodies may be immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, or complement proteins, and hemolysis may be intravascular or extravascular.

Unraveling the complexity: Case reports of drug-induced hemolytic anemia due to ceftriaxone.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (DIHA) is a rare but significant condition characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) triggered by certain medications. Ceftriaxone, a commonly used antibiotic, has been linked to DIHA, presenting diagnostic challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations. This study examines three cases of DIHA caused by ceftriaxone therapy at our center.

Safety and Outcomes of an On-Demand Transfusion Strategy Versus Prophylactic Transfusion of Platelets in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Severe Thrombocytopenia Undergoing High-Risk Procedures: A Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: There are limited studies assessing whether prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to high-risk procedures reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods: We performed a analysis of two prior randomized clinical trials (CTRI/2017/12/010822 and CTRI/2021/05/033464), which compared thromboelastography-guided prophylactic platelet transfusion to standard-of-care (empirical prophylactic transfusion for all patients prior to the procedure) or on-demand transfusion (no prophylactic transfusions). We aimed to assess the risk of major procedure-related bleeding or mortality among patients who had received prophylactic platelet transfusions versus those who did not (on-demand transfusions).

Isolated Cardiac Echinococcosis of Interventricular Septum.

Cardiac cystic echinococcosis is a rare form of cystic hydatid disease. Hydatid cysts are multilocular and are picked up incidentally. We here describe a case of an isolated unilocular cardiac hydatid cyst of the interventricular septum with multimodality imaging, treatment approach, and operative findings.

Gender and Generation: Landownership and Older Indians' Autonomy.

While increased access to household assets has been shown to improve older individuals' autonomy and bargaining power at home, the role of gender hierarchy in shaping differential impacts of household assets has received far less attention. This article explores the gender asymmetry in the association of older people's (age 60 years or more) decision-making power at home and survival probability with their ownership of and managerial control over agricultural land in rural India. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, results find that in multi-generational households, landownership at the household level is associated with higher decision-making power and survival probability for older men but not for older women.

Renal Physiology Education via Podcast: Channel Your Enthusiasm.

Renal physiology is considered one of the most challenging medical disciplines to understand and to teach. Eight academic nephrologists have come together to produce a podcast devoted to helping learners at any level improve their understanding of this difficult topic. Using Dr Burton D.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) yielding medicinally relevant rings: a recent update and chemical space analysis of the scaffolds.

In this review we have compiled multicomponent reactions (MCRs) that produce cyclic structures. We have covered articles reported since 2019 to showcase the recent advances in this area. In contrast to other available reviews on this topic, we focus specifically on MCRs with strong prospects in medicinal chemistry.

Efficacy and safety of a proprietary extract in skin health - a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: The concept of beauty from within is a growing trend in the market and people now look for oral supplements that can enhance the well-being of skin from within. Within this principle, a proprietary pomegranate extract (Grantria), standardized to ellagic acid, punicic acid and punicalagin, was developed using ADOP (Advanced Oil-Powder) technology and was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in healthy adults.

Methods: This evaluation was carried out as a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study for 60 days at a daily dose of 300 mg.

Detection of genomic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 across gastric cancer patients using next generation sequencing.

Objectives: To explore the landscape of BRCA1/2 mutations in gastric cancer patients.

Methods: Next-generation sequencing (NGS), Sanger sequencing, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Immunohistochemistry, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gnomAD, and DAVID.

Results: With 95% of bases boasting a phred score surpassing 30 and a minimum coverage depth of 500X, our NGS approach ensures high-quality data acquisition.

A Literature Review on Oral Lumenoscopy: A Non-invasive Method for Diagnosing Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Dentistry still faces difficulties in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer, especially when it comes to early phase changes or disease detection, evaluation, and treatment. In essence, oral lumenography is the process of identifying oral lesions using a chemiluminescent light source and a toluidine blue labeling system. Since neoplastic epithelial cells have a changed nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, acetic acid dehydration brings out this nuclear density and gives the tissue an "acetowhite" look.

An Interventional Health Education Study to Transition the General Population's Opinion on Organ Donation From Reluctance to Acceptance.

Introduction: Organ donation refers to the collection of a human organ from a living or deceased donor and its transplantation into a recipient. An organ transplant recipient is a patient with organ failure who will not survive unless he receives a new organ. Although the benefits of organ transplantation are undeniable, there is a significant gap between the number of donors and recipients, as the demand for organs greatly surpasses the available supply.

Pathological Spectrum of Melanoma: A Nine-Year Retrospective Analysis of Tumor Characteristics Across Diverse Anatomic Sites.

Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from melanocytes, characterized by its potential to arise in various anatomic locations, both common and rare. The incidence of melanoma has been steadily increasing globally, with variations in clinical presentation, tumor behavior, and prognosis depending on the anatomical site involved. Understanding the diverse pathological spectrum of melanoma is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Evaluation of Cognitive and Synaptic Restoration in Diabetic Rats Treated With Emblica officinalis, Clitoria ternatea, Vitamin C, and Metformin.

Background: Diabetes is known to cause cognitive impairments and synaptic dysfunction. This study investigates the effects of (EO), (CT), Vitamin C, and metformin on cognitive function and synaptic density (SYN) in diabetic rats. This work aims to evaluate the impact of various treatments on spatial learning, memory, and SYN in a diabetic rat model.

Fever of Unknown Origin: A Rare Presentation of Parathyroid Carcinoma.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) can be a common manifestation of multiple disease processes like infections, hematological & solid organ malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and autoinflammatory diseases. Endocrine causes of FUO are rare but should be considered in differential diagnosis. We present a case of a 35-year-old female with prolonged on-and-off fever and intermittent vomiting for nine months, where extensive workups for chronic infections, malignancy, and autoimmune conditions initially yielded no definitive diagnosis.

Comparison of Lignocaine-Dexamethasone vs. Lignocaine-Triamcinolone for Preventing Post Spinal-Epidural Backache: A Randomized Study.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of lignocaine-dexamethasone and lignocaine-triamcinolone infiltration, along the spinal-epidural needle insertion pathway, to prevent backache after lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods: This prospective, double-blind randomized controlled study included a total of 150 patients, scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery under combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anaesthesia. The patients were randomised into three groups Group L (Lignocaine, n=50), Group DL (Dexamethasone, Lignocaine, n=50), and Group TL (Triamcinolone, Lignocaine, n=50).

Long-Term Survival of Dental Implants in a Patient With Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus: An Eight-Year Follow-Up Case Report.

Dental implants are now a standard solution for replacing missing teeth, even in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis. India is often referred to as the "diabetic capital of the world," a title that reflects the country's alarming rates of diabetes prevalence. However, the risk of complications, such as peri-implantitis and implant failure, remains a concern for these patients.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching-Learning Module in Improving Knowledge and Skills in Writing Injury Reports Among the Undergraduate Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Center in India.

Background The ability to write accurate and comprehensive injury reports is a crucial skill for medical professionals, particularly those working in emergency medicine and trauma care. A structured teaching-learning (TL) module can enhance the knowledge and skills of undergraduate medical students in this area. Aim The study aims to assess students' performance in cognitive, psychomotor, and communication domains of injury report writing before and after implementing the proposed structured TL module and compare the findings to evaluate the efficacy between the existing TL module and the proposed module.

Comparative Effects of Basil Seed Consumption and Endurance Exercise on Irisin, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), and Leptin Levels: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background and objective There is growing concern regarding metabolic and inflammatory disorders globally, underscoring the need for effective nonpharmacological interventions. Irisin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and leptin are biomarkers of metabolic and inflammatory health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the comparative effects of basil seed supplementation or endurance exercise on biomarkers of chronic oxidative stress.

A Rare Case of Perineurioma of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve: A Case Report.

The perineurioma (PN) is a benign neoplasm with perineural origin. It can be of two types, i.e.

Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis in Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Gall Bladder.

We report a rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the gall bladder (GB) causing portal vein tumor thrombus. A 40-year-old gentleman presented with acute-onset right upper abdominal pain. Ultrasonography revealed multiple calculi in the GB with wall thickening, suggesting acute cholecystitis.

Queuing Theoretic Analysis of Dynamic Attribute-Based Access Control Systems.

Access resolution in Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) is primarily through the enforcement of an ABAC policy. However, incremental user-specific authorizations are also often added to supplement the attribute-based accesses. As this auxiliary list of authorizations grows, enforcement becomes increasingly more inefficient, since both the ABAC policy and the specific authorizations are to be evaluated.

Hygrometry behavior during high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation: A narrative review of bench to clinical studies.

Recently, there has been growing interest in knowing the best hygrometry level during high-flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and its potential influence on the outcome. Various studies have shown that breathing cold and dry air results in excessive water loss by nasal mucosa, reduced mucociliary clearance, increased airway resistance, reduced epithelial cell function, increased inflammation, sloughing of tracheal epithelium, and submucosal inflammation. With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, using high-flow nasal oxygen with a heated humidifier has become an emerging form of non-invasive support among clinicians.

NF-B Inhibitory Activity of the Di-Hydroxy Derivative of Piperlongumine (PL-18).

Inflammation is a critical response of the immune system to infection or injury, serving to repair and restore tissue homeostasis. While acute inflammation generally protects against harmful stimuli, prolonged and chronic inflammation have detrimental effects and disrupts tissue homeostasis. Due to the complex and multifactorial etiology of chronic inflammation, effective treatment remains elusive.

Recovery of Complex Isolates Including Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant Strains From Cattle at a Slaughterhouse in Chennai, India.

Background: India has the highest global burden of human tuberculosis (TB) and the largest cattle herd with endemic bovine TB (bTB). However, the extent of cross-species transmission and the zoonotic spillover risk, including drug-resistant complex (MTBC) strains circulating in cattle, remain uncharacterized.

Methods: To address this major knowledge gap, we investigated tissue samples from 500 apparently healthy cattle at a slaughterhouse in Chennai, India.