TEMPO-Mediated Direct C(sp)-H Alkoxylation/Aryloxylation of 1,4-Quinones.

A convenient and efficient transition-metal-free method has been developed for the C(sp)-H alkoxylation/aryloxylation of 1,4-quinones by direct cross-dehydrogenative coupling with readily available alcohols and phenols in the presence of TEMPO under simple and mild conditions. The method allowed the installation of a wide range of alkoxy/aryloxy groups, exhibited high functional group tolerance, showed a broad substrate scope, afforded good to excellent yields of products in a simple one-pot operation, and could be performed on a gram scale. Mechanistic investigation indicated the involvement of the radical pathway.

Feruloylacetone and Its Analog Demethoxyferuloylacetone Mitigate Obesity-Related Muscle Atrophy and Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Obesity-induced muscle alterations, such as inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and myosteatosis, lead to a decline in muscle mass and function, often resulting in sarcopenic obesity. Currently, there are no definitive treatments for sarcopenic obesity beyond lifestyle changes and dietary supplementation. Feruloylacetone (FER), a thermal degradation product of curcumin, and its analog demethoxyferuloylacetone (DFER), derived from the thermal degradation of bisdemethoxycurcumin, have shown potential antiobesity effects in previous studies.

Mitochondrial Sorting and Assembly Machinery: Chaperoning a Moonlighting Role?

The mitochondrial outer membrane (OMM) β-barrel proteins link the mitochondrion with the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cellular membranes, establishing cellular homeostasis. Their active insertion and assembly in the outer mitochondrial membrane is achieved in an energy-independent yet highly effective manner by the Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) of the OMM. The core SAM constituent is the 16-stranded transmembrane β-barrel Sam50.

Electrochemical Reduction of CO to CHOH Catalyzed by an Iron Porphyrinoid.

Designing catalysts for the selective reduction of CO, resulting in products having commercial value, is an important area of contemporary research. Several molecular catalysts have been reported to facilitate the reduction of CO (both electrochemical and photochemical) to yield 2e/2H electron-reduced products, CO and HCOOH, and selective reduction of CO beyond 2e/2H is rare. This is partly because the factors that control the selectivity of CO reduction beyond 2e are not yet understood.

Empirical analysis on retinal segmentation using PSO-based thresholding in diabetic retinopathy grading.

Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with long-term diabetes and is a leading cause of blindness if it is not diagnosed early. The rapid growth of deep learning eases the clinicians' DR diagnosing procedure. It automatically extracts the features and performs the grading.

Outline of Therapeutic Potential of Different Plants Reported Against Psoriasis via In Vitro, Pre-Clinical or Clinical Studies.

Psoriasis is a noncontagious, autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown root cause. It is classified as a multifactorial and chronic skin disorder that also affects the immune system and is genetic. Environmental factors such as stress, infections, and injuries all play an important role in the disease's development.

Drug-Silica-Cellulose Ternary Matrix for the Oral Delivery of Cyclosporine A: and evaluation.

Purpose: Supersaturated formulations have been widely explored for improving the oral bioavailability of drugs by using mesoporous silica (MS) to generate supersaturation via molecular adsorption; however, this is followed by precipitation. Several precipitation inhibitors (PI) have been explored to prevent precipitation and maintain the drug in solution for a longer period. However, the combined approach of MS and PIs, the impact of MS and Silica, and the loading of high-molecular-weight neutral molecules such as Cyclosporine A (CsA) have not yet been explored.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Emergence of an Industrial Innovation Ecosystem: Renewable Energy in India.

Theories and studies of ecosystem emergence focus on macro level explanations such as government investments in research and development or those at the organizational level such as displacement of an older technological system by a new one through competition between technologies. However, mechanisms by which such shifts occur are underemphasized. This article draws on complexity theory to develop a theoretical framework to describe how emergence is generated through top down 'rules' that constrain the behavior of the system, directing it towards a desired outcome.

A Splice Site Variant in SENP7 Results in a Severe Form of Arthrogryposis.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with 1/3000 to 1/5000 live births. We report a consanguineous family with multiple affected members with AMC and identified a recessive mutation in the highly conserved splice donor site, resulting in the mis-splicing of the affected exons. SENP7 is a deSUMOylase that is critical for sarcomere assembly and skeletal muscle contraction by regulating the transcriptional program in the skeletal muscle.

Exploring glycemic variability and time in range: Emerging indicators of at-risk pregnancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study compares ambulatory glycemic profile and glycemic variability between pregnant women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving pharmacotherapy and healthy pregnant women without diabetes and assesses their correlation with fetal outcome.

Method: This was a case-control study involving 60 pregnant women (40 with T2DM and 20 healthy controls) in the third trimester of pregnancy. A flash glucose monitor device was applied over the upper arm to obtain the ambulatory glucose profile.

Use and knowledge of the two FIGO systems for nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: A multinational survey.

Objective: To evaluate the worldwide use of FIGO's two systems for the classification of causes and contributors to nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years by obstetrics and gynecology professionals worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps, and explore barriers to implementation.

Methods: An electronic survey was developed by members of FIGO's Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts (MDRHI) Committee to assess knowledge of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and the two FIGO AUB systems among obstetricians and gynecologists. The survey was conducted online from February 28 to June 30, 2023, and comprised demographic questions, educational content inquiries, and a knowledge assessment.

Synopsis of European Society of Pediatric astroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Guidelines (2024) on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2024 guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis in children provide a systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of this rising disease entity in children. We present a concise update of the guideline to simplify management protocols, thus improving patient outcome.

Professional Identity Formation in Indian Undergraduate Medical Students.

Medical training in India is experiencing a paradigm shift. The competency-based medical education (CBME) for undergraduate medical training was adopted from the admission session 2019. The Indian Medical Graduate (IMG) was identified under CBME, by explicitly documenting its roles viz.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) in Acute Viral Myocarditis in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Acute myocarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in infants and children. While immunosuppressive agents have shown limited effectiveness, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) holds promise as a treatment option.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating acute viral myocarditis in children.

Feed Intolerance With Short Term Use of Commercial Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Versus Preterm Formula in Addition to Mother's Milk: A Retrospective Analytical Study.

This retrospective study compared the rate of feed intolerance in preterm neonates delivered at £ 30 weeks gestation who received pasteurised donor human milk (n = 83) versus preterm formula (n = 41) to meet the deficits in available volumes of mother's own milk in the first 2 weeks of life. Feed intolerance was not higher in neonates who received preterm formula than those who received pasteurized donor human milk (24.4% vs 20%; OR (95% CI) 0.

Serosurvey For Measles, Mumps and Rubella in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. The primary objective of the study was to estimate IgG antibody titers against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in children with CKD and healthy controls who were previously immunized with measles/ MMR vaccine.

Methods: This case control study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020.

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics and Comorbidities in Asthma Endotypes in Children.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic (NEA) endotypes in pediatric asthma, and to compare the clinical, and laboratory characterisitics, and different comorbidities between the two endotypes in the children.

Methods: Children aged 5 to 14 years of age with clinical and/or laboratory-confirmed asthma attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between October 1, 2023 and March 31, 2024, were included in this cross-sectional study. Complete hemogram, absolute eosinophil count (AEC), IgE, and pulmonary function tests were performed in all patients.

Association of Specific Dietary Fatty Acids with Asthma in Urban School Children and Adolescents: Inferences from a Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study From India.

Objective: To assess the association of dietary fatty acids with asthma in Indian school children.

Methods: Children aged 6-16 years were enrolled from randomly selected urban schools in 10 cities. The International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III Questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of asthma.

Re-evaluating Presumptive Treatment with Doxycycline/ Azithromycin in Children With Acute Febrile Illness in a Scrub Typhus Endemic Region: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of children with acute febrile illness (AFI) attending the peripheral health facilities in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, due to Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ots) and re-evaluate the strategy of presumptive administration of doxycycline/azithromycin (PDA) to patients with AFI.

Methods: Children aged 2-18 years with AFI attending 16 peripheral health facilities in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, were enrolled in September 2023. Blood samples were tested for O.