Nanocellulose-doped superabsorbent polymer for improved absorption properties in sanitary pad applications.

An important disposable hygienic absorbent is the female sanitary napkin wherein superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are incorporated into it to increase the absorption capacity. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that SAPs have negative consequences on the environment and the user's health. The present study explores doping nanocellulose, into an acrylic acid-based SAP matrix to enhance absorption performance, leveraging nanocellulose's high surface area and hydrophilicity.

Distinct neuronal vulnerability and metabolic dysfunctions are characteristic features of fast-progressing Alzheimer's patients with Lewy bodies.

Tau protein accumulation is linked to dementia progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with potential co-pathologies contributing to it. The progression of dementia in AD patients varies between individuals, and the association between co-pathology and heterogeneity in dementia progression rate remains unclear. We used longitudinal cohort data, postmortem brain tissues, and biochemical methods such as immunoassays and proteomic profiling to investigate the molecular components associated with progression rate.

Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium Colonizes Gallbladder and Contributes to Gallbladder Carcinogenesis through Activation of Host Epigenetic Modulator KDM6B.

Gallbladder stones alone do not explain the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) as the sole etiological factor. Chronic microbial infection, particularly Salmonella, has been implicated in GB carcinogenesis, but its causative role and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We studied gut and gallbladder tissue microbiome through targeted metagenomics to identify pathogenic bacteria in GBC.

Exosomal Dynamics: Bridging the Gap Between Cellular Senescence and Cancer Therapy.

Cancer remains one of the most devastating diseases, severely affecting public health and contributing to economic instability. Researchers worldwide are dedicated to developing effective therapeutics to target cancer cells. One promising strategy involves inducing cellular senescence, a complex state in which cells exit the cell cycle.

Analyzing the role of genetic variants in microRNAs and its role as a modulator towards Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility in North Indian population.

Background: miRNAs can target numerous genes, with slight expression changes potentially leading to significant alterations in protein-coding gene expression, affecting various biological processes and possibly worsening conditions like COPD.

Objectives: This study examines the link between six miRNA SNPs (MIR605, MIR608, MIR3117, MIR149, MIR499, and MIR25) and COPD risk in a North Indian population and the functional impact of these miRNA-SNPs on COPD-related pathological factors.

Materials And Methods: To assess genotypes, a case-control study was conducted with 323 COPD cases and 350 hospital controls.

Regulatory Frameworks and Filing Discrepancies in Generic Drug Approvals: A Cross-Regional Study with Analysis of FDA ANDA Deficiencies.

Objectives: This research aims to analyse the regulatory frameworks for generic drug applications in the US, EU, India, Japan, and China comparing their filing requirements to identify gaps and areas for harmonization. Additionally, it focuses on examining common deficiencies in ANDA from FDA submissions in 2014-2023 to address issues, facilitating more efficient approvals and minimizing delays.

Material And Methods: The research involved analysing regulatory documents available on official websites, including the FDA, EMA, CDSCO, PMDA, and NMPA to achieve first objective.

Recent developments of benzimidazole based analogs as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors: A critical review.

Microtubules, as dynamic regulators in many cellular processes, remain pivotal targets in cancer chemotherapy. Among the structural motifs explored, the benzimidazole scaffold has emerged as a privileged heterocyclic ring system in the development of potent therapeutic agents, owing to its versatility and pharmacological relevance. This review critically examines the synthesis, anticancer activity, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and tubulin polymerization inhibitory properties of diverse benzimidazole derivatives.

Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of a Newly Developed Obturating Material for Pulpectomy in Primary Teeth Using Embryonic Toxicology, Brine Shrimp Lethality, and MTT Assay: An In Vitro Study.

Objective:  The search for an ideal obturating material has taken precedence due to the revolution of the materials used in pediatric endodontics. With zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, and metronidazole as its core constituents, an unique obturating material was developed. To aid in the healing process, the material should be biocompatible and most importantly it should not have any negative consequences.

In vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Biocompatibility, and Osteogenic Effect of Two Calcium Silicate Sealers Compared with AH Plus Jet.

Objective:  The purpose of the study was to investigate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic effect of EndoSequence BCSealer HiFlow (BCH) and Bio-C Sealer (BCS) in osteosarcoma cells SAOS-2 compared with AH Plus Jet.

Materials And Methods:  For cytotoxicity analysis, the [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-MTT; Sigma/Aldrich] method was used after 24, 48, and 72 hours. For cellular bioactivity, alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) was evaluated after 7 and 14 days.

Unraveling the mystery of citrate transporters in Alzheimer's disease: An updated review.

A key molecule in cellular metabolism, citrate is essential for lipid biosynthesis, energy production, and epigenetic control. The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative illness marked by memory loss and cognitive decline, may be linked to dysregulated citrate transport, according to recent research. Citrate transporters, which help citrate flow both inside and outside of cells, are becoming more and more recognized as possible participants in the molecular processes underlying AD.

The Multifaceted Role of CS1 (SLAMF7) in Immunoregulation: Implications for Cancer Therapy and Autoimmune Disorders.

CS1 (SLAMF7), a pivotal immune receptor, plays a dual role in modulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases and cancer. In autoimmunity, aberrant CS1 signaling contributes to the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, driving pathologies such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conversely, in oncology, CS1 serves as a promising immunotherapeutic target, exemplified by the efficacy of the monoclonal antibody Elotuzumab in multiple myeloma.

Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: Rouge of brain kinases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the chief cause of dementia and related mortality worldwide due to progressive accumulation of amyloid peptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. These neuropathological changes lead to cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction. Notably, most Food drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-AD medications such as tacrine and donepezil are engaged with symptomatic relief of cognitive impairment but do not reverse the underlying AD neuropathology.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota for preventing and treating aging-related neurological disorders.

Billions of microorganisms inhabit the human gut and maintain overall health. Recent research has revealed the intricate interaction between the brain and gut microbiota through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) and its effect on neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Alterations in the gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, are linked to the development and progression of several NDDs.

Microbial diversity, enzyme activity, metal contamination, and their responses to environmental drivers in an Indo-Burmese freshwater wetland.

Seasonal fluctuations can influence many biotic and abiotic parameters in wetland environments. Present research on wetlands do not serve as a comprehensive model for understanding these seasonal influences, especially in Northeast India, where wetland ecosystems remain understudied. That being, our study investigated the seasonal, spatial, depth-wise variations of enzyme activity (xylanase, invertase, and cellulase), microbial community, and heavy metal concentrations [chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe)] in the sediments of Deepor Beel.

Gut Microbial Control of Neurotransmitters and Their Relation to Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

The study explores the vital role of gut microbiota in regulating neurotransmitters and its subsequent effects on brain function and mental health. It aims to unravel the mechanisms by which microbial metabolites influence neurotransmitter synthesis and signaling. The ultimate goal is to identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota for the management and treatment of neurological disorders, such as depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, and Parkinson's disease.

Distinct features of a peripheral T helper subset that drives the B cell response in dengue virus infection.

Dengue-virus-induced humoral immunity can increase the risk of severe disease, but the factors influencing this response are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the contribution of CD4 T cells to B cell responses in human dengue infection. We identify a dominant peripheral PD-1 T cell subset that accumulates in severe patients and could induce B cell differentiation via interleukin-21 (IL-21)-related pathway.

Emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, preventative and treatment measures.

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation was on an end, a new monkeypox menace has been discovered in several places of the world. The most comforting thing is that the fatality rate of monkeypox is unlike Covid-19. But the recent global outbreaks and the rise in the number of cases has drawn attention of world towards it.

Impact of one week of Ayurveda-based therapy, lifestyle and diet modification in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: A retrospective study.

Background: Management of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is quite challenging, and its prognosis remains poor. Thus, alternative and conventional treatment approaches with lifestyle modifications are needed to enhance the quality of life. One such approach is heart failure reversal treatment (HFRT) that includes Snehana (massage), Swedana (fomentation therapy), Basti (per rectal drug administration), and Hridaydhara.

"Unveiling the impacts of climatic cold events on the cardiovascular health in animal models".

Climate change is increasingly driving extreme weather events, leading to drastic temperature fluctuations worldwide. While overall temperatures rise, many regions are simultaneously experiencing severe cold spells that threaten the health of human populations, especially to vulnerable populations including the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. Exposure to cold stress triggers significant physiological and biochemical disruptions.

Contrasting tropical precipitation and ecosystem response to Indian Ocean Dipole in a warming climate.

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) significantly influences tropical precipitation patterns, with its positive phase triggering severe floods and droughts in Indian Ocean rim countries. These climate extremes are projected to intensify under global warming. However, how the IOD will modulate the tropical precipitation and ecosystem response under warming climate remains unknown.

Study of feed intake rate as a physiological biomarker in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) under Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin exposure.

Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are the two most extensively applied insecticides in agricultural areas across the world and are found to contaminate adjacent water bodies, posing risks to non-target aquatic organisms, including fish. Aquaculture is primarily concerned with the feeding and growth of fish. This study evaluated the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on the physiological biomarker 'feed intake rate' of Oreochromis niloticus through 96 h static renewal bioassays.

IAEA activities to support the member states in the production of targeted alpha therapy radiopharmaceuticals.

Due to the growing interest of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Member States in implementing targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in general, the demand for alpha-emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals is enormous. As an international platform for peaceful applications of radionuclides, the IAEA has been implementing several activities focusing on the production and quality control of alpha emitters and radiopharmaceuticals as well as capacity building in the field, through Technical Meetings, Workshops, Publications and Conference Supports, IAEA-Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) and Technical Cooperation Program (TC). This review article summarises the IAEA activities on the production and quality control of alpha emitter radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) and a roadmap to future steps including but not limited to the ongoing CRP on Ac-radiopharmaceuticals.

Seed priming with NaCl boosted the glutathione-ascorbate pool to facilitate photosystem-II function and maintain starch in NaCl-primed chickpea under salt stress.

Seed priming with NaCl improved the tissue tolerance nature in moderately salt-tolerant cultivar Anuradha under salt stress. Is an improved tissue tolerance in primed chickpea seedlings supplemented with a boosted antioxidant response? To investigate, a seed priming experiment with sub-lethal salt concentration (50 mM NaCl) was performed with chickpea cv. Anuradha.

Plastidial metabolites and retrograde signaling: A case study of MEP pathway intermediate MEcPP that orchestrates plant growth and stress responses.

Plants are frequently exposed to environmental stresses. In a plant cell, chloroplast acts as machinery that rapidly senses changing environmental conditions and coordinates with the nucleus and other subcellular organelles by exchanging plastidial metabolites, proteins/peptides, or lipid derivatives, some of which may act as retrograde signals. These specific plastidial metabolites include carotenoid derivatives, isoprenes, phosphoadenosines, tetrapyrroles, phytohormone (like salicylic acid), and reactive electrophile species (RES), which mediate retrograde communications to sustain stress conditions.