Comparative Evaluation of Different Pain-alleviating Methods on Child's Dental Anxiety and Pain Perception during Local Anesthesia Administration: A Clinical Study.

Background: When it comes to reducing children's fear, anxiety, and discomfort during dental procedures, substantial local anesthetic delivery promotes adequate intervention. In the dental operatory, local anesthetic injections are the most anticipated or feared stimuli. The application of topical anesthetics, cryotherapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to the oral mucosa prior to local anesthetic injections can alter pain perception in children.

Enhancing Wear Resistance in Glass Ionomer Cement through Green-mediated Chitosan-, Titanium-, Zirconium-, and Hydroxyapatite-based Nanocomposites: An Analysis before and after Chewing Simulator Endurance.

Aim And Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) serves as a widely used restorative dental material, known for its direct bonding to tooth structures and fluoride-releasing properties. This study aims to investigate the enhancement of GIC through the incorporation of a green-mediated nanocomposite comprising chitosan, titanium, zirconium, and hydroxyapatite, with a focus on evaluating the wear resistance of the modified GIC.

Materials And Methods: A one-pot synthesis technique was utilized to prepare a green-mediated nanocomposite incorporating chitosan, titanium, zirconium, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.

Orofacial Cleft and Its Association with Consanguineous Marriage and Other Risk Factors: A Case-control Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Province.

Background: Orofacial cleft is among the most common craniofacial malformations. It presents a complex and multifactorial etiology that involves genetic and environmental factors. One of the etiological factors is consanguinity (marriage between blood relatives).

Comparative Evaluation of Obturation Quality Using Three Different Obturation Techniques in Primary Teeth: A Conebeam Computed Tomography Analysis: Study.

Context: Pulpectomy is recommended for primary teeth when both the coronal and radicular pulp tissues are irreversibly damaged. Biomechanical preparation of root canals is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Achieving the optimal length during obturation while minimizing voids and ensuring a hermetic seal is crucial for the success of pulpectomy procedures.

Oral Myiasis in a 6-year-old Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report.

Aims And Background: Myiasis is an infestation of live humans or animals with dipterous larvae that feed on the host's live or dead tissue. The incidence of oral myiasis is rare and even less common in children. Poor oral hygiene, neurological disabilities, bedridden or locomotor disabilities, low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, etc.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Cavities Restored with Newer Bioactive Restorative Materials: Activa Bioactive Restorative and Activa Pronto.

Aim: To compare the microleakage in class V cavities restored with Activa Bioactive Restorative, Activa Pronto, and nanohybrid composite.

Materials And Methods: Standardized class V cavity preparations (mesiodistal: 3 mm; occlusocervical: 2 mm; axial depth: 1 mm) were made on the buccal surface of 60 extracted intact maxillary premolar teeth. The preparations were divided into three experimental groups ( = 20) depending on the restorative material used.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Zinc Oxide Eugenol and Endoflas as Obturating Materials Using Different Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth: An Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage of zinc oxide (ZOE) eugenol and Endoflas as obturating materials using different root canal irrigants in primary teeth.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 extracted primary anterior teeth were divided randomly into four groups with different irrigants and obturating materials used. Group I [ZOE + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)], group II [ZOE + NaOCI + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)], group III (Endoflas FS + NaOCI), group IV (Endoflas FS + NaOCI + EDTA).

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Anesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine with 24-Gauge Needle in Buccal Nerve Block Compared to 2% Lignocaine with 20-Gauge Needle in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children with Dentoalveolar Abscess.

Aims And Background: Local anesthetics play a crucial role in pain management in pediatric dentistry, where anxiety and fear are common among young patients. This study aimed to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lignocaine with a 20-gauge needle in an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and 4% articaine with a 24-gauge needle in a buccal nerve block (BNB) during the extraction of dentoalveolar abscesses in children aged 5-11 years.

Materials And Methods: A 12-month randomized controlled trial involving 100 healthy children was conducted following ethical standards.

The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.

Understanding the development and maintenance of immunological memory is important for efforts to eliminate parasitic diseases like leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis encompasses a range of pathologies, resulting from infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the subgenera and of the genus A striking feature of these infections is that natural or drug-mediated cure of infection generally confers life-long protection against disease. The generation of protective T cell responses are necessary to control infections.

Early intervention in psychosis programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America; challenges and recommendations.

Background: While early intervention in psychosis (EIP) programs have been increasingly implemented across the globe, many initiatives from Africa, Asia and Latin America are not widely known. The aims of the current review are (a) to describe population-based and small-scale, single-site EIP programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America, (b) to examine the variability between programs located in low-and-middle income (LMIC) and high-income countries in similar regions and (c) to outline some of the challenges and provide recommendations to overcome existing obstacles.

Methods: EIP programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America were identified through experts from the different target regions.

Artificial intelligence as a proficient tool in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in massive population screening programs: a case study in Chennai, India.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Genki, a computer-aided detection (CADe) software, in detecting tuberculosis (TB) using chest radiography in a mobile TB screening program in Chennai, India.

Materials And Methods: Genki, an AI-based CADe software, was employed in four mobile diagnostic units in remote areas of Chennai, India for screening TB. Patients from remote areas of Chennai who visited the vans and registered in the screening program underwent chest radiography, and the acquired X-ray scans were analyzed using Genki, which provided an assessment of each scan as either "TB suggestive" or "TB not suggestive".

Teratogenicity, cardiac toxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae exposed to 4-bromodiphenyl ether.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been classified as a new class of persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Environment Programs in 2009. In environment, PBDEs can undergo the degradation process to form less brominated diphenyl ethers. In the present study, the 96 h LC value for 4-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) was found to be 3.

Redo Minimally Invasive Right Atrial Mass Removal After Surgical Atrial Septal Defect Closure.

Atrial septal defects are among the most prevalent congenital anomalies necessitating surgical intervention. Thrombus formation is a recognized complication that is typically characterized by an embolic event following patch-based repair. However, thromboembolic complications following primary repair of atrial septal defects are exceedingly uncommon.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Hemodialysis in an Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been observed that acute kidney injury (AKI) especially requiring intervention support of hemodialysis has notably increased mortality rates among COVID-19-positive critically ill patients; however, comprehensive data regarding this from India, especially the eastern territory, remains sparse. This study aims to outline the demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics, along with the outcomes, of these patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021.

Prevalence of Microbiologically Confirmed Female Genital Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microbiologically confirmed female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) infection in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 623 endometrial biopsy samples were processed in the mycobacteriology laboratory from the outpatient and inpatient gynecology departments between May 2022 and February 2024. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear was performed on all samples.

Sensitivity Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Genres: Slotted and Through-hole Microstrip Patch Antenna.

This paper demonstrates real-time, label-free, contact-based glucose sensor design of inset-fed Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSPA) genres: Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna (SMSPA) and Through-hole Microstrip Patch Antenna (THMSPA). In SMSPA, multiple slots are created along the width edge of the patch. In THMSPA, a through-hole is introduced across the antenna including all the layers: patch, substrate and ground conductor of the MSPA.

Innovative breast cancer detection using a segmentation-guided ensemble classification framework.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health issue, necessitating innovative methodologies to improve early detection and diagnosis. Despite the existence of intelligent deep learning models, their efficacy is often limited due to the oversight of small-sized masses, leading to false positive and false negative outcomes. This research introduces a novel segmentation-guided classification model developed to increase BC detection accuracy.

Formulation Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded With an Antiviral Drug Tenofovir Using Box-Behnken Design for Boosting Oral Bioavailability.

The current study aimed to improve the oral bioavailability of tenofovir (TNF), an antihuman immunodeficiency viral (HIV) drug, by integrating it into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), an emerging lipid formulation. The suggested SLNs were generated utilizing the microemulsion process, using Compritol 888 ATO. A Box-Behnken experimental design was attempted to analyze the impact of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as lipid and surfactant content and homogenization duration on response metrics such as particle size (PS) and percentage entrapment.

Recent advances in metal-catalysed oxidation reactions.

Oxidation reactions are vital tools in synthetic organic chemistry. Oxidation of organic species such as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and ketones provides synthetically valuable organic compounds, especially synthetic intermediates for several biologically active compounds. Some of these synthetic intermediates have shown their synthetic utility in the total synthesis of natural products.

Unexpected stability of the iron(II) complex by an asymmetrical Schiff base from Fe(III): structure, magnetic and Mössbauer investigations.

The asymmetric Schiff base prepared from ethylenediamine and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde reacts with Fe(ClO)·6HO to form the Fe(II) complex [FeL](ClO) with L = ,-diethyl-'-(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)ethane-1,2-diamine, where the Fe(III) starting material has been unexpectedly reduced to Fe(II). This complex was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction measurements, variable temperature DC magnetic measurement and room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. The asymmetric ligand L coordinates in a tridentate fashion through its pyridyl, azomethine and amino nitrogen atoms, generating a distorted octahedral geometry around the central metal ion.

Long Head of Biceps Tenodesis for Maintaining Inherent Length and Uniform Tension at the Bicipital Groove: Suprapectoral Double-Row Technique With All-Suture Anchors.

The clinicopathologic conditions of the long head of the biceps tendon vary, encompassing tendinitis, peritendinous inflammation, hypertrophy, and partial or complete tears. These symptoms are typically linked with SLAP tears and instability of the long head of the biceps tendon, often resulting in partial displacement or complete dislocation. The choice between tenotomy and tenodesis depends on varied factors.

Arthroscopic Repair of the Triceps Tendon Avulsion-Double-Row Repair.

Avulsion of the triceps tendon is a rare injury accounting for less than 1% of all tendon injuries. The triceps is an extensor of the elbow and causes compromised function if left untreated. Complete ruptures should be treated with early repairs for satisfactory outcomes.

Synthesis, structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and molecular docking studies of the cocrystal between the Cu(II) complex of salicylic acid and uncoordinated piracetam.

The cocrystal (or supramolecular complex) between the Cu(II) complex of salicylic acid and uncoordinated piracetam has been synthesized. Its structure is characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic methods confirm the formation of the metal complex, while X-ray crystallography establishes the molecular and crystal structure of the obtained compound.