Cystic Echinococcus of the Liver.

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage) of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm, which is transmitted by dogs and found on every continent except Antarctica. We sought to review the life cycle, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of Echinococcus granulosus of the liver.

Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science accessed between 1990 and 2024.

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction: Transcatheter Correction In Tetralogy Of Fallot: A Pilot Study.

This study evaluated transcatheter approach for relieving right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction using combined non-compliant balloon dilatation of the RVOT and conal artery occlusion in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), both uncorrected and post-intra-cardiac repair (ICR) restenosis. A prospective study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023, including 40 symptomatic patients aged over 12 years with RVOT obstruction in TOF. Exclusion criteria included moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation.

Functional analysis of quorum sensing-mediated pathogenicity in Burkholderia contaminans SK875 using transposon mutagenesis.

Burkholderia contaminans SK875, a member of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), are known to cause lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. To gain deeper insights into its quorum sensing (QS)-mediated pathogenicity, we employed a transposon (Tn) insertion-based random mutagenesis approach. A Tn mutant library comprising of 15,000 transconjugants was generated through conjugation between wild-type (WT) recipient B.

Effects of in vitro cytochalasin D and hypoxia on mitochondrial energetics and biogenesis, cell signal status and actin/tubulin/Hsp/MMP entity in air-breathing fish heart.

The cardiac actin cytoskeleton has a dynamic pattern of polymerisation. It is uncertain how far actin destabilisation impacts mitochondrial energetics and biogenesis, cell signal status, and structural entities in cardiomyocytes, particularly in hypoxic conditions. We thus tested the in vitro action of cytochalasin D (Cyt D), an inhibitor of actin polymerisation, in hypoxic ventricular explants to elucidate the role of the actin in mitochondrial energetics and biogenesis, cell signals and actin/tubulin/hsps/MMPs dynamics in hypoxic air-breathing fish hearts.

Ecologically sustainable biodegradable polymers fabricated from banana peel pectin reinforced with silver zeolite nanoparticles (Ag/zeolite NPs).

In the present investigation, the formulation and thorough assessment of biodegradable composite films were conducted, utilizing pectin extracted from banana peel in conjunction with synthesized silver zeolite nanoparticles. The evaluation of physical properties, microstructural investigation, mechanical characteristics, and barrier properties was done providing valuable insights into various attributes of the film. The amalgamation of silver zeolite nanoparticles with the extracted pectin from banana peel results in biodegradable composite films exhibiting distinct physical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties.

Intratumoral delivery of Mitomycin C using bio-responsive Gellan Gum Nanogel: In-vitro evaluation and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy.

Intratumoral drug delivery systems hold immense promise in overcoming the limitations of conventional IV chemotherapy, particularly in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic side effects. In this study, we introduce a novel redox-responsive intratumoral nanogel system that combines the biocompatibility of natural polysaccharides with the tailored properties of synthetic polymers. The nanogel features a unique cross-linked architecture incorporating redox-sensitive segments, designed to leverage the elevated glutathione levels in the tumor microenvironment for controlled drug release.

Fabrication and characterization of teriflunomide-loaded chondroitin sulfate hybridized zein nanoparticles for the management of triple negative breast cancer.

The objective of this work was to explore the Teriflunomide (TFM) -loaded chondroitin sulfate hybridized zein nanoparticles (TZCNPs) for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The particle size, PDI and %EE of optimized TZCNPs was found 208.7 ± 7.

The curious case of mitochondrial sirtuin in rewiring breast cancer metabolism: Mr Hyde or Dr Jekyll?

Mammalian sirtuins are class III histone deacetylases involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes including senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, proliferation, caloric restriction, and metabolism. Among the mammalian sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are localized in the mitochondria and collectively termed the mitochondrial sirtuins. Mitochondrial sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that play a central role in cellular metabolism and function as epigenetic regulators by performing post-translational modification of cellular proteins.

Unraveling the dual role of bilirubin in neurological Diseases: A Comprehensive exploration of its neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects.

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons, causing substantial deficits in motor and cognitive functioning. Bilirubin is a yellow by-product of heme, existing in two primary isoforms namely unconjugated and conjugated, while initially produced unconjugated isomer is lipophilic and cytotoxic in nature. At physiological levels, bilirubin has an important role in brain function by acting as a powerful antioxidant, preventing brain tissues from oxidative damage by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Quality management, ethical considerations, and emerging challenges in genomics and biobanking: A comprehensive review.

The integration of genomics into personalized medicine has the potential to transform healthcare by customizing treatments according to individual genetic profiles. This paper examines the diverse applications of genomics, including the identification of disease susceptibility, improvement of diagnostic methods, optimization of drug therapies, and monitoring of treatment responses. It also explores the expanding global market for genetic testing and the increasing implementation of whole-genome sequencing in clinical practice, with a focus on pilot programs that are advancing comprehensive genomic analysis.

Lung cancer screening program quality indicators - review & recommendations - An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Delphi process study.

Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose-computed tomography reduces lung cancer mortality in high-risk individuals. Evaluating and monitoring LCS programs are important to ensure and improve quality, efficiency and participant outcomes. There is no agreement on LCS quality indicators (QIs).

Regulation of NLRP3/TRIM family signaling in gut inflammation and colorectal cancer.

CRC (Colorectal cancer) ranks among the most prevalent tumors in humans and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Numerous studies have highlighted the connection between inflammasome over-activation and the initiation and progression of CRC. The activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is dependent on the nuclear NF-kβ (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway, leading to the maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß (Interleukin 1 beta) and IL-18 (Interleukin 18).

Exploring daidzein dimethyl ether from Albizzia lebbeck as a novel quorum sensing inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Insights from in vitro and in vivo studies.

Infections of multidrug-resistant pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cause a high risk of mortality in immunocompromised patients and underscore the need for novel natural antibacterial drugs. In this study, common phytochemicals prevalent in fruits and vegetables have been demonstrated for their ability to inhibit quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (PA). Ten compounds were screened virtually by molecular docking, among which, daidzein dimethyl ether originally from Albizzia lebbeck showed the most significant inhibitory effect on the formation of biofilm and the accumulation of virulence factors, including elastase, pyocyanin and rhamnolipid in PA.

Targeting Wnt signaling pathway with small-molecule therapeutics for treating osteoporosis.

Small molecules are emerging as potential candidates for treating osteoporosis by activating canonical Wnt signaling. These candidates work either by inhibiting DKK-1, sclerostin, SFRP-1, NOTUM, and S1P lyase or by preventing β-catenin degradation through inhibition of GSK-3β, or by targeting Dvl-CXXC5 and axin/β-catenin interactions. While many of these anti-osteoporotic small molecules are in preclinical development, the paucity of FDA-approved small molecules, or promising candidates, that have progressed to clinical trials for treating bone disorders through this mechanism poses a challenge.

Metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to identify potential bioactive compounds from Trichoderma sp. against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to profile metabolites from five Trichoderma strains and assess their cytotoxic and pharmacological activities, particularly targeting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of 25 compounds, including heptelidic acid, viridiol isomers, and sorbicillinol from the different Trichoderma extracts. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed moderate permeability and low interaction with P-glycoprotein, suggesting good drug absorption with minimal interference in cellular uptake.

Enhancing cardiovascular disease classification in ECG spectrograms by using multi-branch CNN.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by the abnormal functioning of the heart which results in a high mortality rate across the globe. The accurate and early prediction of various CVDs from the electrocardiogram (ECG) is vital for the prevention of deaths caused by CVD. Artificial intelligence (AI) is used to categorize and accurately predict various CVDs.

Intraoperative electrophysiological balloon test occlusion (BTO): A novel Solution to an inconclusive conventional BTO.

Parent Artery Occlusion (PAO) is a valid treatment choice in giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms of the cavernous segment when the preoperative balloon test occlusion (BTO) demonstrates an adequate cross circulation from the contralateral side. A high flow arterial bypass is, however, mandatory if the result suggests otherwise or is indeterminate. We present here a case of a 72-year lady where the BTO results were inconclusive.

Adjunct Ayurvedic treatment providing more than 10 years of disease-free survival in a rare case of male breast cancer patient with high-grade invasive ductal cell carcinoma - A Case Report.

Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon malignancy. In spite of conventional Allopathic treatment, long-term disease-free survival (DFS) of more than 10 years in MBC is rare, due to its aggressive nature.

Case Presentation: We report a case of 56 years old, stage IIB and grade III invasive ductal cell carcinoma MBC (Lt) patient, operated for left modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance followed by six cycles of chemotherapy during October 2010-January 2011.

Exploring Bangladeshi English as a foreign language learners' mindfulness and engagement in the online learning context.

This empirical study investigates the relationship between mindfulness and online engagement among Bangladeshi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners during the Covid-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS) and the Online Student Engagement Scale (OSES) with qualitative data from open-ended responses. A total of 215 university students participated in the study, providing insights into their mindfulness levels and engagement in online learning.

Pilot evaluation of LR EXT sets of the Reveos automated blood processing system.

Introduction: The Reveos automated blood processing system is the only system developed till date, which can separate whole blood into components on complete automation. Their proprietary LR and NLR blood collection sets have their own advantages and disadvantages. Using LR sets, leukodepleted components can be prepared but individual platelet units cannot be prepared.

Assessing consistency in drought risks in India with multiple multivariate meteorological drought indices (MMDI) under climate change.

This study investigates the spatio-temporal consistency of different MMDI formulations and their role in meteorological drought characterization uncertainty under historic and future climates using ERA5 reanalysis, and outputs from eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, respectively, across different climate zones and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) in the Indian subcontinent. Six MMDI formulations namely the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), and self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), Standardized Palmer Drought Index (SPDI), Standardized Moisture Anomaly Index (SZI) and Supply Demand Drought Index (SDDI) are used. A suite of analysis including agreement mapping, category difference analysis and uncertainty contribution analysis using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) are employed to quantify the consistency of MMDIs and uncertainty in drought characterization due to the MMDI formulation.