Clinical Reasoning: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Challenges in a 16-Year-Old With Early-Onset Ataxia.

A 16-year-old adolescent girl presented with progressive walking imbalance, uncoordination of her limbs, impaired proprioceptive sensation distal to her wrists and ankles, and sensorineural hearing loss. Her evaluation revealed diffuse cerebellar atrophy, a demyelinating neuropathy, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. In this article, we present a systematic approach to a patient with early-onset ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and demyelinating neuropathy.

Socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among Indian tribal population: Evidence from national family health survey 5.

Background: All Indian ethnic groups are experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of hypertension. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among the tribal population of India.

Methods: We used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5 data conducted in 2019-2021.

Gene expression and hormonal signaling in osteoporosis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical breakthroughs.

Osteoporosis is well noted to be a universal ailment that realization impaired bone mass and micro architectural deterioration thus enhancing the probability of fracture. Despite its high incidence, its management remains highly demanding because of the multifactorial pathophysiology of the disease. This review highlights recent findings in the management of osteoporosis particularly, gene expression and hormonal control.

Evaluation of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis, Omentin, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Subjects with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Periodontal disease worsens glycemic control due to the bidirectional link between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), involving inflammatory markers such as soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and omentin-1. However, their combined role in T2DM with periodontitis has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of these biomarkers in periodontitis patients with T2DM before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters: a new insight into characterization of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Background And Purpose: Synthetic MRI utilizes the quantitative relaxometry parameters to generate multiple contrast images through a single acquisition. We tried to explore the utility of synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters in evaluation of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study.

Assessing hydrogeochemical facies and Groundwater Quality Index in rapidly urbanizing coastal region: a GIS-based approach with machine learning for enhanced management.

Groundwater is an essential freshwater source worldwide, but increasing pollution poses risks to its sustainability. This study applied a comprehensive approach to assess hydrogeochemical facies and groundwater quality in Odisha's large low-lying coastal regions. Analysis of 136 samples revealed that sodium (9.

Modulation of the Magnetic Anisotropy via the Ligand Field in Sandwiched Erbium Complexes.

Among lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs), erbium(III) is a Kramers ion, apart from dysprosium(III), which provides magnetic bistability in the presence of a suitable coordination environment. However, Er-based SMMs exhibit significantly less magnetic anisotropy than Dy because their prolate electronic density necessitates equatorially correlated ligands to minimize the charge contact with the Er atom. Here, in this work, we have computationally investigated the heteroleptic organometallic complexes with an Er(III) atom sandwiched between two distinct cyclic rings (five- and eight-membered) with the aim of tuning the magnetic anisotropy via exploiting the ligand field.

A rare case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis in pediatric age group.

Background: We report a unique case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis.

Case Presentation: A 10-year-old male presented with redness and loss of vision in his right eye for two weeks. Clinical examination and ultrasound features were suggestive of endophthalmitis, most likely endogenous due to the absence of a history of trauma or intraocular intervention.

Biogenic synthesized CuO nanoparticles and 5-fluorouracil loaded anticancer gel for HeLa cervical cancer cells.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health challenge in developing countries are high due to low HPV vaccination rates, delayed diagnosis, and restricted healthcare access. Metal nanomaterials, such as copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs), have shown significant promise in cancer therapy due to their ability to induce apoptosis. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) enhances the cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer, working synergistically with CuO NPs to maximize the therapeutic impact while potentially reducing the 5-Fu's systemic side effects.

Structural and functional characterization of cellulose synthase proteins (CesA) in rice and their regulation via brassinosteroid signaling under arsenate stress.

CesA proteins response to arsenic stress in rice involves structural and regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the role of BES1/BZR1 transcript levels under arsenate exposure and significant downregulation of BZR1 protein expression. Plants interact with several hazardous metalloids during their life cycle through root and soil connection. One such metalloid, is arsenic and its perilous impact on rice cultivation is a well-known threat.

Unravelling Heterogeneity: A Rare PNPT1 Variant in Childhood-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a diverse and heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders marked by progressive ataxia and cerebellar degeneration. This case report details an 11-year-old Indian boy with childhood-onset ataxia and severe sensorineural hearing loss, a rarely reported concomitance in pediatric neurology. Genetic analysis identified a unique heterozygous 3' splice site variant in the PNPT1 gene (c.

Single (375 mg/m) vs. double dose of rituximab along with mycophenolate mofetil for children with steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: a multicentre open-label randomized controlled trial.

Background: Optimal dosing of rituximab when given with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRNS/SDNS) remains uncertain.

Methods: This was a prospective, non-inferiority, open-label randomized controlled multicentre study. Children (2-18 years old) with difficult FRNS/SDNS were randomized to group A (rituximab 375 mg/m once) or group B (rituximab 375 mg/m twice; 7-14 days apart) followed by continuous MMF and 3 months of tapered steroids.

Hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals and plant extracts against chemotherapy-induced liver damage in animal models: a systematic review.

Chemotherapy, a cornerstone of cancer treatment, is frequently marred by its hepatotoxic effects, which can significantly impede therapeutic efficacy. This systematic review meticulously evaluates the hepatoprotective properties of phytochemicals and plant extracts against chemotherapy-induced liver damage, primarily in experimental animal models. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an exhaustive search was conducted across databases like SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science, culminating in the inclusion of 61 pertinent studies.

Effect of different artificial tears on tear film parameters in dry eye disease.

Significance: Artificial tears remain the cornerstone for managing dry eye disease. The current study's real-world efficacy test of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, or sodium hyaluronate (SH)-based lubricants highlights their similar effects on noninvasive tear film parameters over the short term. However, patients reported better relief with SH-based lubricants.

Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular canal in different sagittal and growth patterns for safe placement of temporary skeletal anchorage devices: A prospective study.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to assess the 3-dimensional position of the mandibular canal (MC) in different craniofacial patterns to know about the safe placement of temporary skeletal anchorage devices using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The secondary objectives were to assess sex differences and correlate the MC position with various factors.

Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted on 90 patients, divided into 3 groups based on the sagittal pattern: skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III.

Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies and Statistical Tools in Identifying Pathways and Biomarkers for Heat Tolerance in Livestock.

The climate change-associated abnormal weather patterns negatively influences the productivity and performance of farm animals. Heat stress is the major detrimental factor hampering production, causing substantial economic loss to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to identify heat-tolerant breeds that can survive and produce optimally in any given environment.

Telomere length sensitive regulation of interleukin receptor 1 type 1 (IL1R1) by the shelterin protein TRF2 modulates immune signalling in the tumour microenvironment.

Telomeres are crucial for cancer progression. Immune signalling in the tumour microenvironment has been shown to be very important in cancer prognosis. However, the mechanisms by which telomeres might affect tumour immune response remain poorly understood.

Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know.

Evaluating altered mental status and suspected meningeal disorders in children often begins with imaging, typically before a lumbar puncture. The challenge is that meningeal enhancement is a common finding across a range of pathologies, making diagnosis complex. This review proposes a categorization of meningeal diseases based on their predominant imaging characteristics.

Impact of Manganese Carbonate Precipitation on Uranium(VI) Fate in Conditions Relevant to Carbonate-Buffered Aquifers.

Widespread geogenic uranium (U) contamination of Indian groundwaters is of serious concern; yet little is known of the dominant forms and release mechanisms of U in these aquifers. Interestingly, manganese (Mn)-rich aquifers, highly buffered by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and saturated with rhodochrosite [MnCO], have shown low U ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Impact of Climatic Factors on the Temporal Trend of Malaria in India from 1961 to 2021.

Malaria remains a significant public health problem in India. Although temperature influences Anopheline mosquito feeding intervals, population density, and longevity, the reproductive potential of the Plasmodium parasite and rainfall influence the availability of larval habitats, and evidence to correlate the impact of climatic factors on the incidence of malaria is sparse. Understanding the influence of climatic factors on malaria transmission will help us predict the future spread and intensification of the disease.

Integrating Community Engagement in Zero Leprosy Efforts: A Pathway to Sustainable Early Detection, Control and Elimination.

Community engagement has emerged as a critical component in the effective control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), particularly in regions with persistent stigma and limited healthcare access. Drawing on case studies from Brazil, India, and Nigeria, this opinion piece explores how community-driven initiatives have successfully improved leprosy awareness, reduced stigma, and fostered early case detection and treatment adherence. The importance of culturally sensitive, inclusive approaches in health education and stigma reduction campaigns is highlighted, emphasizing the potential for community engagement to enhance national leprosy programs and contribute to the World Health Organization's Zero Leprosy Strategy.

Identification of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Targeting DNA Gyrase A and Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase PknB: A Machine Learning-Assisted Drug-Repurposing Approach.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health challenge associated with considerable levels of illness and mortality worldwide. The development of innovative therapeutic strategies is crucial to combat the rise of drug-resistant TB strains. DNA Gyrase A (GyrA) and serine/threonine protein kinase (PknB) are promising targets for new TB medications.