Estimation of surface doses in the presence of an air gap under a bolus for a 6 MV clinical photon beam - a phantom study.

Goal of the present study was to develop and build a phantom that replicates the air gaps under a gel bolus and to estimate the surface dose (D) under normal incidence with a 6 MV photon beam. For this, an acrylic phantom with 10 plates, each including five open slots (one in the centre and four off axis) with a size of 2 cm × 2 cm at depths of 0.54 cm, 0.

The paradoxical activity of BRAF inhibitors: potential use in wound healing.

The area of wound healing presents a promising field of interest for clinicians as well as the scientific community. A major concern for physicians is the rising number of elderly people suffering from diabetes, leprosy, tuberculosis and the associated chronic wounds. While traditional therapies target basic wound care, innovative strategies that accelerate wound healing are needed.

Linn.: comprehensive insights into its medicinal, phytochemical and safety profiles.

Linn., commonly known as the 'Tree of Sadness' belongs to Oleaceae family. In Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathic therapeutic systems, it has been used to treat various conditions, including ulcers, skin diseases, hair loss, piles, liver diseases, rheumatism, and malarial fevers.

Boosting Surface Coverage of CO Intermediates through Multimetallic Interface Interactions for Efficient CO Electrochemical Reduction.

Given the inherent challenges of the CO electroreduction (COER) reaction, solely from CO and HO, it is desirable to develop selective product formation pathways. This can be achieved by designing multimetallic nanocomposites that provide optimal CO coverage, allowing for tunability in the product formation. In this work, Ag and Zn codoped-SrTiO (ZAST) composite immobilized carbon black (CB)-modified GCE working electrode (ZAST@CB/GCE) was developed for the electrochemical conversion of CO to multicarbon products.

Tirzepatide mitigates cognitive decline in zebrafish model of type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet.

In examining the enduring consequences of diabetes, recent research has focused on the anticipated outcomes of the condition. Specifically, cognitive impairment has been linked to diabetes mellitus dating back to the discovery of insulin. This study delves into the neuroprotective effects of TZP, i.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Overweight or Obese Women: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Previous studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile in individuals with obesity or overweight women, but the results have been inconsistent.

Objective: This meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D on lipid profile in women who are overweight or obese.

Data Sources: A meticulous search strategy was used across the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 2024.

Synergistic strategies: histone deacetylase inhibitors and platinum-based drugs in cancer therapy.

Introduction: The synergistic combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors and platinum-based medicines represents a promising therapeutic strategy to efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy, necessitating a comprehensive on their molecular interactions and clinical potential.

Areas Covered: The objective of presented review is to investigate the molecular pathways of platinum medicines and HDAC inhibitors. A comprehensive literature review from 2011 to 2024 was conducted across multiples databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and official websites of ClinicalTrial.

High-yielding total synthesis of embelin, rapanone, and irisoquin A, D, F.

Simple and sustainable three- and four-step sequences of di-OH-protection/mono-OMe-deprotection/OrgRC and di-OH-protection/mono-OMe-deprotection/OrgRC/OMe-deprotection protocols were developed to construct biologically active natural products of irisoquin, irisoquin A, irisoquin D, irisoquin F, sorgoleone-364, embelin, rapanone, 5--methylembelin, 5--methylrapanone and their analogues from the commercially available 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, aliphatic aldehydes and Hantzsch ester (1,4-DHP) in very good to excellent yields by using organocatalytic reductive coupling (OrgRC) as key reaction. Many of these natural compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, analgesic, anthelmintic, antitumor, antibacterial, and antifertility properties. At the same time, simple and readily available 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone was transformed into a functionally rich library of 2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-dialkyl-1,4-benzoquinones in very good yields by using sequential OrgRC followed by deprotection reactions and resulting natural/unnatural products would be excellent targets for investigation to show their biological activities compared to known natural products.

Bioconversion of mustard oil cake for production of lipase, optimization and direct immobilization from solid-state fermentation extract.

Fungal lipases are the leading industrial biocatalyst due to their broad applications, but high cost limits their commercial usage. The low-cost agri-residues substrates can reduce the cost of lipase production. However, the compatibility of agri-residue with fungal species, recovery process of lipase and stability of the enzyme are crucial steps.

Fabrication of Hypoxia-Mimicking Supramolecular Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair.

Despite advancements in chronic arthritis treatment, there remains a significant demand for advanced nanotechnologies capable of efficiently delivering a wide range of therapeutic agents to provide symptomatic relief and facilitate the healing of inflamed cartilage tissue. Considering the significant impact of hypoxia on the development and maintenance of chondral tissue, replicating its effects on stem cells could be a potential approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Cobalt is a prominent hypoxia-inducing agent, owing to its ability to activate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway regardless of cellular oxygen levels.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Curcumin Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Maintaining Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Curcuminoids, found in turmeric ( L.), include curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Although CUR and DMC are well-studied, the anti-inflammatory effects of BDMC remain less explored.

The circulating plasma microRNA signature in human visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan in India. VL can be complicated by post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a macular or nodular rash that develops in 10%-20% of patients after treatment of VL in India. Patients with PKDL are infectious to sand flies, promoting further transmission of the parasite.

Investigation of Immunoreactivity Profiles and Epitope Landscape in Divergent COVID-19 Trajectories and SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

This study aimed to elucidate the complexity of the humoral immune response in COVID-19 patients with varying disease trajectories using a SARS-CoV-2 whole proteome peptide microarray chip. The microarray, containing 5347 peptides spanning the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome and key variants of concern, was used to analyze IgG responses in 10 severe-to-recovered, 9 nonsevere-to-severe cases, and 10 control case (5 pre-pandemic and 5 SARS-CoV-2-negative) plasma samples. We identified 1151 IgG-reactive peptides corresponding to 647 epitopes, with 207 peptides being cross-reactive across 124 epitopes.

Comparison of Temperature Changes Between Holmium-YAG Laser and Thulium Fiber Laser in an In Vitro Setting.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate and compare the rise in the temperature for the safety of the ureter and kidney parenchyma when firing the holmium laser and the thulium fiber laser (TFL).

Methods: We performed a laboratory experiment to measure the rise in temperature upon firing holmium laser and a TFL in a 10 cm3 transparent test tube in an outdoor environment and then in a container with normal saline.

Results: In a 10 cc test tube with static water at 25°C, the rise in temperature with holmium and TFL depends on the firing time, keeping power constant.

Mitochondria-targeting nanostructures from enzymatically degradable fluorescent amphiphilic polyesters.

Water-soluble π-conjugated luminescent bioprobes have been broadly used in biomedical research but are limited by the nonbiodegradability associated with their rigid C-C backbones. In the present work, we introduced three naphthalene monoimide (NMI)-functionalized amphiphilic fluorescent polyesters (P1, P2, and P3) prepared by transesterification of functional diols with an activated diester monomer of adipic acid. These polyesters featured a side-chain NMI fluorophore, imparting the required hydrophobicity for self-assembly in water and endowing the polymeric nanoassemblies with green fluorescence.

Synergistic Pd/Ag-Catalyzed Domino Reaction: Access to Tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran and Hexahydrofuro[2,3-]pyran.

We report the Pd-catalyzed and Ag-mediated temperature-dependent divergent synthesis of tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran and hexahydrofuro[2,3-]pyran derivatives from a single substrate, alkynols. The reaction involves homocoupling of alkynols to form two C-O bonds and one C-C bond, resulting in tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran cores at a high temperature (110 °C). Exposing tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyrans to a 200 W tungsten filament bulb yields tetrahydrofuro[2,3-]pyrans.

Cu(II)-NHC Catalyzed Insertion of Quinoid Carbenes into -Epoxides: Stereoselective Synthesis of -Dihydronaphthodioxine.

A straightforward synthesis of -dihydronaphthodioxine has been efficiently accomplished through Cu(II)-NHC catalysis, involving the stereoselective ring opening of -epoxides with quinoid-carbene. Intramolecular S2-like substitution facilitates the inversion of stereochemistry during -epoxide ring opening. This reaction has been developed under simple conditions, demonstrating a broad substrate scope with a wide chemoselective profile.

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a disproportionality analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system data.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concerns have emerged regarding their potential link to diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: To evaluate the association between GLP-1 agonists and DR, a disproportionality analysis was conducted using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from Q4/2003 to Q2/2024 via OpenVigil 2.

Substituent effect in protein binding, optical, electrochemical, and antimicrobial properties of dipyrazinylpyridine ligands.

A series of 2,6-di(pyrazine-2-yl)pyridine (dppy) ligands - of varying substituents of different electronic nature (-NMe, -OMe,-Me, and -Cl) in the 4-position of the pyridine moiety has been designed and synthesized to study the binding behavior of the dppy ligands towards Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), a low-cost serum albumin protein. The interaction between ligands and BSA has been studied using UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies. The fluorescence of BSA was found to be quenched in the presence of all the ligands , in which ligand , having the most electron donating group NMe exhibits the maximum binding affinity towards BSA.

Decoding the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Fight against .

Tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease caused by the pathogen , poses a significant treatment challenge due to its unique characteristics and resistance to existing drugs. The conventional treatment regimens, which are lengthy and involve multiple drugs, often result in poor patient adherence and subsequent drug resistance, particularly with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. This highlights the urgent need for novel anti-TB therapies and new drug targets.