Identifying the greatest surgeon-perceived barriers and challenges in performing corneal transplantation in India.

Objective: There is currently no systematic method of assessing limitations in performing corneal transplantation. The purpose of the study was to identify the limitations of performing corneal transplantation in India.

Design: Cross-sectional survey study.

Cellulases Production by Aspergillus unguis in Solid State Fermentation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dilute Acid-Treated Groundnut Fodder.

Groundnut fodder was utilized as a bioresource for the production of cellulases through solid state fermentation (SSF). Aspergillus unguis was initially grown on modified groundnut fodder for cellulase production and the fodder was hydrolyzed by the crude cellulase extract into fermentable hydrolyzate. The highest titer of Filter paperase (FPase), Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, and protein content were found to be 11.

Potential Degradation of Low- and High-Density Polyethylene Films by Ochrobactrum intermedium SA1 from Sewage Sludge.

Accumulation of plastic waste is an alarming environmental concern across globe. For which, microbial degradation offers an efficient ecofriendly solution. Thus, the present study focuses on the exploration of new bacterium that can grow on and utilize polyethylene.

Microstructural abnormalities of the dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract in tremor dominant Parkinson's disease and essential tremor plus syndrome.

Purpose: The dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract (DRTC) is considered to play a crucial role across tremor disorders including tremor dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) and essential tremor plus (ETP). This study aims to comprehensively evaluate microstructural integrity of the DRTC using single-compartment, i.e.

Prioritization of candidate genes regulating the dwarfness in rice by integration of whole-genome and transcriptome analyses.

Dwarfism is a major trait for developing lodging-resistant rice cultivars. Gamma irradiation-induced mutagenesis has proven to be an effective method for generating dwarf rice mutants. In this research, we isolated a dwarf mutant from Anna R (4) in the M generation and subsequently stabilized the trait through successive selfing of progeny across the M-M generations.

Targeting senescence and GATA4 in age-related cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive approach.

The growing prevalence of age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) poses significant health challenges, necessitating the formulation of novel treatment approaches. GATA4, a vital transcription factor identified for modulating cardiovascular biology and cellular senescence, is recognized for its critical involvement in CVD pathogenesis. This review collected relevant studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using search terms like 'GATA4,' 'cellular senescence,' 'coronary artery diseases,' 'hypertension,' 'heart failure,' 'arrhythmias,' 'congenital heart diseases,' 'cardiomyopathy,' and 'cardiovascular disease.

Dual neutralization of TGF-β and IL-21 regulates Th17/Treg balance by suppressing inflammatory signalling in the splenic lymphocytes of Staphylococcus aureus infection-induced septic arthritic mice.

Septic arthritis (SA) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a severe inflammatory joint disease, characterized by synovitis accompanied with cartilage destruction and bone erosion. The available antibiotic treatment alone is insufficient to resolve the inflammation that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the CD4 T helper lymphocytes, the Th17 and Tregs are key regulators of immune homeostasis.

Visible-Light-Induced Insertion of Siloxycarbene into Amide N-H Bonds: Synthesis of Carbinolamides from Acylsilanes and Amides.

The insertion of carbene into secondary amide N-H bonds remains underexplored in organic synthesis. In this work, we discovered the visible-light-induced insertion of siloxycarbene into amide N-H bonds. This metal-free, facile reaction proceeds with atom economy under mild conditions with a broad range of secondary N-H amides, including benzanilide, acetanilide, oxindole, isatin, quinolinone, and maleimide, affording stable - and -acetals in excellent isolated yields.

Seed bacterization with siderophore-producing bacteria: a strategy to enhance growth and alkaloid content in Catharanthus roseus.

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant widely known for producing monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), including therapeutic compounds such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are crucial for cancer treatment. However, the naturally low concentration of these alkaloids in plant tissues poses a significant challenge for large-scale production. This study explores the application of siderophore-producing bacteria for seed bacterization of Catharanthus roseus to enhance the production of MIAs, including vindoline, catharanthine, and vinblastine.

A septo-hypothalamic-medullary circuit directs stress-induced analgesia.

Stress is a potent modulator of pain. Specifically, acute stress due to physical restraint induces stress-induced analgesia (SIA). However, where and how acute stress and pain pathways interface in the brain are poorly understood.

Atomically Fine-Tuning Organic-Inorganic Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Hydrogen Production.

Polymeric membranes with great processability are attractive for the H/CO separation required for hydrogen production from renewable biomass with carbon capture for utilization and sequestration. However, it remains elusive to engineer polymer architectures to obtain desired sub-3.3 Å ultramicropores to efficiently sieve H from CO.

A brief review on the progress of MXene-based catalysts for electro- and photochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation.

The development and generation of affordable and highly efficient energy, particularly hydrogen, are one of the best approaches to address the challenges posed by the depletion of non-renewable energy sources. Hydrogen energy, as a green and ecosystem-friendly source with zero carbon emission, can be generated through various methods, including water splitting (HER/OER) either photo- or electrocatalytic reactions. To implement these reactions effectively in practical applications, it is highly desirable to develop extremely efficient and cost-effective catalytic materials that are comparable to contemporary catalysts.

Emerging Role of Noncovalent Interactions and Disulfide Bond Formation in the Cellular Uptake of Small Molecules and Proteins.

Intracellular delivery of proteins is an important barrier in the development of strategies to deliver functional proteins and protein therapeutics into the cells to realize their full potential in biotechnology, biomedicine, cell-based therapies, and gene editing protein systems. Most of the intracellular protein delivery strategies involve the conjugation of cell penetrating peptides to enable and enhance the permeability of plasma membrane of mammalian cells to allow proteins to enter cytosol. Small molecules conjugations such as (p-methylphenyl) glycine, pyrenebutyrate and cysteines are used for the same purpose.

Surfactant-based interface capture towards the development of 2D-printed photonic structures.

This study focuses on fabricating photonic crystals (PCs) by surfactant-based particle capture at the gas-liquid interface of evaporating sessile droplets. The captured particles form interfacial films, resulting in ordered monolayer depositions manifesting iridescent structural colors. The particle dynamics behind the ordered arrangement is delineated.

Oral Dydrogesterone Versus Oral Micronized Progesterone in Threatened Miscarriage: Protocol Paper for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Threatened miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy characterized by symptoms of vaginal bleeding with/without abdominal cramps/pain in the first trimester. Progestogens are often administered for management of this condition. Presented herein is the protocol of an ongoing, multicentric clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of micronized progesterone (natural progestogen) compared to dydrogesterone (synthetic isomer of progesterone).

Hot carrier dynamics in the BAPbBr/MoS heterostructure.

Herein, we investigated the carrier-phonon relaxation process in a two-dimensional (2D) BAPbBr perovskite and its heterostructure with MoS. Energy transfer was observed in the van der Waals heterostructure of 2D perovskite and monolayer MoS, leading to enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity of MoS. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy was used to study the carrier and lattice dynamics of pristine 2D materials and their heterostructure.

Delayed Fluorescence in Dual-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals: Insight into the Role of Dopants.

This study investigates the photophysical behaviour of Mn/Fe and Mn/Sn co-doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to explore carrier dynamics and dopant interactions. Using gated photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-dependent measurements, we elucidate the impact of dopant chemistry on exciton behaviour, focusing on vibrationally assisted delayed fluorescence (VADF) and energy transfer mechanisms. The efficiency of VADF is influenced by factors such as the bandgap, temperature, quantum confinement, and host composition.

Hyper-energy metabolism of Oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced glycolysis contributes to radioresistance in glioma cells.

PurposeThe concept of dual-state hyper-energy metabolism characterized by elevated glycolysis and OxPhos has gained considerable attention during tumor growth and metastasis in different malignancies. However, it is largely unknown how such metabolic phenotypes influence the radiation response in aggressive cancers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of hyper-energy metabolism (increased glycolysis and OxPhos) on the radiation response of a human glioma cell line.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome on the Operating Room Table After a Robotic Radical Nephrectomy: A Case Report.

An elderly patient with renal cell carcinoma underwent a robotic nephrectomy. After an uneventful intraoperative period, soon after extubation she developed generalized seizures and was diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) on neuroimaging. Management included antiepileptic and antihypertensive therapies, necessitating intensive care and neurorehabilitation.

Development and validation of a robust single extraction method for analysis of PAHs, HBCD, BDE, and PCBs in the coastal environment.

Monitoring persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine-disrupting properties poses significant analytical challenges due to labor-intensive, costly, and environmentally unsustainable procedures. This study developed an efficient and robust approach for the simultaneous detection of diverse groups of semi-volatile organics in water and sediment samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two extraction methods were studied for determining POPs in water and sediments.

Optimization of Polymers for Organic Solar Cells: Effects of Alkyl, Fluorinated and Thiophenated Chains.

This paper explores optimization strategies for polymeric materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) with the focus on varying alkyl side chain, addition of fluorine atom, and thiophenated derivatives onto polymer. As such, it outlines the significance of renewable energy sources and the potential of photovoltaic technologies, particularly organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Objectives include factors affecting power conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage (Voc), aggregation tendencies, and optoelectronic properties in OPVs.

Task loading of soldering workers in small-scale manufacturing units.

Soldering is common in electrical product manufacturing, but the task load in small units is unquantified. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the occurrence of task load due to soldering work, analyzing the effects of age and sex among workers in small manufacturing units. The task load of 102 soldering workers from four small-scale manufacturing units was assessed using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire, covering six dimensions: physical demand, mental demand, temporal demand, effort, performance and frustration.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual "Dementia Awareness for Caregivers" Course in Brazil and India.

Objective: To establish whether a virtual dementia awareness course is feasible for caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India.

Methods: A pre/posttest single group, multisite feasibility study, mixed methods exploratory design was applied. Primary caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India took a 3 to 4-hour course adapted for online delivery, with 10 to 15 caregivers.