Additional analyses of stem catarrhine and hominoid dental morphology support Kapi ramnagarensis as a stem hylobatid.

Fossil gibbons are exceedingly rare, with much of the hylobatid fossil record and, consequently, hylobatid evolutionary history remaining unknown. Kapi ramnagarensis was described as a stem hylobatid on the basis of an isolated lower right M from ∼13.0-12.

Gender inequality: policy responses to employment and education in BRICS countries.

This study assesses gender inequality in education and employment in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries between the 2000 and 2021, using data from the World Bank database. A descriptive data analysis was carried out as well as graphical representations to compare among countries. The results showed that that female education achieved significant success, especially at secondary and tertiary levels, through specific policies including financial support and affirmative actions.

Anti-oxidants as Therapeutic Agents for Oxidative Stress Associated Pathologies: Future Challenges and Opportunities.

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer along with cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, pulmonary and inflammatory disorders. Further, the relationship between oxidative stress and disease is distinctively established. Clinical trials using anti-oxidants for the prevention of disease progression have indicated some beneficial effects.

Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Role of Life-Saving Gadgets Among Small-Scale Motorised Fishers on India's Southernmost Coasts.

Objective: Marine fishing ranks among the most hazardous occupations globally, with risks intensifying for small-sized vessels venturing deeper into the sea due to the scarcity of near-shore fish and high market demand. This study identifies various occupational hazards and the use of safety equipment among small-scale motorized fishers using traditional fishing methods in the southernmost coastal regions of India.

Methods: The primary data were collected from 253 artisanal small-scale motorized fishers through a multi-stage stratified random sampling method.

Rational design facilitates the improvement of glucose tolerance and catalytic properties of a β-glucosidase from Acetivibrio thermocellus.

Cellulases are an ensemble of enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose chains into fermentable glucose and hence are widely used in bioethanol production. The last enzyme of the cellulose degradation pathway, β-glucosidase, is inhibited by its product, glucose. The product inhibition by glucose hinders cellulose hydrolysis limiting the saccharification during bioethanol production.

Critical View of Safety: Anatomical Key to Avoid Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy.

In this study, we propose a critical view of safety to promote standard visual identification and preservation of RLN during TOETVA. Laryngoscope, 2025.

Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis: prognostic implications.

Background: The role of imaging in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) remains unclear, and there are limited data on the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose, treat, or prognosticate AIE.

Purpose: To evaluate whether MRI is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for AIE and assess its efficacy in distinguishing between various AIE subtypes.

Material And Methods: We analyzed data from 96 AIE patients from our prospective autoimmune registry.

A biocompatible Ni(II) complex as an amyloid sensor for human PrP fibrillar aggregates.

KRS-1, a biocompatible nickel(II) complex, is introduced as a potent fluorescent probe for PrP fibrillar aggregates. KRS-1 shows a 15-fold enhancement in PL intensity and detects all stages of PrP aggregation. Fluorescence microscopy confirms its efficacy in identifying PrP fibrillar aggregates in HT-22 cells.

Practice patterns among ophthalmic surgeons in treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions in preoperative period: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure. Some oculoplastic conditions, like nasolacrimal duct obstruction, have been extensively studied, whereas others, like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease, have received minimal or no research.

Aim: To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.

Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus.

The study by Cao aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development using advanced proteomic techniques, such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group, with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls. Although these findings are promising, the study is limited by its small sample size ( = 4 per group) and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.

Scalable InGaN nanowire µ-LEDs: paving the way for next-generation display technology.

Ever-increasing demand for efficient optoelectronic devices with a small-footprinted on-chip light emitting diode has driven their expansion in self-emissive displays, from micro-electronic displays to large video walls. InGaN nanowires, with features like high electron mobility, tunable emission wavelengths, durability under high current densities, compact size, self-emission, long lifespan, low-power consumption, fast response, and impressive brightness, are emerging as the choice of micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs). However, challenges persist in achieving high crystal quality and lattice-matching heterostructures due to composition tuning and bandgap issues on substrates with differing crystal structures and high lattice mismatches.

Inhibition of the polyol pathway by extract: plausible implications for diabetic retinopathy treatment.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a significant microvascular disorder and the leading cause of vision impairment in working-age individuals. Hyperglycemia triggers retinal damage through mechanisms such as the polyol pathway and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Inhibiting key enzymes in this pathway, aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), alongside preventing AGE formation, may offer therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy and other vascular complications.

Cell-free supernatant of (RAMULAB51) from coconut inflorescence sap (Neera) enhances glucose uptake and PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria are prized for their probiotic benefits and gut health improvements. This study assessed five LAB isolates from Neera, with RAMULAB51 (, GenBank ON171686.1) standing out for its high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme inhibition.

Digital Monitoring of Anemia Control Measures in a District Using Anemia Mukt Bharat Health Management Information System Indicators.

Introduction: Anemia is a severe public health problem in India, affecting more than 50% of individuals across most age groups. The Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) program, with a target of a three-percentage point reduction in anemia prevalence per year, developed a monitoring mechanism based on a set of 18 indicators and six key performance indicators (KPIs) derived from routine reporting in the Health Management Information System (HMIS). The study's objective was to assess the status of anemia control measures in the district of Faridabad, Haryana, India, using AMB HMIS indicators from April 2018 to March 2019.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Disabilities in Eastern India.

Background: Globally, a substantial portion of the population lives with significant disabilities. Despite advancements, individuals with disabilities continue to experience poorer health outcomes, often due to inadequate knowledge and attitudes among healthcare providers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals regarding disabilities in a tertiary care setting.

Complications of Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis: Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation Leads to Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient With Post-Bowel Resection Surgery.

It is critical to recognize pulmonary embolism as soon as possible in patients who have gastrointestinal problems pre- and post-surgery. Even in the absence of conventional risk factors, the Factor V Leiden mutation emphasizes the importance of a thorough thrombophilia assessment. To effectively manage and prevent thrombotic episodes, prompt anticoagulant medication and genetic screening for family members are essential.

Bullous Type 2 Lepra Reaction: A Rare and Significant Case Report.

Bullous type 2 lepra reactions are a rare initial presentation in leprosy that can complicate the disease with vesiculo-bullous lesions. Early recognition and differentiation from other bullous disorders are critical for timely corticosteroid and multidrug therapy initiation to improve patient outcomes.

Artificial intelligence in respiratory care.

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised numerous aspects of our daily lives, with profound implications across various sectors, including healthcare. Although the concept of AI in healthcare was introduced in the early 1970s, the integration of this technology in healthcare is still in the evolution phase. Despite barriers, the current decade is witnessing an increased utility of AI into diverse specialities of the medical field to enhance precision medicine, predict diagnosis, therapeutic results, and prognosis; this includes respiratory medicine, critical care, and in their allied specialties.

Lung cancer in Asia: the impact of climate change.

The escalating global threat of climate change is becoming more evident. The climate crisis intersects with another major challenge: lung cancer. With Asia already bearing half the global cancer burden, the impact of climate-related events on health and on lung cancer care specifically are profound.

Severe Hypertension on the Background of Buspirone Use.

Drug-induced hypertension, though rare, often presents diagnostic challenges, particularly when the causative drug is not typically associated with hypertension. We describe a case involving a 55-year-old woman who presented with anxiety, confusion, and significantly high blood pressure unresponsive to standard treatments. Despite increasing medication doses, her blood pressure remained poorly controlled, leading to an investigation for secondary causes.