Insights into the functionality of biofilm-forming bacterial consortia as bioavailability enhancers towards biodegradation of pyrene in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.

Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), such as pyrene, pose significant challenges for microbial-based remediation in soil due to limited substrate availability and the sustainability of augmented microbes. Research targets are to investigate the potential of biofilm-forming bacterial cells to enhance pyrene bioavailability and biodegradation in two different hydrocarbon-contaminated soil microcosms, employing microbiological, molecular, and chemical analysis validated through statistical tools. The microcosm augmented with strong biofilm bacterial consortia (A) significantly enhanced pyrene availability by 1-1.

Struggling over water, losing it through evaporation: The case of Afghanistan and Iran.

Prolonged droughts and rising water demand have worsened water disputes in the transboundary Helmand basin, shared by Afghanistan and Iran. While both countries have built water storage reservoirs to mitigate water shortages, evaporative losses from these reservoirs reduce their effectiveness. This issue intensifies challenges over water shortages in the region without reliable monitoring data.

Non-reactive biochar and Bacillus pumilus RSB17-based healing powder: A sustainable solution for enhanced bacterial viability in self-healing mortar.

Existing mortar uses self-healing powders that are based on mineral admixtures, whose reactive nature negatively impacts bacterial viability and diminishes their effectiveness over time. This study aims to develop non-reactive, sustainable biochar-based healing powders with extended bacterial viability to serve as self-healing admixture in bio-mortar. Biochar from coconut husk, coconut shell, and coconut leaf petiole was evaluated for compatibility with Bacillus pumilus RSB17, emphasizing bacterial growth and calcium carbonate precipitation.

VoxRad: Building an open-source locally-hosted radiology reporting system.

VoxRad is an open-source application designed to enhance radiology reporting by leveraging generative AI. Utilizing locally hosted Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Large Language Models (LLM), VoxRad enables continuous dictation, transcribing reports into standardized formats with high accuracy, efficiency, and data security. The modular design allows flexible integration of user-selected ASR and LLM models via OpenAI-compatible APIs, ensuring HIPAA compliance with secure local storage of data.

The metabolome of Sphingobium chinhatense IP26 exposed to chlorinated paraffins - Efficient data analysis with RASER.

The universe of possible chloro-paraffin (CP) structures is a complex one. Even the world of short-chain CPs (SCCPs) is large, containing thousands of constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. We investigated a technical SCCP mixture (Hordalub 80, Vantage Leuna, m = 56%) and found 33 CP-homologues in this material with carbon- (n) and chlorine-numbers (n) varying from 10 to 13 and 4-12, respectively.

A bibliometric review on ghost fishing: Impacts on marine environment and governing measures.

Ghost fishing, the phenomenon of abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) that continues to trap and kill marine life, represents a significant environmental and economic threat to marine ecosystems and fisheries worldwide. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ghost fishing, examining its direct and indirect impacts on the marine environment and exploring the strategies employed to mitigate its effects. A total of 627 records from academic journals, government publications, research articles, and relevant online databases were screened using approved search engines.

Combating sepsis-induced acute lung injury: PARP1 inhibition mediates oxidative stress mitigation and miR-135a-5p/SMAD5/Nanog axis drives regeneration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition combined with microRNA miR-135a-5p overexpression in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Specifically, we aimed to elucidate combinatorial therapeutic potential of PARP1 inhibition in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation across different models, simultaneously miR-135a-5p overexpression promoting regeneration through the SMAD5/Nanog axis.

Method: We used C57BL/6 mice to create Cecal Ligation Puncture (CLP) model of Sepsis-induced Acute Lung Injury.

Improved early detection accuracy for breast cancer using a deep learning framework in medical imaging.

Problem: The most prevalent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), and effective treatment depends on being detected early. Many people seek medical imaging techniques to help in the early detection of problems, but results often need to be corrected for increased accuracy.

Aim: A new deep learning approach for medical images is applied in the detection of BC in this paper.

Morphine's role in macrophage polarization: Exploring M1 and M2 dynamics and disease susceptibility.

Morphine is a globally prevalent substance of misuse, renowned for its immunosuppressive effects mediated through opioid receptors expressed on immune cells. Macrophages are crucial antigen-presenting cells that fulfill diverse roles, such as antigen presentation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and disease protection. They are typically classified based on their activation states: M1 (proinflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory), and M0 (resting).

A comparative analysis of CNNs and LSTMs for ECG-based diagnosis of arrythmia and congestive heart failure.

Cardiac arrhythmias are major global health concern and their early detection is critical for diagnosis. This study comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of CNNs and LSTMs for the classification of cardiac arrhythmias, considering three PhysioNet datasets. ECG records are segmented to accommodate around ∼10s of ECG data.

Characterization of Factors Associated With Death in Deceased Patients With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial disorders are multiorgan disorders resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to characterize death-associated factors in an international cohort of deceased individuals with mitochondrial disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter observational study used data provided by 26 mitochondrial disease centers from 8 countries from January 2022 to March 2023.

Landscape of Global Pediatric Oncology Publications: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Purpose: The academic field of global pediatric oncology is expanding as cancer becomes increasingly recognized as a global health priority for children and adolescents. Here, we aimed to explore the representation of authors, the geographic distribution of research, and the research approaches being used in global pediatric oncology.

Methods: Articles published in () and on the topic of global pediatric oncology were analyzed.

Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is a significant and distinct form of acute myocardial infarction associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. It occurs most commonly due to proximal right coronary artery obstruction, often in conjunction with inferior myocardial infarction. RVMI poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the anatomical and functional differences between the right and left ventricles.

Closed Reduction and Intrafocal Pinning for Complex Dorsal Fracture Dislocation of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint: A Case Report and Novel Technique.

Case: Dorsal dislocations of the distal interphalangeal joint with associated volar base fractures of the distal phalanx are complex injuries that pose challenges for achieving stable reduction and restoring optimal joint function. This case report describes the successful management of a 40-year-old male cardiologist who sustained such an injury after a cricket ball trauma. The treatment involved a combined approach of closed reduction, dorsal extension block pinning, and intrafocal pinning of the volar base fracture.

Fibular-Sided Avulsion of Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament-Patel-Sharma Fragment: A Case Report.

Case: A 30-year-old man presented with left proximal tibia fracture (open Grade 3A) and a transverse lateral malleolus fracture (Weber B) following direct impact injury. Computed tomography revealed a rare posteromedial tubercle fibula fracture at the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) insertion, with syndesmosis disruption. Initial damage control included an external fixator.

Reconstruction of a 10-cm Defect in the Distal Humerus Using a Lambda-Shaped Free Vascularized Fibular Flap: A Case Report.

Case: A 48-year-old man with multiple injuries sustained a Gustilo type 3A right open distal humerus fracture with a 4-cm wound, contralateral radius shaft, and ilium fractures. Following wound irrigation on the day of injury, second look debridement showed crushed triceps and severe contamination extending into the distal humerus medullary canal. After 6 days of initial plate fixation, he developed signs of deep infection.

The Sikkim flood of October 2023: Drivers, causes and impacts of a multihazard cascade.

On 3 October 2023, a multihazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by 14.7 million m of frozen lateral moraine collapsing into South Lhonak Lake, generating an ~20 m tsunami-like impact wave, breaching the moraine, and draining ~50 million m of water. The ensuing Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) eroded ~270 million m of sediment, which overwhelmed infrastructure, including hydropower installations along the Teesta River.

In India, a debate over the benefits of gas stoves.

Surprise finding of few health payoffs complicates push to replace biomass fuel.

Tiger recovery amid people and poverty.

Recovery of large yet ecologically important carnivores poses a formidable global challenge. Tiger () recovery in India, the world's most populated region, offers a distinct opportunity to evaluate the socio-ecological drivers of megafauna recovery. Tiger occupancy increased by 30% (at 2929 square kilometers per year) over the past two decades, leading to the largest global population occupying ~138,200 square kilometers.

Improving myocardial infarction diagnosis with Siamese network-based ECG analysis.

Background: Heart muscle damage from myocardial infarction (MI) is brought on by insufficient blood flow. The leading cause of death for middle-aged and older people worldwide is myocardial infarction (MI), which is difficult to diagnose because it has no symptoms. Clinicians must evaluate electrocardiography (ECG) signals to diagnose MI, which is difficult and prone to observer bias.

First report of causing anthracnose of ashwagandha () in India.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), enriched in alkaloids, steroidal lactones and saponins, is a valuable herb in Indian Ayurvedic medicine. During December 2023, Va-1 (Vallabh Ashwagandha-1) plants at ICAR -Central Tobacco Research Institute, Vedasandur, Tamil Nadu (10.53717ºN, 77.

A novel machine learning-based cancer-specific CVD risk score among patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer.

Background: Cancer patients have up to a 3-fold higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Traditional CVD risk scores may be less accurate for them. We aimed to develop cancer-specific CVD risk scores and compare them with conventional scores in predicting 10-year CVD risk for patients with breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC), or lung cancer (LC).

Monocytes and interstitial macrophages contribute to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Hypoxia is a major cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide, and it is likely that interstitial pulmonary macrophages contribute to this vascular pathology. We observed in hypoxia-exposed mice an increase in resident interstitial macrophages, which expanded through proliferation and expressed the monocyte recruitment ligand CCL2. We also observed an increase in CCR2+ macrophages through recruitment, which express the protein thrombospondin-1 that functionally activates TGF-beta to cause vascular disease.