Poultry litter extract as solid waste supplement for enhanced microalgal biomass production and wastewater treatment.

Wastewater and livestock waste can be used as a cheap source of nutrients for microalgae growth. In this work, a cocktail waste medium (CWM) was developed using 75% Chhalera municipal wastewater (C-MWW), 25% Parag dairy wastewater (P-DWW), and 15 g L of poultry litter extract (PLE-15) for low-cost cultivation of Chlorella sp. BRE4.

Multi-indices approach for comprehensive appraisal of groundwater quality and the implication on human health in the Amaravathi basin, Southern India.

Groundwater is often used directly by the public in several river basins of India. Hence, this study was carried out with the objective of assessing the quality of groundwater in the Amaravathi basin, India, using a multiple indices approach. Groundwater quality data from 96 monitoring wells were obtained from the Central Groundwater Board and used in this study.

Increase in comorbidities with age among patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) significantly contributes to increased morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and higher healthcare costs due to the burden of comorbidities. This study assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in PsA patients in India and explored the influence of age and disease duration on these comorbidities.

Methods: The prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across seven centers in India, utilizing data from the Indian Rheumatology Association.

Identification of f.a., sp. nov. and large indels in the rRNA cistron that split the genus.

Yeast strains representing a novel asexual ascomycetous species were isolated from seven flowers. Sequencing of the chromosomal regions coding for the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 segments and parts of the gene coding for the small subunit ribosomal RNA showed that the isolates were conspecific.

Molecular dynamics in pharmaceutical nanotechnology: simulating interactions and advancing applications.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are now widely utilized in pharmaceutical nanotechnology to gain deeper understanding of nanoscale processes imperative to drug design. This review has also detailed how MD simulation can be employed in the study of drug-nanocarrier interactions, controlling release of chemical compounds from drug delivery systems and increasing solubility and bioavailability of nanocarriers. Furthermore, MD contributes to examining the drug delivery systems, measuring the toxic effects, and determining biocompatibility of nanomedical systems.

Algal lipids: A review on current status and future prospects in food processing.

The consumer demand for functional foods derived from natural sources has been enhanced due to health-promoting effects. Algae are widely available globally as a sustainable source of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Algal lipids are underexplored natural sources that exhibit several nutraceutical effects and applications in fortification, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Harnessing the Sulfur-for-Oxygen Shift: A Magic Bullet for Dynamic Photophysical and Anticancer Activities of Indole-Barbituric Acid Construct.

The development of small molecule-based drugs emerged as a cornerstone of modern drug discovery. Structural activity relationship (SAR) studies in medicinal chemistry are crucial for lead optimization, where a subtle change in the substituent can significantly alter its binding affinity with the biological target. Herein, a highly efficient single-atom substitution (SAS) approach has been developed, where sulfur for oxygen strategy is utilized as a powerful molecular editing technique to identify N-vinyl Indole-thiobarbituric acid (6a) as a novel small molecule-based scaffold with tunable photophysical and antiproliferative activities.

Regioselective Difluoroalkylation of 2-Pyridones with Fluoroalkyl Bromides Enabled by a Nickel(II) Catalyst.

Regioselective C-H difluoroalkylation of diverse 2-pyridones with ethyl bromodifluoroacetates and bromodifluoroacetamides is accomplished by using a (dppf)NiCl2 catalyst under mild conditions. This efficient protocol could deliver a variety of C-3 difluoroalkylated pyridones with the tolerance of a range of highly susceptible functionalities, such as -Cl, -Br, -I, -COMe, -CN, -NMe2 and -NO2, including heteroarenes like pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl and carbazolyl moieties. A preliminary mechanistic study suggests the radical pathway for the reaction involving fluoroalkyl radical intermediate.

Exploring the Conformational Space of MPS1 Kinase Using Metadynamics.

MPS1 kinase is a dual specificity kinase that plays an important role in the spindle assembly checkpoint mechanism during cell division. Overexpression of MPS1 kinase is reported in several cancers. However, drug discovery and development efforts targeting MPS1 kinase did not result in any clinically successful candidates.

Biomarkers.

Background: ApoE polymorphism especially APOE ε4 play a central role in AD pathophysiology through Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent neuropathogenic pathway in the Alzheimer's disease.

Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on non diseased and diseased subjects with stroke from outpatient services of Neurology department of Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences (IHBAS), New Delhi (India). Subjects diagnosed with various dementias including Alzheimer's disease, non AD dementias and dementia with Behavior & Psychological symptoms were taken.

Biomarkers.

Background: Prostatic malignancy with paraneoplastic subacute encephalitis -A rare syndrome METHOD: We present a case of 76 year old male without any previous comorbidity and addiction who manifested a rapid neuropsychiatric decline with a frontotemporal syndrome over a period of 6 months. He was anemic and cerebrospinal fluid study showed 10 cells with lymphocytic predominance. The extensive workup of csf for infection, malignancy revealed nothing.

Biomarkers.

Background: The Defense Automated Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA) encompasses a suite of standardized neurocognitive screening tools designed for detecting various neurodegenerative diseases and subtle cognitive deficits. This study presents a pilot investigation into digital cognitive screening, utilizing an Android version of the DANA tests, conducted among a diverse South Asian population residing in India.

Methods: The study involved individuals aged over 50 years, nested within the ongoing population-based longitudinal Precision-CARRS study, representative of socio-demographically and linguistically diverse adults from Delhi and Chennai in India.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau protein phosphorylation and aggregation are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Multiple phosphorylation sites in Tau protein at serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine result in high heterogeneity and enhanced aggregation kinetics.

Method: Here, we used nanopores coated with a fluid lipid bilayer to characterize native and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins on a single-molecule level.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has highlighted that the oxidative damage is the earliest event of disease. These oxidative modifications are closely associated with inflammatory molecules. It is necessary to explore these two pathways with AD pathophysiology and targeted for therapeutic intervention.

Classification of schwannomas and the new naming convention for "neurofibromatosis-2": Genetic updates and international consensus recommendation.

Despite their similar nomenclature, Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and "Neurofibromatosis type 2" are discrete and clinically distinguishable entities. The name of "neurofibromatosis type 2" has been changed to NF2-related schwannomatosis, to reflect the fact that neurofibromas do not occur in this syndrome and therefore the name "Neurofibromatosis" is factually incorrect. Furthermore, multiple schwannomas, a hallmark feature of NF2, can also occur in patients with mutations in genes including SMARCB1 and LZTR1, all exhibiting overlapping clinical features.

Biomarkers.

Background: In the face of increasing Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and Dementia rates among aging populations, understanding the factors shaping the non-normal cognitive decline is crucial. Leveraging the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) data, this study has a dual focus. (1) It utilizes CDR to aid early MCI diagnosis by investigating factors contributing to transition from Questionable- to Low- AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder which leads to gradual decline in memory, thinking, behaviour and social skills. The current scenario for drug development is based on neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, a major hallmark of the disease activates microglia leading to neuro-inflammation and neuro-degeneration induced by activation of COX-2 via NFkB p50 in glioblastoma cells.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neuropeptides are crucial proteins in the central nervous system, which significantly influence neurophysiological processes. This analysis explores cerebrospinal fluid alterations in Alzheimer's disease, offering insights to better understand the condition and explore novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

Method: We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus using specific search strategies.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with chronic inflammation and synaptic dysfunction playing a significant contributor to disease progression and cognitive decline. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are implicated in AD progression by facilitating the spread of pathological proteins and inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the role of plasma-derived sEVs (PsEVs) in synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation and their association with amyloid-β and tau pathologies in AD progression.

Biomarkers.

Background: Data-driven methods, particularly deep learning, are transforming neuroimaging by accurately estimating Brain Age using diverse modalities. Discrepan- cies between predicted and actual age unveil potential health risks. Utilizing a training set of healthy subjects, a regression algorithm correlates brain features to age, allowing inference for unseen patients.

Mo(0) carbonyl complexes bearing the bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazole) ligand: catalysis of the regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of terminal alkynes to synthesize 1,3,5-isomers.

The reaction between 1,3-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolylmethyl)hexahydropyrimidine L and Mo(CO) in CHCN at 130 °C afforded a binuclear Mo(0) complex 1 containing a new macrocycle formed upon C-N bond cleavage in L in good yield. Conversely, a clean reaction takes place between L and [Mo(CO)(COD)] in THF at 60 °C to give a new metalloligand complex [Mo(CO)(κ-,-L)] 2 containing a spectator pyrazole arm in 83% yield. Their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction methods, and a plausible mechanism is proposed for the C-N bond cleavage leading to complex 1.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the brain resulting gradual decline in a cognitive function, memory impairment, alterations in behavior, potentially resulting in the inability to engage in a conversation and react to the surroundings. Corpus callosum (CC) is the principal white fabric matter present in the center of the brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Neurodegenerative diseases can impact the size and structure of the CC, leading to its atrophy and dysfunction.