Biomarkers.

Background: Neuropeptides are crucial proteins in the central nervous system, which significantly influence neurophysiological processes. This analysis explores cerebrospinal fluid alterations in Alzheimer's disease, offering insights to better understand the condition and explore novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

Method: We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus using specific search strategies.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with chronic inflammation and synaptic dysfunction playing a significant contributor to disease progression and cognitive decline. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are implicated in AD progression by facilitating the spread of pathological proteins and inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the role of plasma-derived sEVs (PsEVs) in synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation and their association with amyloid-β and tau pathologies in AD progression.

Biomarkers.

Background: Data-driven methods, particularly deep learning, are transforming neuroimaging by accurately estimating Brain Age using diverse modalities. Discrepan- cies between predicted and actual age unveil potential health risks. Utilizing a training set of healthy subjects, a regression algorithm correlates brain features to age, allowing inference for unseen patients.

Mo(0) carbonyl complexes bearing the bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazole) ligand: catalysis of the regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of terminal alkynes to synthesize 1,3,5-isomers.

The reaction between 1,3-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolylmethyl)hexahydropyrimidine L and Mo(CO) in CHCN at 130 °C afforded a binuclear Mo(0) complex 1 containing a new macrocycle formed upon C-N bond cleavage in L in good yield. Conversely, a clean reaction takes place between L and [Mo(CO)(COD)] in THF at 60 °C to give a new metalloligand complex [Mo(CO)(κ-,-L)] 2 containing a spectator pyrazole arm in 83% yield. Their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction methods, and a plausible mechanism is proposed for the C-N bond cleavage leading to complex 1.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the brain resulting gradual decline in a cognitive function, memory impairment, alterations in behavior, potentially resulting in the inability to engage in a conversation and react to the surroundings. Corpus callosum (CC) is the principal white fabric matter present in the center of the brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Neurodegenerative diseases can impact the size and structure of the CC, leading to its atrophy and dysfunction.

Biomarkers.

Background: Detection of presymptomatic individuals or those with subtle cognitive changes in midlife may prevent or slow the course of Alzheimer's Disease by identifying candidates for disease-modifying treatments. Utilizing newer delivery approaches involving digital measures shows promise for cognitive phenotyping, early detection, ease of administration, and scoring, particularly in low-resource settings. However, the feasibility of these approaches, along with their association with demographics and their effectiveness in detecting fine-grained aspects of cognitive performance in low-resource settings, remains unclear.

Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Subregions Differentiate between Perceptual Exposure to Visual Stimuli.

Each day, humans must parse visual stimuli with varying amounts of perceptual experience, ranging from incredibly familiar to entirely new. Even when choosing a novel to buy at a bookstore, one sees covers they have repeatedly experienced intermixed with recently released titles. Visual exposure to stimuli has distinct neural correlates in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) of nonhuman primates.

Solvent-Driven Self-Assembly of Discrete Ni(II)-Azide Complexes: Unraveling Unusual Behavior in Mimicking Jack Bean Urease.

The well-known inhibitory strength of 3d metal Schiff base complexes against urease enzymes has long been acknowledged, but their untapped potential to act as ureolytic mimics of active metallobiosites remained unexplored. To break the new ground, we present pyrrolidine-based mononuclear Ni(II)-azide complex {[NiL(HL)(N)]·1.5(HO)} using the N,N,O donor ligand, namely ()-4-bromo-2-(((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol.

Understanding the Kinetics of CO Hydrate Formation in Dry Water for Carbon Capture and Storage: X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Raman Studies.

Hydrate-based carbon capture and storage (HBCS) is a sustainable and promising approach to combating global warming by utilizing water, which is a ubiquitous resource. Here, we report a comprehensive study of CO hydrate formation in dry water (DW), a water-in-air dispersion confined in silica particles, for improving the kinetics of hydrate growth. Utilizing a combination of a home-built high-pressure reactor, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we elucidate the crystal structure, growth dynamics, and morphology of CO hydrates formed in DW, with and without the kinetic hydrate promoter, l-tryptophan.

Short-term exposure to PM pollution in Iran and related burden diseases.

The objective of this study was to estimate the health effects attributed to PM exposure in southwest of Iran. In order to estimate HA-CVD, HA-RD, LC-M, I-As in children, RAD, and WDL, the exposure-response function method was used. The annual mean of PM regularly exceeded 5.

Biomarkers.

Background: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have emerged as powerful tools in the biomedical field, particularly for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their complexity and data-intensive nature, simpler fully connected Convolutional Neural Network (SFCN) architectures have shown effectiveness in accurately discerning between subjects affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls (HC). This model draws inspiration from the work of Peng H et al.

Biomarkers.

Background: We present the results of a task-based fMRI study in early Alzheimer's disease (mild cognitive impairment, MCI and mild Alzheimer's disease, AD) using a novel-fMRI memory paradigm suitable for use in patients with significant cognitive impairment having difficulties with remembering complex instructions.

Method: The study samples comprised 65 patients with early AD(MCI n = 42; 21 males; mild AD n = 23; 16 males) and 26(14 males) elderly cognitively healthy control(eCHC) participants. The incidental encoding phase of the paradigm (7 minutes) comprised 110 trials of common objects (55 living and 55 non-living trials which included 4 objects repeated 6 times each and 1 object repeated 5 times) while the intentional retrieval phase of the paradigm (7 minutes) comprised 55 trials of the 5 objects encoded during the previous phase(repeated 11 times each), and 55 new objects.

Biomarkers.

Background: Musical activity is known to act as a cognitive reserve and protect the brain against age-related cognitive decline. The neural correlates of music perception and processing has been linked to the cerebellum, which is also known to be implicated in musical-training related plasticity. These insights led us to explore the differences in cerebellar volumes between musicians and non-musicians.

Biomarkers.

Background: Thyroid disorders is one of the most common endocrine disorders. It is estimated that 42 million people suffer from thyroid disorders in India. The imbalance in thyroid hormone levels can significantly impact cognitive health of older population.

Biomarkers.

Background: Physiological and mental functions decline as the person ages. However, studies have found that a group of people who are more than 80 years have better cognitive functioning than their peers and also similar to 2-3 decades younger counterpart group. These people are termed as "Superagers".

Orientation effect and locational variation in elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine cortical bone.

Bone is a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic material with a hierarchical structure. The effect of diaphysis locations and directions of loading on elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The impact of location and loading directions on elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone was found to be statistically insignificant in this study.

A novel numerical approach to elucidate experimental scatter in portal pressure measurement using ultrasound contrast agent.

The use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for estimating portal pressure has recently gained attention due to its clinical promise, yet variability in acoustic amplitude poses challenges. UCAs contain microbubbles (1-10 µm in diameter), and understanding their acoustic response is essential to address this variability. However, systematic exploration of factors influencing microbubble behavior remains limited in current literature.

Biomarkers.

Background: Brains affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit senile plaques containing amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, formed when tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and disengages from microtubules (MTs). Early instability in MTs is observed in the AD process, emphasizing its significance in connecting the hallmark pathologies of Aβ/tau-based degenerative events. While current Aβ and tau PET approaches can characterize disease lesions, they fall short in capturing earlier molecular events.

Biomarkers.

Background: In the scientific literatures, C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-known inflammatory biomarker, has been closely examined in connection to cognitive function. However, less knowledge on correlation study between the serum CRP level and different cognitive domain. Therefore, we aimed to study the relation between CRP level and cognition performance in TLSA cohort.

Electronic Substitution Effect on ESIPT-Driven pH and Amine Sensing: Exploring Mechanism.

It is required to have a more straightforward and easier way to check the quality of food to ensure the safety of the public heaths. The decomposition of meat protein results in ammonia and biogenic amines (BAs).  Here, we have designed and synthesized three luminescent-based probe molecules, which originated from 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) derivatives and showed the excited state-induced proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon.

Public Health.

Background: Most human genetic association studies have been undertaken in populations of European ancestry, despite >75% of the world's population being of Asian or African ancestry. In addition, many of the non-white genetic studies have had small sample sizes and lack replication. To date, >80 different genetic variants have been identified for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) using populations mainly of European ancestry and from high income countries, despite more than ∼60% of dementia cases living in low and middle-income countries.