Anesthetic management with a neuromuscular relaxant and sugammadex in a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome: A case report.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder that is characterized by obesity, characteristic facial features, hypotonia, and sleep apnea. These abnormalities mean that airway management is difficult in such patients. Several previous reports suggest that neuromuscular blocking agents should not be used to reduce airway and respiratory complications in these patients.

A scoring system for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from liver biopsy.

Background: Liver biopsy is the essential method to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but histological features of NASH are too subjective to achieve reproducible diagnoses in early stages of disease. We aimed to identify the key histological features of NASH and devise a scoring model for diagnosis.

Methods: Thirteen pathologists blindly assessed 12 histological factors and final histological diagnoses ('not-NASH,' 'borderline,' and 'NASH') of 31 liver biopsies that were diagnosed as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or NASH before and after consensus.

Prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis with rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Acute pancreatitis is the most common and feared adverse event associated with performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Unremitting effort has been made for over 40 years to minimize the frequency and severity of this complication. Recently, the use of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have opened a new era for its prevention.

Korean Translation and Linguistic Validation of Urgency and Overactive Bladder Questionnaires.

Purpose: Given the importance of evaluating the severity of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and outcomes after treatment, several questionnaires have been developed to evaluate OAB patients. However, only limited questionnaires are available in Korea for use with Korean patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Korean versions of OAB questionnaires through a rigorous linguistic validation process.

Tips for troublesome sample-size calculation.

Properly set sample size is one of the important factors for scientific and persuasive research. The sample size that can guarantee both clinically significant differences and adequate power in the phenomena of interest to the investigator, without causing excessive financial or medical considerations, will always be the object of concern. In this paper, we reviewed the essential factors for sample size calculation.

Visceral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Rupture after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

A visceral artery pseudoaneurysm after ERCP is a rare adverse event that is potentially life-threatening. Most cases reported previously originated from the peripancreatic arteries, including the splenic artery, gastroduodenal artery, or pancreaticoduodenal artery. The mechanism of the occurrence of visceral artery pseudoaneurysms after ERCP has not been elucidated until now.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Dorsal Fracture-dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint.

Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical and radiological results of ORIF with inter-fragment screw or buttress plate fixation of acute PIP joint fracture dorsal dislocation.

Patients And Methods:  Between January 2007 to December 2016, nineteen patients - 14 men and 5 women with an average age of 40.9 (19 to 64) years - were included in this study; 9 patients underwent small sized interfragmentary screw fixation and 10 patients underwent small buttress plating.

Guideline-directed medical therapy in elderly patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a cohort study.

Objectives And Design: Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and beta-blockers has improved survival in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). As clinical trials usually do not include very old patients, it is unknown whether the results from clinical trials are applicable to elderly patients with HF. This study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for elderly patients with HFrEF in a large prospective cohort.

Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea.

Background: It is challenging to diagnose asthma in preschool children. The asthma predictive index (API) has been used to predict asthma and decide whether to initiate treatment in preschool children.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between questionnaire-based current asthma with API, pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), and atopic sensitization in preschool children.

Association between Timed Up and Go Test and Subsequent Functional Dependency.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline results of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and subsequent functional dependency occurrence.

Methods: From the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database, we identified 39,519 people who participated in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at the age of 66 during 2007-2008. Impaired mobility was defined as taking 10 seconds or longer to perform the TUG test.

Evaluation of Cumulative and Conditional Antibiotic Release from Vancomycin-Embedded Fibrin Sealant and Its Antibacterial Activity : An In Vitro Study.

Objective: Fibrin sealants have been used for hemostasis, sealant for cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and adhesive barrier in neurosurgery. Further, as its clinical use and role of an effective drug delivery vehicle have been proposed. This study was performed to measure antibacterial activity and continuous local antibiotic release from different concentrations of vancomycin-impregnated fibrin sealant in vitro.

Effect of biologics in the level of cytokines in the synovial fluid of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Background/aims: Biologics are very effective drugs for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, there are patients who are not responding to biologics. This study aimed to evaluate the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-23, and IL-17 from synovial fluid in patients with AS and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and differences of the level of those cytokines according to drugs.

Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli between community-acquired and post-prostate biopsy acute bacterial prostatitis.

Objectives: To compare the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli (E. coli) between community- acquired acute bacterial prostatitis (CA-ABP) and ABP following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (Bx-ABP).

Methods: A total of 4,383 patients underwent prostate biopsy from January 2005 to June 2014.

Ultrasound-Guided Suction Technique for Trauma-Related Large Consolidated Buttock Hematoma: A Case Report.

Case: Occasionally, a large, deep, consolidated hematoma is hard to evacuate without an incision, yet there are concerns about possible complications of surgical removal. We present a case of a 21-year-old military recruit with a large submuscular buttock hematoma that was successfully treated with an ultrasound-guided suction technique under local anesthesia using only a stab incision.

Conclusions: The ultrasound-guided suction technique for a large hematoma was safe and effective in this patient.

Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Male Population.

Background: Research into the Baumann skin type (BST) has recently expanded, with growing interest in the development of an efficient and effective skin type classification system for better understanding of this skin condition.

Objective: We aimed to identify male-specific skin type characteristics with investigation into the distribution of BST by age and region in the Korean male population and to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to skin type.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to collect information about age, region, working behavior, drinking behavior, smoking behavior, usual habit of sun protection, medical history, and the BST which consisted of four parameters; oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T).

Clinical significance of postoperative atrial arrhythmias in patients who underwent lung transplantation.

Background/aims: Atrial arrhythmia (AA) occasionally occurs after lung transplantation (LT); however, risk factors for AA and their impact on clinical outcomes are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes of AA after LT.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and August 2016.

Associated Factors for Asthma Severity in Korean Children: A Korean Childhood Asthma Study.

Purpose: Childhood asthma has a considerable social impact and economic burden, especially in severe asthma. This study aimed to identify the proportion of childhood asthma severity and to evaluate associated factors for greater asthma severity.

Methods: This study was performed on 667 children aged 5-15 years with asthma from the nationwide 19 hospitals in the Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS).

Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions on DCE-MRI by Using Radiomics and Deep Learning With Consideration of Peritumor Tissue.

Background: Computer-aided methods have been widely applied to diagnose lesions detected on breast MRI, but fully-automatic diagnosis using deep learning is rarely reported.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of mass lesions using region of interest (ROI)-based, radiomics and deep-learning methods, by taking peritumor tissues into consideration.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Epidemiology of C5 Palsy after Cervical Spine Surgery: A 21-Center Study.

Objective: C5 palsy is a severe complication after cervical spine surgery, the pathophysiology of which remains unclear. This multicenter study investigated the incidence of C5 palsy following cervical spine surgery in Korea.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving 21 centers from the Korean Cervical Spine Study Group.

Remifentanil does not inhibit sugammadex reversal after rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block in the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat: an ex vivo study.

Purpose: Sugammadex is used to reverse neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium or vecuronium by forming a stable complex. If the binding capacity of any substance to sugammadex is large enough, this molecule will displace rocuronium or vecuronium from the complex. For drugs used in anesthesia, the binding affinity of remifentanil for sugammadex was highest.

Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of anaesthesia on postoperative outcome in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.

Setting: Nationwide National Health Insurance Sharing Service database of Korea.

Participants: All patients aged ≥65 years old who underwent hip fracture surgery, covered by the Korean National Health Insurance, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015.

Melatonin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Dual Suppression of Apoptosis and Necroptosis.

Melatonin is well known to modulate the sleep-wake cycle. Accumulating evidence suggests that melatonin also has favorable effects such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in numerous disease models. It has been reported that melatonin has therapeutic effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).