Decoding the Molecular Basis of the Specificity of an Anti-sTn Antibody.

The mucin -glycan sialyl Tn antigen (sTn, Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcα1--Ser/Thr) is an antigen associated with different types of cancers, often linked with a higher risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. Despite efforts to develop anti-sTn antibodies with high specificity for diagnostics and immunotherapy, challenges in eliciting high-affinity antibodies for glycan structures have limited their effectiveness, leading to low titers and short protection durations. Experimental structural insights into anti-sTn antibody specificity are lacking, hindering their optimization for cancer cell recognition.

Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the global burden of early-onset cancer based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study for 29 cancers worldwid.

Methods And Analysis: Incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors for 29 early-onset cancer groups were obtained from GBD.

Results: Global incidence of early-onset cancer increased by 79.

The English National Lynch Syndrome transformation project: an NHS Genomic Medicine Service Alliance (GMSA) programme.

Objective: In England, through the Genomic Medicine Service Alliances (GMSAs), a national transformation project aims to embed robust pathways to deliver universal Lynch syndrome (LS) testing for patients with colorectal and endometrial cancers. Prior to commencement of the project, there was evidence of variation and low testing levels in eligible patients which is consistent with other health systems; however, we believe this is amenable to systematic improvement with responsibility for testing delivery by local cancer teams supported by regional infrastructure.

Methods And Analysis: A project team and national oversight group was formed in May 2021 with membership including 21×cancer alliances, 7×GMSAs, charities and other stakeholders who agreed key performance indicators.

Cardiovascular health: an important component of cancer survivorship.

Advances in the detection and treatment of cancer have translated into improved cancer survival rates and a growing population of cancer survivors. These include those living with cancer and individuals free of the disease following treatment. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that cancer survivors are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with cardiovascular (CV) mortality overtaking cancer mortality in some tumour types.

Rotational Atherectomy to Treat in-Stent Recurrent Protruding Calcified Nodule.

A 73-year-old man presented with acute coronary syndrome secondary to stent failure. Intravascular imaging identified a recurrent protruding calcific nodule as the mechanism, which was effectively treated with low-speed rotablation, resulting in ablation of the nodule allowing the application of a drug-coated balloon.

Systematics of the complex, with evidence for 3 additional Afrotropical bat species.

Roughly a third of all horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae: ) are found in Africa, where a recent continent-wide genetic survey suggested the presence of both undescribed and apparently invalid species. Here, we focus on the species complex and the recent elevation of Peters, 1852, to species rank. That action created ambiguity in the taxonomy of East African members of the group-are both Martin, 1838, and sympatric in East Africa or is another, unnamed species present there? Here, we refine genetic, morphological, and behavioral characterizations of and its erstwhile synonyms with samples from the vicinity of their type localities.

Blood-based DNA methylation markers for lung cancer prediction.

Objective: Screening high-risk individuals with low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer, but many lung cancers occur in individuals who are not eligible for screening. Risk biomarkers may be useful to refine risk models and improve screening eligibility criteria. We evaluated if blood-based DNA methylation markers can improve a traditional lung cancer prediction model.

Performance and validation of a digital memory test across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Digital cognitive testing using online platforms has emerged as a potentially transformative tool in clinical neuroscience. In theory, it could provide a powerful means of screening for and tracking cognitive performance in people at risk of developing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Here we investigate whether digital metrics derived from an in-person administered, tablet-based short-term memory task-the 'What was where?' Oxford Memory Task-were able to clinically stratify patients at different points within the Alzheimer's disease continuum and to track disease progression over time.

Efficient extraction of carboxylated nanocellulose from ionoSolv pulps with alkaline HO assisted oxidation.

Unlabelled: We report a simple procedure to produce carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from grassy biomass () using a two-step approach consisting of biomass fractionation with a protic ionic liquid followed by oxidation of the resulting cellulose-rich pulps with HO. The impact of the fractionation severity on the composition, structure, size, thermal stability, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization of the CNCs was evaluated. It was found that fractionation severity had a large impact on the pulp purity and its reactivity during the oxidation stage.

Study of nitrous oxide utilization for syngas production partial oxidation of methane using Ni-doped perovskite catalysts.

Four different materials-pure NiO, pure LSCF (LaSrCoFeO ), 10% Ni/LSCF, and 20% Ni/LSCF-were studied. The Ni/LSCF catalysts demonstrated superior catalytic performance for both NO decomposition and the partial oxidation of methane (POM) compared to pure NiO and pure LSCF. This enhancement is attributed to an increase in oxygen vacancies and improved oxygen mobility within the catalyst, as evidenced by O-TPD analysis.

Quantifying the potential value of entomological data collection for programmatic decision-making on malaria control in sub-Saharan African settings.

Background: The availability of many tools for malaria control leads to complex decisions regarding the most cost-effective intervention package based on local epidemiology. Mosquito characteristics influence the impact of vector control, but entomological surveillance is often limited due to a lack of resources in national malaria programmes.

Methods: This study quantified the monetary value of information provided by entomological data collection for programmatic decision-making using a mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum transmission.

Women and birth partners' experiences of cervical ripening at home and in hospital.

Background: In the United Kingdom, induction of labour rates are rapidly rising, and around a third of pregnant women undergo the procedure. The first stage, cervical ripening, traditionally carried out in hospital, is increasingly offered outpatient - or 'at home'. The current induction of labour rates place considerable demand on maternity services and impact women's experiences of care, and at home cervical ripening has been suggested as potential solution for alleviating these.

Plasma proteomic evidence for increased β-amyloid pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Previous studies have suggested that systemic viral infections may increase risks of dementia. Whether this holds true for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infections is unknown. Determining this is important for anticipating the potential future incidence of dementia.

Monolithic electrostatic actuators with independent stiffness modulation.

Robotic artificial muscles, inspired by the adaptability of biological muscles, outperform rigid robots in dynamic environments due to their flexibility. However, the intrinsic compliance of the soft actuators restricts force transmission capacity and dynamic response. Biological muscle modulates their stiffness and damping, varying viscoelastic properties and force in interaction with the surroundings.

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance recommendations toward environmentally sustainable cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Delivery of health care, including medical imaging, generates substantial global greenhouse gas emissions. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) community has an opportunity to decrease our carbon footprint, mitigate the effects of the climate crisis, and develop resiliency to current and future impacts of climate change. The goal of this document is to review and recommend actions and strategies to allow for CMR operation with improved sustainability, including efficient CMR protocols and CMR imaging workflow strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy, and waste, and to decrease reliance on finite resources, including helium and waterbody contamination by gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Risk trajectory of cardiovascular events after an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality. However, the temporal trend of this risk has not fully elucidated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the risk of CV events after COPD exacerbations over different time periods.

Efficacy and safety of the activin signalling inhibitor, sotatercept, in a pooled analysis of PULSAR and STELLAR studies.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sotatercept is a first-in-class activin signalling inhibitor that acts to restore the balance between the growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting signalling pathways.

Methods: This post-hoc, exploratory, pooled analysis combines data from the double-blind placebo periods of the phase 2 PULSAR (NCT03496207) and phase 3 STELLAR (NCT04576988) studies.

Advances and insights into modeling extracellular electron transfer in anaerobic bioprocesses.

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in both natural and engineered anaerobic microbial systems, driving key biochemical processes such as energy generation, bioremediation, and waste degradation. While EET has been characterized in a limited number of microbes and applied in anaerobic digestion and bioelectrochemical systems, further research is needed to explore its mechanism across a broader range of microbial species and anaerobic processes. This review highlights advanced modeling frameworks that provide deeper insights into EET mechanisms and dynamics, aiming to optimize research efforts and minimize time and resource expenditure.

Deep learning image registration for cardiac motion estimation in adult and fetal echocardiography via a focus on anatomic plausibility and texture quality of warped image.

Temporal echocardiography image registration is important for cardiac motion estimation, myocardial strain assessments, and stroke volume quantifications. Deep learning image registration (DLIR) is a promising way to achieve consistent and accurate registration results with low computational time. DLIR seeks the image deformation that enables the moving image to be warped to match the fixed image.

Randomizing the human genome by engineering recombination between repeat elements.

We lack tools to edit DNA sequences at scales necessary to study 99% of the human genome that is noncoding. To address this gap, we applied CRISPR prime editing to insert recombination handles into repetitive sequences, up to 1697 per cell line, which enables generating large-scale deletions, inversions, translocations, and circular DNA. Recombinase induction produced more than 100 stochastic megabase-sized rearrangements in each cell.

Extended receptor repertoire of an adenovirus associated with human obesity.

Human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-D36) has been putatively linked to obesity in animals and has been associated with obesity in humans in some but not all studies. Despite extensive epidemiological research there is limited information about its receptor profile. We investigated the receptor portfolio of HAdV-D36 using a combined structural biology and virology approach.