Sarcoidosis: Updates on therapeutic drug trials and novel treatment approaches.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It affects the lungs in over 90% of patients yet extra-pulmonary and multi-organ involvement is common. Spontaneous remission of disease occurs commonly, nonetheless, over 50% of patients will require treatment and up to 30% of patients will develop a chronic progressive non-remitting disease with marked pulmonary fibrosis leading to significant morbidity and death.

Effectiveness and safety of pulse oximetry in remote patient monitoring of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led health systems to increase the use of tools for monitoring and triaging patients remotely. In this systematic review, we aim to assess the effectiveness and safety of pulse oximetry in remote patient monitoring (RPM) of patients at home with COVID-19. We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, medRxiv, and bioRxiv) from database inception to April 15, 2021, and included feasibility studies, clinical trials, and observational studies, including preprints.

Patient-derived xenograft models-the future of personalised cancer treatment.

For many tumours there is a lack of randomised data from which we can guide systemic treatments. Although gene expression profiling along with proteomics has led to advances in diagnosis, classification and prognosis, our ability to target many cancers has been further limited due to a lack of therapeutic options. The use of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in the setting of a rare malignancy is discussed here by Kamili et al, with the successful establishment of new model systems.

Clinical development of CT-P6 in HER2 positive breast cancer.

: CT-P6 (trastuzumab-pkrb, Herzuma) is a trastuzumab biosimilar approved for use in HER2 positive breast cancer and HER2 positive gastric cancer. CT-P6 has been shown to exhibit similar safety and efficacy profiles to its reference product, trastuzumab. Preclinical and clinical studies have been performed to prove equivalence between CT-P6 and the trastuzumab originator.

Changes in right ventricular longitudinal function: primary mitral and concomitant tricuspid valve repair.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of concomitant tricuspid valve (TV) repair on the right ventricular (RV) function postoperatively and within the 6 months following degenerative mitral valve (MV) repair.

Methods: The prospective study included 37 patients (mean age 57.32 ± 2.

A randomised trial comparing the pharmacokinetics and safety of the biosimilar CT-P6 with reference trastuzumab.

Purpose: Access to trastuzumab, a valuable anti-cancer treatment, can be limited by cost. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the PK profiles of CT-P6, a biosimilar of trastuzumab, and US-licensed reference trastuzumab (Herceptin) in healthy subjects. Secondary study aims included comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of CT-P6 and reference trastuzumab in these subjects.

Inhaled corticosteroids and pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, in combination with long-acting β2 agonists, reduce exacerbations and improve lung function and quality of life. However, inhaled corticosteroids have been linked with an increased risk of pneumonia in individuals with COPD, but the magnitude of this risk, the effects of different preparations and doses, and the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Therefore, making informed clinical decisions--balancing the beneficial and adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in individuals with COPD--is difficult.

Clinical validity of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.

Background: We aimed to assess the clinical validity of circulating tumour cell (CTC) quantification for prognostication of patients with metastatic breast cancer by undertaking a pooled analysis of individual patient data.

Methods: We contacted 51 European centres and asked them to provide reported and unreported anonymised data for individual patients with metastatic breast cancer who participated in studies between January, 2003, and July, 2012. Eligible studies had participants starting a new line of therapy, data for progression-free survival or overall survival, or both, and CTC quantification by the CellSearch method at baseline (before start of new treatment).

Wheezing symptoms and parental asthma are associated with a physician diagnosis of asthma in children with sickle cell anemia.

Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma associated with increased sickle cell anemia (SCA).

Study Design: Children with SCA (N = 187; mean age 9.6 years, 48% male) were classified as having "asthma" based on parent report of physician diagnosis plus prescription of asthma medication (n = 53) or "no asthma" based on the absence of these features (n = 134).

Cobalt from metal-on-metal hip replacements may be the clinically relevant active agent responsible for periprosthetic tissue reactions.

Some types of metal-on-metal (MOM) hip replacements have unacceptably high rates of failure, such as the Ultima TPS MOM hip, with 13.8% failure at 5 years. This has been attributed to an inflammatory reaction following the release of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) from the bearing surfaces and modular junctions.

The use of adrenaline autoinjectors by children and teenagers.

Background: Although adrenaline is recommended as first line treatment for anaphylaxis, it is often not utilized. There has been a debate about when adrenaline autoinjectors should be prescribed and how many should be dispensed.

Objectives: To see how many adrenaline autoinjectors were used during anaphylactic reactions and to determine why they were not used in situations where they were clinically indicated.

An intra-patient placebo-controlled phase I trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of intradermal IMM-101 in melanoma.

Background: IMM-101 is a heat-killed innate and adaptive immune-activating mycobacterial product; a phase I study aimed to determine its safety and tolerability in individuals with melanoma.

Patients And Methods: An intra-patient placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety and tolerability of three doses, namely, 0.1 (1 mg/ml), 0.

The chemical form of metallic debris in tissues surrounding metal-on-metal hips with unexplained failure.

Implant-derived material from metal-on-metal (MOM) hip arthroplasties may be responsible for an unexplained tissue inflammatory response. The chemical form of the metal species in the tissues is predominantly chromium (Cr), but the currently used techniques have not been able to determine whether this is Cr(III) phosphate or Cr(III) oxide. The analytical challenge must overcome the fact that the metal in the tissues is at a relatively low concentration and tissue preparation or the microscopy beam used can affect the results.